Exploring the clinical significance of Yinqiao powder based on the compatibility of Chinese herbal formulas

Yinqiao powder comes from the book"Wenbing Tiaobian"(Detailed Analysis of Epidemic Warm Diseases)written by Wu Jutong in the Qing Dynasty(1636-1912),in which it is mentioned that"pungent-cool diaphoretic agent Yinqiao power is used to treat patients with fever,not aversion to cold but thirsty"Yinqiao powder is often used to treat Wind-warm syndrome,warm-heat syndrome and miscellaneous diseases caused by some pathogenic factors in Wei-fen syndrome(Wei-fen syndrome is the syndrome name of the disease and is often used to indicate the initial stage of exogenous febrile disease,which is the syndrome of the body's guard surface.)and upper energizer.With the further research and application of Yinqiao powder,it is more and more widely used in clinic.This article summarizes the clinical application of Yinqiao powder through the analysis of the prescription meaning,compatible prescriptions,decoction methods and other aspects of Yinqiao powder in order to provide more evidence for clinical treatment of febrile disease.At the same time,through the prescription thinking of Yinqiao powder,we can learn Wu Jutong's treatment principle and academic thought of"Shangjiao(Shangjiao is one of the three and is the upper part of the Sanjiao.Generally refers to the chest above the diaphragm,including the heart,lungs and throat.)is like a feather,not lightly".Wu Jutong's flexible use of Chinese medicine and the thought of syndrome differentiation and treatment are also worthy of our study and reference.

Review of the powder and decoction formulae in Traditional Chinese Medicine based on pharmacologically active substances and clinical evidence

Powder formulae are an indispensable part of prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine.Powder formulae are characterized by good therapeutic efficacy and low dose used for their preparation.Analysis of the therapeutic application and material basis of pharmacological active substance in power formulae can enable the development of new powder formulae.This in turn can contribute to reduction of wastage of drug material,relief of shortage of herbal medicinal resources and sustainable development of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Powdered Chinese Herbal Medicines-An Exemplification of Isatidis Radix

Objective Currently, powdered Chinese herbal medicines （CHMs） were mainly evaluated through physical property, chemical dissolution, and bioactivity independently. It could not reflect the quality comprehensively. This paper was to explore and establish a comprehensive evaluation method for powdered CHMs. Methods Isatidis Radixwas chosen as an exemple. Firstly, powdered Isatidis Radixin different particle size was prepared. Then, their physical properties were characterized. The dissolution of index component epigoitrin was determined, and their antiviral activities were evaluated by neuraminidase-based bioassay. Results As the particle size decreased, powder distribution tended to be uniform, and the dissolution of epigoitrin increased, antiviral activity enhanced. According to cluster analysis of above results, the sequence of evaluation consequence was ultrafine powder S2 （D90：32.80± 0.29） 〉 ultrafine powder S1 （D90：52.08 ± 0.53） 〉 fine powder SO （D90：118.16± 0.76） （from the superior to the inferior）. Conclusion Overall, the comprehensive evaluation for powdered CHMs based on the physical characterization, chemical dissolution, and bioassay could not only be used to evaluate powdered herbs, but also guide the screening and optimization of the particle size of powder.

Effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines on functional dyspepsia: A review

Functional dyspepsia(FD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in clinic. With the infuence of environmental factors, social factors and dietary factors, the incidence rate of FD in the general population is yearly increasing. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and far-reaching infuence in the treatment of FD. It can prevent and treat FD in the form of multiple-components, targets and channels,with obvious effect and prominent advantages. This article starts with the common syndrome types of FD, and discusses the research progress of single Chinese medicine, effective ingredients and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines in treating FD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of FD with traditional Chinese medicines.

Effects of Zhichan powder on signal transduction and apoptosis-associated gene expression in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease rats

Previous studies have shown that Zhichan powder elevated immunity and suppressed oxidation in mice. Rat models of Parkinson＇s disease were induced by stereotaxically injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra. The rat models were intragastrically treated with Zhichan powder, which is composed of milkvetch root, ginseng, bunge swallowwort root, himalayan teasel root. Magnolia officinalis, Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and szechwan Iovage rhizome. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR results demonstrated that mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Fas, caspase-8, cvtochrome C, Bax, casDase-3, and p53 significantly increased, but Bcl-2 expression significantly decreased in the substantia nigra of rats with Parkinson＇s disease. Following Zhichan powder administration, mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, Fas, caspase-8, cytochrome C, Bax, caspase-3, and p53 diminished, but Bcl-2 expression increased in the rat substantia nigra. These results indicate that Zhichan powder regulates signal transduction protein expression, inhibits apoptosis, and exerts therapeutic effects on Parkinson＇s disease.

Adult-onset Still’s disease successfully treated with Chinese herbal medicine: A case report with 15-month follow-up

Adult-onset Still’s disease(AOSD) is a rare but clinically well-known, polygenic, and systemic autoinflammatory disease, which is characterized by spiking fever, evanescent skin rash, arthralgia, and sore throat.The application of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids, which are first-line therapies of AOSD, is limited due to their side effects such as liver injury or disorder of blood glucose.Therefore, patients who suffer from systemic diseases in China prefer to seek help from Chinese herbal medicine(CHM), which is an important part of complementary and alternative medicine. In this case,we report a 28-year-old male badminton coach presenting with a 15-day history of fever and skin rash,accompanied by sore throat, fatigue, myalgia and chills. Additionally, hepatosplenomegaly, multiple lymphadenopathies, aminotransferase abnormality, and elevated inflammatory factor levels were observed during hospitalization. Infectious diseases, solid tumors, hematological diseases, and common autoimmune diseases were excluded. Not benefitting from antibiotic therapy, the patient was finally diagnosed with AOSD, after a careful examination, then showed rapid remission after a six-week treatment with CHM granules based on Xiaochaihu Decoction and Yinqiao Powder. After stopping the treatment, there was no relapse within a 15-month follow-up period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well-documented case of this successful treatment. The present case report suggests that CHM is a reliable choice for complementary and alternative therapy for AOSD, but confirming the utility of CHM for AOSD requires further support from prospective studies.

A Medical Case of Acne Vulgaris Treated with Danggui Shaoyao Powder Combined with Sini Powder

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disease damaging face,and the incidence of acne vulgaris is increasing year by year in China.Acne falls into the category of pimple in traditional Chinese medicine,and there are many dialectical understandings of acne in modern traditional Chinese medicine.Dr.He Aijuan has a unique diagnosis and treatment thinking in treating acne vulgaris(liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type)with traditional Chinese medicine in her clinical work for many years.Her application of Danggui Shaoyao Powder combined with Sini Powder has a remarkable effect in the clinical treatment process,so a clinical medical case is selected for discussion.

Exploration and Study of Jianpi Qushi Powder Combined with Standard Anti HP Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of HP Infectious Gastritis of Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Stagnation Type

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti-HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 223 patients with laboratory-confirmed HP infection who were admitted to the Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups. 101 patients in the control group were given standard anti HP quadruple therapy;122 cases in the treatment group were given traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy. The two groups were rechecked carbon breath test after the designed course of treatment, and the curative effects of the two groups were compared. Results: 113 cases in the treatment group were cured by traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 92.62%. 84 cases in the control group were cured by standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 83.17%, χ2 = 4.7955, P = 0.0285, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation is one of the best treatment schemes for HP infection. The results of this study achieve the best clinical treatment effect, and provide a more valuable and reliable method for the treatment of gastropathy in clinical internal medicine, which is worthy of popularization and application.

Research Progress of Jianpi Qushi Powder Combined with Standard Anti Hp Quadruple Therapy in the Treatment of Hp Infectious Gastritis with Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Stagnation

Stomach Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the common gastric diseases. Helicobacter pylori infectious gastritis of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation is a relatively intractable chronic disease. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine methods have emerged one after another in the treatment of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection. By collecting references, the author reviewed the clinical characteristics of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection and the new progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Characterization of herbal powder blends homogeneity using near-infrared spectroscopy

Homogeneity of powder blend is essential to obtain uniform contents for the tablets and capsules.Near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy with fiber-optic probe was used as an on-line technique for monitoring the homogeneity of pharmaceutical blend during the blending process instead of the traditional techniques,such as high performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC)method.In this paper NIRS with a SabIR difuse reflectance fiber optic probe was used to monitor the blending process of coptis powder and lactose(excipient)with different contents,and further qualitative methods,like similarity,moving block of standard deviation and mean square were used for calculation purposes with the ollected spectra after the pretreatment of multiplicative signal correction(MSC)and second derivative.Correlation spectrum was used for the wavelength selection.Four different coptis were blended with lactose separately to validate the proposed method,and the blending process of "liu wei di huang"pill was also simulated in bottles to verify this method on multiple herbal blends.The overall results suggest that NIRS is a simple,efective and noninvasive technique can be sucssfuly applied to the determination of homogeneity in the herbal blend.

Sanchen powder extract combined with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Objective: To explore the effects of the extract of Sanchen powder(ESCP) combined with vancomycin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) planktonic cells, biofilms, and virulence factors.Methods: The herbs in Sanchen powder(SCP) were extracted separately with 50% ethanol. Then, the content of hydroxysafflower yellow A(HSYA) and cholic acid in the extract of artificial cattle bezoar(artificial Calculus bovis) and safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) was measured by ultraviolet visible-vis spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of ESCP combined with vancomycin on MRSA by observing its biofilm viability were assessed using a 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium5-carboxanilide reduction assay and scanning electron microscopy.Additionally, enzyme activity was measured by plasma coagulase test and DNase test.Results: The cholic acid content of the artificial C. bovis extract was 7.34(0.81) mg/g, and the HSYA content of the C. tinctorius extract was 9.18(0.09) mg/g. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ESCP and vancomycin were 25.6 mg/m L and 2 μg/m L. The minimum bactericidal concentration of ESCP was51.2 mg/m L. ESCP combined with vancomycin could inhibit the expression of coagulase and bacteria in mature biofilms. Neither ESCP nor vancomycin had a significant effect on DNase.Conclusion: This study is the first to show that ESCP combined with vancomycin inhibits coagulase and MRSA embedded in mature biofilms and that it represents a promising treatment for MRSA infection.

More studies are necessary to establish the effectiveness of Jinhuang powder in the treatment of diabetic foot

Diabetes mellitus is a common global public health problem that can cause serious illness and premature death.Diabetic foot ulcer,one of the complications of diabetes,is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and is associated with many other devastating complications.Previous study found that a group of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)can be used for treating diabetic foot ulcers.More and more attention is being paid to the use of Chinese medicine to heal diabetic feet.Under the guidance of relevant theories of traditional Chinese medicine,more studies are needed to reveal the key active components and related signal pathways of TCM in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer.One clinical study explored the treatment of diabetic foot with infection combined moist exposed burn ointment with Jinhuang powder.However,large-scale multi-center,double blind,randomized,placebo-controlled clinical trials and animal studies are necessary to establish the effectiveness of Jinhuang powder in the treatment of diabetic foot.

丹栀逍遥散加减方对精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症的影响研究

目的观察丹栀逍遥散加减方对精神分裂症患者高催乳素水平的影响。方法将118例精神分裂症并发有高催乳血症患者按照随机数字表法分为2组,2组均常规给予抗精神分裂症药物治疗,治疗组56例予丹栀逍遥散加减方治疗,对照组62例予安慰剂治疗。2组均治疗12周后。比较2组治疗前及治疗4、12周血清催乳素、精神症状[采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分进行评价]及生活质量[采用精神分裂症患者生活质量量表(SQLS)进行评价,包括心理社会、动机/精力、症状/副反应3个方面]变化情况,统计分析治疗组治疗12周后血清催乳素水平与PANSS评分、SQLS评分之间的相关性。结果与本组治疗前比较,治疗组治疗4、12周血清催乳素水平均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗4、12周血清催乳素水平均低于对照组同期(P<0.05),但对照组治疗4、12周血清催乳素水平与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组治疗4、12周PANSS评分与本组治疗前比较及组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,治疗组治疗4、12周SQLS心理社会、动机/精力、症状/副反应评分及总分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗4、12周SQLS心理社会、动机/精力、症状/副反应评分及总分均低于对照组同期(P<0.05),但对照组治疗4、12周SQLS心理社会、动机/精力、症状/副反应评分及总分与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,治疗组治疗12周血清催乳素水平与SQSL症状/副反应评分及总分存在正相关性(r=0.259,P=0.005;r=0.263,P=0.004)。结论丹栀逍遥散加减方治疗精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症临床疗效确切,可有效降低患者血清催乳素水平,提高患者生活质量,是一种颇具治疗效应的临床辅助治疗手段。

A network pharmacology analysis on Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder against COVID-19 in children

Background:To clarify the effectiveness and potential mechanism of Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder(JBZP)for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in children based on network pharmacology.Methods:The active ingredients and action targets of Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder formulas were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.Genes related to COVID-19 were found on the GeneCards database.The active ingredients-target network map was constructed by Cytoscape.The action mechanisms of these genes were predicted using a Gene Ontology-based functional enrichment and annotation tool and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.Results:Through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,187 eligible compounds and 12,921 targets of Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder were identified.A total of 257 genes related to Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder and 401 genes related to COVID-19 in children were screened and 59 common target genes were obtained.The network analysis showed that the predicted seven main active components were Quercetin,Luteolin,Wogonin,Kaempferol,Irisolidone,Nobiletin and Licochalcone a.Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that key targets were associated with regulating immunological function or glycosylation through the biological processes.Conclusion:The potential mechanisms of Jiawei Buhuanjin Zhengqi powder on COVID-19 in children might be related to anti-inflammatory,virus infection,and immunomodulatory signaling pathway.

Observation on the Therapeutic Effect of Shangjinbitong Powder(伤筋痹痛散)on Improving Acupoint Plaster

Objective:To study the therapeutic effect of Shangjinbitong Powder(伤筋痹痛散)on improving acupoint plaster,in order to provide some scientific basis for clinical use.Methods:This project was carried out from June 2020 to January 2021,30 patients with low back pain in the outpatient department of orthopedics and traumatology in our hospital and 30 patients with low back pain in the rehabilitation department of Fuping County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects.Patients with low back pain in our hospital were treated with Shangjinbitong Powder as the control group,and patients in rehabilitation department of Fuping County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine as the research group were treated with acupoint plaster improved by Shangjinbitong Powder.After one week of treatment,the effective rates of the two groups were compared.Results:The effective rate of treatment in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).There were no adverse reactions such as infection,scald and bleeding in the study group and the control group during the treatment.Conclusion:Shangjinbitong Powder improved acupoint plaster has good curative effect,convenient use,certain safety and clinical popularization value.

“调督安神”针刺联合四逆散治疗老年顽固性失眠患者的临床观察

目的观察“调督安神”针刺联合四逆散治疗老年顽固性失眠患者的疗效,为其治疗提供方法。方法纳入2021年6月—2023年6月在遂宁市第三人民医院治疗的中医辨证为心脾两虚证的老年顽固性失眠患者102例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组51例。对照组口服右佐匹克隆片,观察组在与对照组相同治疗的基础上加用“调督安神”针刺联合四逆散治疗,2组患者均持续治疗2周。比较2组临床疗效、中医证候评分和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分。结果观察组治疗有效率高于对照组(94.12%vs 78.43%,P<0.05)。治疗1周后,观察组患者神疲乏力、多梦易醒、头晕目眩、心悸易惊及注意力不集中评分均低于同组治疗前(P<0.05),而对照组上述各项评分与治疗前差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2周后,两组的神疲乏力、多梦易醒、头晕目眩、心悸易惊及注意力不集中评分均低于同组治疗前,且观察组上述评分低于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗1周后,观察组患者PSQI评分明显低于同组治疗前和对照组(均P<0.05);治疗2周后,观察组和对照组患者PSQI评分明显低于同组治疗前,且观察组PSQI评分低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论西药右佐匹克隆片联合“调督安神”针刺与四逆散加味方治疗老年顽固性失眠患者,疗效确切,可显著改善患者的临床症状,具有一定的应用价值。

基于主成分分析法优选半夏散剂粒度范围

目的:探究天南星科植物半夏生品及炮制品的中药散剂粒度对药材质量的影响,并优选出最佳粒度工艺。方法:首先对不同粒度的半夏生品及炮制品散剂中多个活性成分(尿嘧啶、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、尿苷、鸟苷)含量进行检测,再利用主成分分析法对检测数据进行处理,计算不同散剂的综合评价指标值,并构建回归模型,通过模型函数优选出不同散剂的最佳粒度。结果:通过分析最终得到的最优散剂粒度为:生半夏散过6号药典筛、市售炮制品过7号药典筛、自制炮制品过9号药典筛。结论:本实验方法可靠,以粒度作为因素,结合成分含量数据基于主成分分析法可作为中药散剂的质量评价标准。

三七粉联合康妇凝胶治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV持续阳性临床观察

目的探讨三七粉联合康妇凝胶治疗慢性宫颈炎伴人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续阳性患者的临床效果。方法选取2018年6月—2020年12月于南昌市洪都中医院诊断为慢性宫颈炎伴HPV持续阳性的患者110例,采取随机数字表法将所有患者分为对照组(50例)和观察组(60例)。给予对照组重组人干扰素α2b栓治疗,给予观察组康妇凝胶联合三七粉治疗。比较治疗后两组的总有效率、HPV转阴率及血清炎症因子水平。结果治疗后观察组的总有效率为93.33%(56/60),高于对照组的82.00%(41/50)(P<0.05);治疗后观察组的HPV转阴率为85.00%(51/60),高于对照组74.00%(37/50)(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患者的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)炎症因子水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论三七粉联合康妇凝胶治疗慢性宫颈炎伴HPV持续阳性的临床效果显著,能有效提高临床总有效率、提高患者的HPV转阴率、降低炎症因子水平,值得在临床治疗中推广应用。

《方剂学》教材商榷5则

《方剂学》教材中存在一些值得商榷的问题,如安神药服药时间、麻黄杏仁甘草石膏汤证是否兼有外邪、四逆散证有无外邪的方义解释、牡蛎散是否治疗盗汗、大秦艽汤的分类归属等。这些问题不单涉及到教学,更影响临床应用,对此作一探讨,以有利于中医教学与临床。

基于豚鼠模型结合网络药理学探究七白粉的皮肤美白作用机制

目的:研究七白粉的皮肤美白作用,并结合网络药理学和分子对接技术预测其达到美白效果的作用机制。方法:采用紫外线B波段(UVB)照射诱导豚鼠皮肤色素沉着,建立动物模型。观察七白粉对模型豚鼠的美白效果,同时检测黑色素细胞数和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、酪氨酸酶(TYR)及脂褐质(LF)等与皮肤色素沉积相关的生化指标。利用网络药理学预测七白粉美白的作用机制,并通过分子对接和表面等离子体共振(SPR)进行验证。结果:在动物实验中,与模型组比较,七白粉可显著改善皮肤亮度,且黑色素细胞数和TYR、LF、MDA水平均显著降低,而SOD水平显著升高。网络药理学研究发现七白粉通过儿茶素没食子酸酯、茯苓酸C、别欧前胡素等关键成分,作用于蛋白激酶Bα(AKT1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、表皮生长因子(EGFR)等关键靶标,调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-蛋白激酶B(PI3K-AKT)和TNF等信号通路改善黑色素沉积而发挥美白作用。分子对接和SPR结果显示关键成分与关键靶标有较好的亲和力。结论:七白粉可通过抗氧化和抑制TYR的活性达到美白皮肤的效果。此外,七白粉通过多成分作用于多靶点,调控多通路改善黑色素沉积而发挥美白作用,体现了中药复方君臣佐使相互协同,多成分,多靶点,多通路的特点。