Two-dimensional investigation of characteristic parameters and their gradients for the self-generated electric and magnetic fields of laser-induced zirconium plasma

Two-dimensional diagnosis of laser-induced zirconium(Zr)plasma has been experimentally performed using the time-of-flight method by employing Faraday cups in addition to electric and magnetic probes.The characteristic parameters of laser-induced Zr plasma have been evaluated as a function of different laser irradiances ranging from 4.5 to 11.7 GW cm-2 at different axial positions of 1–4 cm with a fixed radial distance of 2 cm.A well-supporting correlation between the plume parameters and the laser-plasma-produced spontaneous electric and magnetic(E and B)fields was established.The measurements of the characteristic parameters and spontaneously induced fields were observed to have an increasing trend with the increasing laser irradiance.However,when increasing the spatial distance in both the axial and radial directions,the plasma parameters(electron/ion number density,temperature and kinetic energy)did not show either continuously increasing or decreasing trends due to various kinetic and dynamic processes during the spatial evolution of the plume.However,the E and B fields were observed to be always diffusing away from the target.The radial component of electron number densities remained higher than the axial number density component,whereas the axial ion number density at all laser irradiances and axial distances remained higher than the radial ion number density.The higher axial self-generated electric field(SGEF)values than radial SGEF values are correlated with the effective charge-separation mechanism of electrons and ions.The generation of a self-generated magnetic field is observed dominantly in the radial direction at increasing laser irradiance as compared to the axial one due to the deflection of fast-moving electrons and the persistence of two-electron temperature on the radial axis.

Anchoring effect and energy-absorbing support mechanism of large deformation bolt

To research the anchoring effect of large deformation bolt,tensile and drawing models are established.Then,the evolution laws of drawing force,bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress are analyzed.Additionally,the influence of structure element position on the anchoring effect of large deformation bolt is discussed.At last,the energy-absorbing support mechanism is discussed.Results show that during the drawing process of normal bolt,drawing force,bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress all gradually increase as increasing the drawing displacement,but when the large deformation bolt enters the structural deformation stage,these three values will keep stable;when the structure element of large deformation bolt approaches the drawing end,the fluctuation range of drawing force decreases,the distributions of bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress of anchorage section are steady and the increasing rate of interfacial shear stress decreases,which are advantageous for keeping the stress stability of the anchorage body.During the working process of large deformation bolt,the strain of bolt body is small,the working resistance is stable and the distributions of bolt axial force and interfacial shear stress are steady.When a rock burst event occurs,the bolt and bonding interface cannot easily break,which weakens the dynamic disaster degree.

Study on the Influence of Radial Pressurization on Anchoring Performance of Bolts

Supporting soft rock roadways in coal mines has long posed a formidable challenge. Addressing issues such as the formation of soft rock strata, poor fracture development, limited tolerance, and the frequent and severe damage sustained by conventional bolts due to their low elongation and bearing capacity, this study employs bottom expansion and filling technology. It combines theoretical analysis with booster bolt pull-out tests to scrutinize the radial stress distribution of bolts under extrusion forces. Moreover, it conducts a comparative analysis of bolt bearing characteristics under varying radial pressurization conditions, delving into the impact of radial directional increases in compressive stress on bolt anchoring performance.

Influences of surface and flexoelectric polarization on the effective anchoring energy in nematic liquid crystal

The physical effects on surface and flexoelectric polarization in a weak anchoring nematic liquid crystal cell are investigated systematically. We derive the analytic expressions of two effective anchoring energies for lower and upper substrates respectively as well as their effective anchoring strengths and corresponding tilt angles of effective easy direction.All of these quantities are relevant to the magnitudes of both two polarizations and the applied voltage U. Based on these expressions, the variations of effective anchoring strength and the tilt angle with the applied voltage are calculated for the fixed values of two polarizations. For an original weak anchoring hybrid aligned nematic cell, it may be equivalent to a planar cell for a small value of U and has a threshold voltage. The variation of reduced threshold voltage with reduced surface polarization strength is also calculated. The role of surface polarization is important without the adsorptive ions considered.

ANCHORING EFFECT ANALYSIS OF TENSIONED BOLTS

The paper analyses quantitatively the anchoring effect of tensioned bolts on surrounding rock strength, and defines two concepts: one is the surrounding rock strength increased amount Δτ13 and the other is the strength influence factor k. The anchoring effect of tensioned bolts is considered to increase a strength increased amount Δτ13 where Δτ13 is the product k and ten-sioned load p, i. e. Δτ13 = kp, where k is a function of two variables x and y. The distribu-tive properties both Δτ13 and k are also discussed in the paper, obtaining some useful results for designing bolting support parameters.

Mathematical Statistics Method of Evaluating Application Effects of a New Type of Gas Anchor

Based on the basic formula of the confidence interval and the sampling error of mathematical statistics, the mathematical statistics method of evaluating application effects of a new type of gas anchor was given in this paper. By the method mentioned above, the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the relevant mean value differences of Daqing Oilfield S block’s 150 wells, according to the mean value differences of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of the 10 sampling test wells, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, were calculated. The calculation results show that a new type of gas anchor has a better effect of increasing oil production of oil well and enhancing pump efficiency. Through the real value differences analysis of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth of 150 wells mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, it was verified. By using the confidence interval and the sampling errors of the liquid producing capacity per day, the oil production per day, the submergence depth mentioned above, in which before and after a new type of gas anchor were laid down, the application effects of a new type of gas anchor could be evaluated. And a mathematical statistics method of evaluation application effects of a new type of gas anchor is presented.

Rational design of porous carbon allotropes as anchoring materials for lithium sulfur batteries

The shuttle effect seriously impedes the development and practical application of lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries.It is still a long-term challenge to find effective anchoring materials to hinder the shuttle effect of Li-S batteries.Using carbon allotrope as anchoring materials is an effective strategy to alleviate the shuttling effect.However,the influence factors of carbon allotrope on the adsorption performance of LIPSS at the atomic level are not clear,which limits the application of carbon allotrope in Li-S batteries.Herein,using first-principles simulations,a systematical calculation of carbon allotropes with various ring size(6 ≤S≤16) and shape is conducted to understand the adsorption mechanism.The results show that the T-G monolayers with suitable ring structure and high charge transfer can significantly enhance the interaction between the monolayer and LiPSs,allowing them to have high capacity and high coulombic efficiency.Further diffusion studies show that LiPSs on the T-G monolayer have the low diffusion barriers,which ensures the charging and discharging rate of batteries.Our studies could provide material design principles of carbon allotrope monolayers used as anchoring materials of the high performance Li-S batteries.

TiS_(2)-graphene heterostructures enabling polysulfide anchoring and fast electrocatalyst for lithium-sulfur batteries:A first-principles calculation

Lithium-sulfur batteries have attracted attention because of their high energy density.However,the "shuttle effect" caused by the dissolving of polysulfide in the electrolyte has greatly hindered the widespread commercial use of lithiumsulfur batteries.In this paper,a novel two-dimensional TiS2/graphene heterostructure is theoretically designed as the anchoring material for lithium-sulfur batteries to suppress the shuttle effect.This heterostructure formed by the stacking of graphene and TiS2 monolayer is the van der Waals type,which retains the intrinsic metallic electronic structure of graphene and TiS2 monolayer.Graphene improves the electronic conductivity of the sulfur cathode,and the transferred electrons from graphene enhance the polarity of the TiS2 monolayer.Simulations of the polysulfide adsorption show that the TiS2/graphene hetero structure can maintain good metallic properties and the appropriate adsorption energies of 0.98-3.72 eV,which can effectively anchor polysulfides.Charge transfer analysis suggests that further enhancement of polarity is beneficial to reduce the high proportion of van der Waals(vdW) force in the adsorption energy,thereby further enhancing the anchoring ability.Low Li2 S decomposition barrier and Li-ion migration barrier imply that the heterostructure has the ability to catalyze fast electrochemical kinetic processes.Therefore,TiS2/graphene heterostructure could be an important candidate for ideal anchoring materials of lithium-sulfur batteries.

Synergistic effect of a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons

In order to improve the anchoring force of anchors for carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) tendons further, a new wedge-bond-type anchor for CFRP tendons was developed. The increment in anchoring force induced by the clamping segment of anchor was studied. Taking the deformation of all parts in clamping segment in the transverse direction into consideration, the calculation formula for the increment of anchoring force was proposed based on the linear elastic hypotheses. The proposed model is verified by experiments and conclusions are drawn that the anchoring force is influenced mainly by the inclination angle of clamping pieces, the length of clamping part and the thickness of bonding medium. Especially, the thickness of bonding medium should be lowered in design to improve the synergistic effect of anchors.

地缘政治风险与人民币货币锚效应——基于“一带一路”合作国家和地区的实证分析

防范化解地缘政治风险,保持人民币币值的相对稳定,对稳慎推进人民币国际化具有重大意义。通过分析2015年8月至2022年7月“一带一路”合作国家和地区56种货币的汇率月频数据,探究了不同区域的货币锚定人民币的程度,并进一步基于Frankel经典货币锚模型测度了地缘政治风险对人民币货币锚效应的影响。实证结果表明:第一,美元虽仍是大部分地区的锚定货币,但人民币已逐步成长为东欧、东南欧、东南亚和东亚地区钉住的货币锚。第二,地缘政治风险能够显著影响人民币在部分地区的货币锚效应,但是在不同区域和不同贸易开放度的情况下具有显著的异质性。当地缘政治风险上升时,东欧和东南欧地区会更多地锚定人民币以规避汇率风险,而东南亚和东亚地区却会选择降低锚定人民币的权重以寻求汇率稳定;高贸易开放度的国家会更多地锚定人民币,低贸易开放度的国家更可能会减少锚定人民币。研究结果为稳慎推进人民币国际化和精准实施人民币国际化的国别策略提供了参考依据。

密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装效应对抗拔能力影响的数值分析

目的研究密砂中单盘螺旋锚安装过程中锚周土体变形特性及其对抗拔能力的影响,为螺旋锚基础精细化设计提供技术支撑。方法利用MatDEM软件建立密砂中螺旋锚安装及拉拔过程的数值计算模型,通过与室内模型试验结果对比标定颗粒微观力学参数,进而分析钻入和预埋两种安装方式下不同埋深和盘径的螺旋锚安装效应及上拔承载力。结果当H/d w≤10时,钻入安装的极限上拔力较预埋低,当H/d w>10后,安装方式带来承载力差别不再随埋深增加而增加;随着盘径增大,两种安装方式下螺旋锚的承载能力均表现出增大的趋势,钻入方式下的Q ut比预埋下的Q up降低量从33%增至53%,预埋方式螺旋锚的承载能力高于钻入。结论钻入安装螺旋锚的上拔承载力低于预埋方式的承载力,但当埋深比超过10后,安装扰动对承载力的影响随着深度变化很小;随着盘径增加,安装扰动对极限上拔承载力的影响增大,相较于埋深变化带来的安装扰动差异,盘径变化带来的影响更明显。

托顶煤巷道锚固“梁-拱”结构分类及顶板冲击失稳机制

我国煤矿托顶煤巷道冲击地压频发,且冲击动载下顶板灾害尤为严重。为探究托顶煤巷道顶板锚固结构类型和冲击失稳机制,以陕西某矿301工作面回风巷道大面积冲击垮顶为工程背景,运用相似实验、理论分析及数据统计等方法,分析了托顶煤巷道围岩应力、位移和巷表加速度的动载响应特征,研究了顶煤厚度与支护构件影响下顶板锚固结构的分类特征,探究了弹性波下托顶煤巷道的应力响应机制,提出顶板锚固“梁-拱”结构的冲击失稳机制,评估了301工作面回风巷道的抗冲能力,并提出了相应的抗冲支护优化方案。结果表明:①冲击动载下托顶煤围岩应力和位移等监测数据验证了顶板存在内、外层的梁或拱形锚固结构,因顶煤厚度增加,顶板内层锚固结构存在由“梁”向“拱”的转换;②基于顶煤厚度与支护构件相对关系,将顶板锚固结构划分为薄顶煤的“叠加梁-拱”、厚顶煤的“组合梁-拱”和特厚顶煤的“组合拱”,建立了厚煤梁由“梁”向“拱”转化的临界厚度指标;③顶板锚固梁结构和锚固拱结构的冲击失稳机制为动静载荷下分别达到其拉伸、剪切强度极限后破坏,锚固“梁-拱”结构对冲击载荷的放大效应受其尺寸影响明显;④特厚顶煤的“组合拱”结构中内层拱承载强度较低,可增加锚杆长度提升内层拱厚,对应的“组合拱”结构的承载能力上升明显,与抗冲能力评估结果相符。

侵害品种权法定赔偿数额的司法决策因素检视及因应

品种创新是种业振兴的关键,识别侵害品种权法定赔偿的司法决策因素,以提高品种权司法保护水平,进而激励育种创新,实有必要。以2002-2023年侵害品种权适用法定赔偿的案例为样本,分析其时空特征,建立多元回归模型,探究法定赔偿数额的参考因素与影响因素。结果表明:侵害品种权法定赔偿适用“泛化”且判赔额较低,提高法定赔偿上限的立法举措效果甚微;法定赔偿参考因素缺乏量化标准,维权合理开支定位不清;锚定效应、审判经验等因素对司法决策影响显著。为提高品种权司法保护质效,建议采取如下措施:通过严格适用法定赔偿,消除举证责任障碍,降低证明标准,以克服法定赔偿“泛化”适用;通过确立赔偿数额计算标准和规则,另行计赔维权合理开支,以避免裁判的主观性;通过提高司法决策信息质量,提升法官素养,提供司法决策空间,以减少锚定效应,保证裁判的公平性。

观众效应对直播间消费行为的作用机制研究

运用直播平台数据,分析观众效应对直播间消费行为的作用机制,探讨主播身份和粉丝结构在其中的调节作用。研究表明:①观众效应对于主播奖励收入和销售收入均存在显著的正向作用,在有他人真实临场或虚拟临场的情境下,消费者的在线购买决策容易被激发。②当主播身份为网红明星时,观众效应对于主播奖励收入的正向作用会增强;当主播身份为意见领袖时,观众效应对于主播销售收入的正向作用也会增强。③粉丝群体在直播间承担着重要作用,在粉丝结构中,新粉丝占比较高时,观众效应对于主播销售收入的正向作用会增强。

金属预埋吊件的拉拔力学性能试验研究

为研究金属预埋吊件(简称预埋吊件)的拉拔力学性能和破坏机制,考虑无边距和有边距效应的影响,研发了一套拉拔加载装置,设计并完成了预埋吊件混凝土试件的拉拔试验。其中无边距影响的预埋吊件混凝土试件采用了5种预埋吊件,有边距影响的预埋吊件混凝土试件采用了3种预埋吊件,并运用ABAQUS模拟无边距影响的试件拉拔试验进行验证。结果表明:无边距影响的预埋吊件中销栓型预埋套筒、锚杆型内螺纹套筒以及锚筋型内螺纹套筒发生了预埋吊件拉断破坏,双头预埋吊杆试件发生了劈裂破坏,锚板型预埋套筒发生了理想的混凝土锥体破坏;有边距影响的混凝土预埋吊件均发生混凝土锥体破坏。

深基坑新型张拉嵌入复合排水型锚固结构支护特性数值仿真分析

传统锚固结构很难满足软土地区深基坑工程工期紧、支护效果要求高的需求,对此提出张拉嵌入复合排水型锚固结构。通过分析新型支护结构的锚固机制得出:在基坑开挖过程中锚杆受力分为预张拉、端阻力递增和锚固作用失效3个阶段;给出了新型锚杆承载力计算方法;采用有限元软件模拟分析了新型结构的支护效果和排水特性。结果表明:新型锚杆轴力分布与普通锚杆不同,在预张拉锚头位置轴力出现陡增;相比于普通锚杆,新型锚固结构支护效果更好,能够使坡面最大水平位移减小37.2%,更有利于基坑稳定;新型锚固支护结构具有较好的排水效果,能够快速消散临空坡面附近的孔隙水压力。

四筋植筋混凝土结构偏心拉拔性能试验研究

为了研究多筋植筋混凝土结构的偏心拉拔性能,以偏心距、植筋间距为参数,设计2个四筋植筋混凝土结构轴心拉拔试验和5个四筋植筋混凝土结构偏心拉拔试验,分析偏心距、植筋间距对四筋植筋混凝土结构拉拔受力性能的影响。试验结果表明,所有四筋植筋混凝土结构试件均发生复合破坏。当其他条件相同时,随着偏心距增大,四筋植筋混凝土结构拉拔承载力减小。另外,在试验研究基础上,考虑偏心距、植筋间距、植筋边距、植筋深度的影响,建立了四筋植筋偏心拉拔承载力的计算模型和计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合良好,为四筋植筋混凝土结构的设计计算提供了技术依据。

人民币对“一带一路”沿线国家锚效应的实证研究

文章基于修正的二阶段Frankel-Wei模型,在其第二阶段回归分析中构建时变参数状态空间模型,对人民币及其他主要世界货币对“一带一路”沿线国家的货币锚效应进行样本期的分段动态检验、对比分析。根据检验结果,从中国自身和中国同沿线国家关系两个层面遴选指标变量,并构建二阶段Heckman模型研究人民币对“一带一路”沿线国家整体及“一带”沿线和“一路”沿线两个区域货币锚效应的影响因素。研究结果显示:人民币对沿线国家的货币锚效应已超过英镑,和日元基本相当,但和美元、欧元之间尚有较大的差距;目前,人民币对“一路”沿线的锚效应整体高于“一带”沿线国家;虽然人民币对沿线国家的锚效应水平不高且并不稳定,但在“一带一路”倡议提出并实施以来,其产生显著锚效应的沿线国家数量有较多的增加;且在沿线国家中,产生显著锚效应的区域也已逐渐形成。人民币对“一带一路”沿线货币锚效应影响因素的检验结果显示:无论是“一带一路”沿线整体还是“一带”沿线及“一路”沿线两个区域,在是否选择锚定人民币及已锚定人民币的国家中,人民币锚效应大小的影响因素均存在一定的差异。据此,文章进一步探讨未来该如何进一步提升人民币对沿线国家的货币锚效应。

框架预应力锚杆支护边坡稳定性及锚固参数灵敏度分析

灵敏度分析对于解决土木工程中众多参数的辨识问题具有重要作用。为了研究框架预应力锚杆支护边坡锚固参数对土质边坡在动力作用下稳定性安全系数的影响以及锚固参数对安全系数灵敏度的影响,采用GeoStudio有限元软件建立黄土地区框架预应力锚杆支护边坡的计算模型,并通过采用全局差分法建立灵敏度近似计算的分析模型,用以研究各锚固参数与灵敏度之间的关系。结果表明:每一个支护参数都有一个最佳水平,可以使安全系数达到最高值;锚固参数对灵敏度的影响大小依次为锚杆水平倾角、水平间距、竖向间距以及锚杆长度。分析结果可为框架预应力锚杆支护结构的优化设计提供参考。

伞型锚-注浆体协同锚固作用的试验研究

伞型锚可用于对土质边坡进行快速锚固,张拉后通过注浆即可对锚杆做防腐处理,同时通过研究伞型锚-注浆体的变形受力特性,还可实现二者锚固作用的叠加,有助于锚固体系加固效果的充分发挥,这方面的相关研究目前还较少。为了研究伞型锚-注浆体协同锚固作用的控制方法,在土坡中开展了不同有效长度常规注浆锚杆、非注浆伞型锚和注浆伞型锚的拉拔试验。结果表明:常规注浆锚杆在浆-土界面剪切破坏条件下的极限锚固力随注浆体长度增加呈现近似线性增长趋势;不注浆条件下深埋伞型锚锚固力随位移增加呈现先快速增长、后趋向于稳定的变化特征;注浆条件下,通过将注浆体与伞型锚锚杆隔离,将注浆体受力模式由受拉转变为受压,并采用循环张拉消除伞型锚锚固力增长过程中产生的塑性位移,实现了注浆体与伞型锚的位移协调,通过现场破坏试验验证了伞型锚与注浆体锚固力叠加协同控制方法的有效性。通过对伞型锚与注浆体锚固作用的协同控制,可进一步提高伞型锚在边坡永久加固修复工程应用中的经济效益。