Roles and Functions of Tourism Destinations in Tourism Region of South Anhui:A Tourist Flow Network Perspective

Theoretic and practical significance has been highlighted in the research of the roles and functions of destinations,as destinations are restricted by the spatial structure based on tourist flow network from the perspective of relationship.This article conducted an empirical analysis for Tourism Region of South Anhui(TRSA) and revealed the necessity and feasibility of studying the roles and functions of destinations from tourist flow network's perspective.The automorphic equivalence analysis and centrality analysis were used to classify 16 destinations in TRSA into six role types:tourist flow distribution center,hub of tourist flows,passageway destination,common touring destination,attached touring destination,and nearly isolated destination.Some suggestions were given on suitable infrastructure construction and destinations service designs according to their functions in network.This destination role positioning was based on tourist flow network structure in integral and macroscopic way.It provided an important reference for the balanced and harmonious development of all the destinations of TRSA.In addition,this article verified the applicability of social network analysis on tourist flow research in local scale,and expanded this method to destination role and function positioning.

Valuation of debris flow mitigation measures in tourist towns:a case study on Hongchun gully in southwest China

The estimation of the value on the engineering project in tourist towns is usually very challenging and controversial. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the economic value of the debris flow control engineering in tourist towns by integrating both welfare and disaster economics. The total value of debris flow prevention and control engineering in tourist towns(VDFE) includes investment cost(IC), disaster mitigation benefit(DMB), and loss of brand value(LBV). Here DMB is assessed by the cost-benefit method. The LBV is estimated by incorporating brand equity and costbenefit methods. The engineering for debris flow control in the Hongchun Gully of southwest China was built to protect Yingxiu tourist town and was assessed as an example. The IC for the engineering is180 million RMB, however, the VDFE reaches as high as 3401 million RMB, of which the LBV is 169 million RMB, and the input-output ratio is 1:18. Thus, the LBV cannot be neglected in case of VDFE estimation process. The more developed the tourism in one town or city is, the greater the LBV and the higher the VDFE are.

Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT) for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park,SW Poland

National parks are highly valuable natural areas and have the potential to attract a large number of visitors.The number of visitors at national parks is systematically increasing,often exceeding Tourism Carrying Capacity(TCC)of trails.This situation requires adjusting the number of park visitors to adapt to sustainable management systems of visitor flow,thus preventing or counteracting overtourism.The aim of the study is to propose a comprehensive method for tourists monitoring in mid-mountain national park presented on the example of the Sto?owe Mountains National Park(SMNP)in Poland,called as Monitoring System of tourist traffic(MSTT).The study describes six stages procedure of tourists Monitoring System creation and application as an optimal measurement technique.The MSTT enabled a multidimensional analysis of tourist traffic in SMNP.With the help of 39 pyroelectric sensors and surveys data spatio-temporal characteristic of visitor flow was obtained.The data generated in MSTT included hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,and annual reports,taking into account the direction of traffic measuring both directions:entries(IN),exits(OUT)and passages(IN+OUT).The results from pyroelectric sensors were supplemented with field surveys,where visitor’s motivations,preferences,and behaviours were determined.In 2017 a total of 871,344 visitors were recorded in SMNP what causes one of the most popular national parks in Poland.The SMNP is a suitable destination for short breaks leisure visits in wilderness.In order to sustain MSTT methodology in the long-run the set of guidelines together with the workload estimates were presented.In the future,the MSTT can be further developed,including monitoring of climbing,cycling,cross-country skiing,car traffic and illegal tourism assessment.The MSTT can be considered as a useful tool for tourism management in mid-mountain national parks throughout the entire calendar year.

A study on the spatial flow intensity of overseas travelers in tourist hotspots of China──taking Beijing as an example

Through practical sampling survey for the overseas travelers in the 12 tourist hotspot cities of China, the analytical results of database of the spatial changes for overseas travelers have been established with the help of the software Visual FoxPro. The New concepts such as transferring state, which can be used to study the spatial flow intensity of travelers. is first put forward By analyzing the statistical results, the spatial flow intensity of 12 tourist hotspot cities in China for overseas travelers has been probed At last, a practical research of spatial flow intensity for overseas tourists is carried out in Beijing──the of tourist hotspots of China

Correlation analysis of climate comfort degree of tourism and annual variation of tourist flow in Tai’an, Shandong province

The tourism climate comfort degree can directly affect the trip of tourists,and can determine the length of the tourist season and the development of the tourist projects.In order to explore the relationship between the climate comfort degree and the annual variation of tourist flow combined with 1981-2010 climate related data,this paper analyzes the comfort degree of tourism climate in Tai’an,the annual change divide tourist season into high season,shoulder season and off-season.With regression analysis,the correlation between tourism climate comfort degree and annual variation of passenger flow is analyzed.The final result is as follows:As for Tai’an,in May and September the rank of humiditytemperature index(THI)is A,with the most pleasant climate,the most suitable for tourism activities.In April,August and October the rank of THI is B or b,represented as suitable climate,suitable for tourism activities.In June and July,the climate is hot,with a low tourism suitability grade,In February,March and November,the climate is cold,with a poor tourism suitability grade.In January and December the climate is frigid,not suitable for tourism activities.The final conclusion is below:the tourist traffic variation within the year is mainly affected by climate comfort effect.The elastic coefficient is 0.927%.In addition,the tourist traffic variation within the year is also affected by the summer vacation,the Golden Week and the impact of preferential policies.All the above provide a scientific basis for the prediction of Tai’an’s tourist flow in a year,the development of tourism and tourist scenic management.

A system-integrated approach for the design of tourist areas at the local level under changing conditions:A case study in the Altay Mountains

The existing approaches for the design of tourist areas often lead to limited flexibility in project implementation.To realize a more flexible approach,in this study,we formulated a model for planning and designing tourist areas at the local level.Moreover,specific tools for analyzing tourist areas and ensuring sustainable development under changing conditions were developed.This study was conducted in two tourist regions,Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex and Belokurikha destination(including Belokurikha City with Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex and surrounding areas),in the Altay Mountains.We employed the recreation opportunity spectrum and proposed a system-integrated programming approach for the design of tourist areas at the destination and site levels.The key of this approach was the collection and analysis of current spatial data,including the spatial distribution of attractions and visitor flows.We constructed heat maps using video recording and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)observation data.Moreover,we analyzed the video stream using an image-analyzing framework You Only Look Once(YOLO)v5 software.The heat map of visitor flows based on video recording data in the Andreevskaya Sloboda museum of Belokurikha 2 Gornaya tourist complex allowed us to highlight the most attractive sites in this area and classify them into one of three types:points of functional concentration,points of transitional concentration,and points of attractions.The heat maps in Biryuzovaya Katun tourist complex,created using UAV observation data,allowed us to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of visitor flows and tourists’preferences throughout the day within four time intervals:09:00-12:00,13:00-14:00,14:00-15:00,and 16:00-18:00(LST).The maximum visitor flow density occurred from 16:00 to 18:00 in the beach area of the artificial lake.A comparison between the visitor-concentrated sites and the current facilities provided insights into the demand for attractions and facilities and the lacking areas.Heat maps are useful in analyzing the land use at the site level,while zoning based on the recreation opportunity spectrum can be used to design tourist areas at the destination level.The proposed methods for analyzing the use of tourist areas contribute to the development of adaptive tourism design.

遗产地旅游者Flow体验影响因素模型构建与机理——以斯里兰卡为例

基于积极心理学领域Flow体验理论,以斯里兰卡8处世界遗产地为例,借助扎根理论质性研究方法对访谈文本资料进行3级编码分析,抽离出"旅游者技能与遗产地挑战之间的平衡"这一核心范畴,围绕这一"平衡"主脉络,依托主范畴映射下的"技能""挑战"介质,构建出旅游者遗产地Flow体验影响因素模型。结论显示:旅游者心理活动特征、社会属性与准备构成主体"技能"要素,而遗产地整体环境、资源及开发状况构成客体"挑战"要素,主客要素的适度平衡与互融折射出如何获取遗产地最佳的体验质量与意义。最后,研究基于现象学角度的视角,从过程、机理解读了遗产地旅游者"自我"溯源转化为终极幸福情感体验的程式,"以主映客",希冀为遗产地旅游的可持续发展提供借鉴。

Flow Experience Study of Eco-tourists: A Case Study of Hunan Daweishan Mountain Ski Area

Mountain skiing has become a popular winter ecotourism activity in China. Studying the loyalty of eco-tourists from the perspective of tourist experience is important to the continued development of mountain ski tourism. Based on the flow experience theory, we developed and tested a structural equation model to examine relationships among flow experience, positive emotions and the loyalty of eco-tourists. Survey data from 324 eco-tourists with skiing experience at Daweishan Mountain Ski Resort was used for exploratory factor, confirmatory factor and path analyses. Results revealed five dimensions of flow experiences of eco-tourists： Concentration on task at hand, Loss of self-consciousness, Transformation of time, Autotelic experience, and Challenge-skill balance. As hypothesized, influences of Transformation of time, Autotelic experience and Challenge-skill balance on positive emotions were significant and positive. Concentration on task at hand, Autotelic experience, Challenge-skill balance and positive emotions positively influenced the loyalty of eco-tourists. Suggestions for developing ecotourism products are discussed such as designing a conductive environment to activate flow experience, providing personalized service to promote positive emotion, and developing experiential tourism activities.

旅游虚拟社区用户心流体验对价值共创的影响研究

旅游虚拟社区是用户实现分享旅游经历、获取旅游资讯和寻找出游同伴等功能的重要平台,也是企业实现精准营销的重要手段。企业和用户在虚拟社区共同投入、共同产出价值的过程称为价值共创。心流体验作为完全投入和集中注意力的积极心理状态,会影响用户与企业的契合程度,进而影响企业与用户之间的价值共创。文章通过对旅游虚拟社区用户数据进行采集与实证分析,揭示了用户心流体验对价值共创的影响机制。结果表明:内部动机和外部动机对用户产生的积极心理状态有显著正向影响;用户的积极心理状态及其与企业的契合程度对价值共创均有积极影响,且顾客与企业的契合程度在心流体验和价值共创过程中起部分中介作用。据此,文章提出了旅游虚拟社区企业可以通过提升用户参与动机,激发用户积极心理状态,强化顾客与企业之间密切关系,推动价值共创持续发展,实现引流交易和精准营销等管理启示。

“流空间-场所空间”视角下长征国家文化公园区域文化景观体系构建

【目的】构建区域文化景观体系,并探讨旅游流空间与场所空间的相互作用关系,以指导长征国家文化公园区域主题展示区的空间组织模式优化。【方法】通过“流空间-场所空间”视角,提出区域文化景观体系的空间结构要素,并运用社会网络分析识别区域旅游流网络结构特征。【结果】旅游流空间为场所空间提供感知需求,而场所空间为旅游流提供行为目标,这种相互作用关系体现了区域文化景观体系的空间结构的功能与价值两大特征;可通过“流—网—链—域—场—点”6个空间结构要素构建区域文化景观体系,并应用“斑块—廊道—节点”模式划定区域主题展示区;长征国家文化公园延安段可划分出6个主题展示区,其中甘泉县包含1个重点展示园、1条集中展示带和2个特色展示点。【结论】在“流空间-场所空间”视角下,区域文化景观体系构建要进一步挖掘区域性特征,而区域主题展示区的空间组织模式应综合考虑供需两侧的现实需求。这些发现为区域文化景观空间功能的研究提供了理论视角与体系结构,可对长征国家文化公园的具体建设提供直接支持。

喀斯特旅游地虚拟旅游体验对实地旅游意愿的影响-以武隆喀斯特旅游区为例

文章以重庆市武隆喀斯特旅游区为例,采用游客问卷调查数据和结构方程模型,分析游客在喀斯特旅游区虚拟旅游体验后产生的心流体验以及对实地旅游意愿的影响。结果表明:喀斯特旅游地虚拟旅游体验对游客的注意力集中度、远程呈现、时间感的变化和实地旅游意愿均产生显著正向影响,注意力集中度发挥部分中介作用。建议武隆喀斯特旅游区加强以下建设:优化虚拟应用技术,营造更真实的虚拟旅游体验情境;提供全面优质的旅游信息,减少游客信息收集成本;扩大虚拟旅游宣传,赢得更多潜在游客。

城市旅游景区游客流动时空动态与溢出效应以贵阳市为例

溢出效应是认知旅游景区空间关系的重要内容,但已有研究对旅游景区溢出效应的异质性探讨稍显不足。文章以贵阳市旅游景区为研究对象,借助经验模态分解、马尔科夫链和空间计量模型等研究方法,在分析游客流动时空动态特征的基础上,探讨旅游景区的溢出效应及其异质性。结果表明:(1)时间维度上,游客流量呈现较为明显的高频周期性震荡特征,流量峰值集中在7月至9月,与9个月的波动周期大致吻合,避暑旅游的季节性特征较为明显;(2)空间维度上,旅游景区间游客流动呈现较为明显的空间锁定与依赖效应,流动网络表现出典型的“小世界网络”特征;(3)旅游景区之间呈现显著的溢出效应,溢出效应的异质性也较为明显,其溢出方向和强度与景区等级、地理区位等关系密切,呈现邻近溢出、等级溢出和区位溢出3种旅游景区溢出模式。

基于网络游记的桂林旅游流网络结构研究

旅游流网络结构可以反映游客在旅游目的地的移动特征,关系到区域旅游协同发展。为了识别旅游流的网络结构特征,运用空间分析、社会网络分析等方法,基于网络游记对桂林旅游流进行探讨。研究表明:游客在桂林主要旅行景点呈“大分散,小聚集”的空间分布格局,桂林整体旅游流网络密度较低,存在典型的核心-边缘特征,核心区景点对边缘区景点影响有限,凝聚子群在桂林中心城区和阳朔县呈现集聚态势。漓江景区、龙脊梯田、象鼻山景区、两江四湖、兴坪古镇、西街、相公山7个景点在节点中心性和结构洞分析中优势明显,综合实力强,在旅游流网络中处于重要地位。

基于微博签到的云南旅游客流时空分布

基于新浪微博签到数据,应用时间分层法和核密度空间分析法,对云南旅游客流热点区域进行时空分布研究。研究结果表明,在时间分布上,云南省旅游景点年内客流呈现“一峰多岭”的分布特征,在不同时段表现出明显的“反季节性”、“相似性”、“对称性”变化特征;季节客流则呈现出秋季>夏季>春季>冬季的变化趋势,其中7月和10月为旅游高峰月份;日内客流变化的最高峰和最低谷均出现在夜间时段。空间分布上,云南省旅游景点客流量总体上呈现出“多核多中心”,向高级旅游景区集聚的特征。

基于IMPA-RELM的旅游景点客流量预测研究

旅游景点客流量预测是旅游管理领域的重要研究问题,关乎着旅游政策制定和旅游景区经营管理。提出了一种基于改进海洋捕食者算法优化正则化极限学习机的旅游景点客流量预测方法。首先,为自适应地平衡探索与开发状态,提出一种基于群体多样性和群体聚集度的海洋捕食者算法,充分发挥MPA算法探索与开发性能。其次,将改进的海洋捕食者算法用于优化正则化极限学习机(IMPA-RELM)的权重与偏置,以归一化均方根误差作为适应度函数,确定最佳权重和偏置参数。最后,将所构建的IMPA-RELM模型应用于九寨沟和查干湖景区单日客流量预测研究。实验结果表明,所提出的IMPA-RELM模型不仅显著提升了RELM的模型性能,相比于LS-SVM、BPNN和LSTM等基线模型,也具有更强的预测性能与泛化能力,能够为景区运营管理和旅游政策制定提供重要参考。

景区间旅游客流网络形成的内-外生机制分析--基于加权指数随机图模型

景区间旅游客流网络的形成机制是旅游流网络研究的重要问题。已有研究主要识别了旅游客流网络形成的外生机制,而对网络内生机制缺乏研究,文章旨在更全面地揭示景区间旅游客流网络形成的内-外生机制。文章选择四川省为案例地,基于旅游社交平台的游记数据构建了景区间旅游客流的有向加权网络,通过引入加权指数随机图模型,定量模拟并识别了影响该网络形成的内-外生机制。1)四川省景区间旅游客流网络为稀疏网络、无标度网络,但不具备小世界特性;核心的景区节点和网络连边大多集中在成都市。2)该网络的形成是内-外生机制协同作用的结果,内生机制表现为网络内生结构效应,外生机制包括景区属性效应和外部情境效应。3)作为内生机制的互惠机制和择优链接机制促进了该网络中联系的形成;外生机制方面,在线评论分数、景区等级同质性、景区类型同质性、地理邻近性、组织邻近性均会显著影响该网络中联系的形成。

深度神经网络模型在景区人群流量预测中的应用

随着旅游业的发展,对景区人群流量的精准预测已成为提高游客体验和优化景区运营的关键。传统方法在应对复杂多变的实际情况时显得力不从心,深度神经网络(Deep Neural Networks,DNN)凭借其强大的数据处理能力和模式识别能力,提供了一种有效的解决方案。本文探讨了DNN模型在景区人群流量预测中的应用,通过构建和优化预测模型,旨在提高预测精度,为景区管理者提供决策支持。

中国国内旅游流空间场效应分析

从空间场效应的角度采用因子分析法,利用1999-2003年中国国内旅游抽样调查资料,分析国内旅游流的产生、分配、集聚、扩散的基本特征以及旅游流空间网络的相关性。结果表明:(1)经济是旅游流产生的主要驱动力,旅游资源是旅游流空间分配的主要驱动力; 目前国内已形成4大旅游流产生地和5大旅游流集聚地;(2)旅游集聚场与扩散场的等级结构受市场原则作用,表现为K=3序列的空间模式;(3)旅游集聚场地域结构呈"U"型特征,而旅游扩散场呈"三级阶梯"状格局;(4)β、γ指数揭示旅游流空间网络相关性较差。今后加快长江、黄河流域旅游带以及南部沿海、北部沿海和东北旅游区等"二带三区"的旅游网络化建设,是我国推进区域旅游合作的主要方向和重点区域,是实现旅游流空间流向合理调整与流量结构优化的关键。

基于“推—拉”理论的美国旅游者旅华流动影响因素研究

"推—拉"理论是研究人口流动的一种基础理论,可以有效地解释游客流动。本文从推—拉理论的视角,运用因子分析、单因素方差分析和皮尔逊相关分析等方法对美国来华旅游者的流动影响因素进行研究,得到的主要结论有:(1)明确了美国来华旅游者推力维度和拉力维度的各个因子;(2)检测了推拉维度的各因子受社会人口统计学变量的影响;(3)测度了推拉维度各因子之间的相互关联性及影响因素。研究成果对指导我国针对主要入境旅游客源国进行的产品开发和市场营销具有一定的实践价值,同时也拓展了对影响旅游流流动各因素之间关系研究的范畴。

旅游流空间模式基本理论:问题分析及其展望

旅游流是旅游地理学的基本问题,而旅游流空间模式的研究,自20世纪50年代以来则是旅游流研究的热点问题。通过文献分析法,本文将旅游流空间模式基本理论梳理为圈层结构理论、核心边缘理论、空间扩散理论。在此基础上,揭示其存在的若干问题,包括研究中存在的"区域视角"和"旅游者个体视角"混淆的认知问题、旅游客源地和旅游目的地在区域视角下如何界定的问题、空间模式研究中广泛存在的"二元陷阱"问题、区域间旅游职能分化及其分化程度尚无科学分析的问题等。文末对未来研究进行了展望,以期从理论意义上深化旅游流基本问题的建构。需指出的是,旅游流作为"非工作流"的一种,其"流现象"、"流空间"和"流效应"同样可适用于其它形式的"流研究"。