Skyrmion bags are spin structures with arbitrary topological charges, each of which is composed of a big skyrmion and several small skyrmions. In this work, by using an in-plane alternating current(AC) magnetic field,...Skyrmion bags are spin structures with arbitrary topological charges, each of which is composed of a big skyrmion and several small skyrmions. In this work, by using an in-plane alternating current(AC) magnetic field, we investigate the spinwave modes of skyrmion bags, which behave differently from the clockwise(CW) rotation mode and the counterclockwise(CCW) rotation mode of skyrmions because of their complex spin topological structures. The in-plane excitation power spectral density shows that each skyrmion bag possesses four resonance frequencies. By further studying the spin dynamics of a skyrmion bag at each resonance frequency, the four spin-wave modes, i.e., a CCW-CW mode, two CW-breathing modes with different resonance strengths, and an inner CCW mode, appear as a composition mode of outer skyrmion–inner skyrmions. Our results are helpful in understanding the in-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags, which may contribute to the characterization and detection of skyrmion bags, as well as the applications in logic devices.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of bag culture in production of facility vegetables. [Method] The effects of different previous crops and bag colors on the growt...[Objective] This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of bag culture in production of facility vegetables. [Method] The effects of different previous crops and bag colors on the growth and development, yield and quality of tomato were investigated under the condition of substrate bag culture. [Result] The plant growth of tomato cultivated in bag was close to that of the tomato growing in soil. Under the condition of substrate bag culture, the yield of tomato was increased by as high as 4%, the irrigation water was saved by 39.6%, the fertilizer for drip irrigation was saved by 77.5%, the vitamin C content and the flavor of tomato were improved, and the content of nitrate in tomato was reduced compared with soil cultivation. [Conclusion] Substrate bag culture of tomato could achieve better economic benefits.展开更多
With Hongli Feicheng Peach as the test material, the effects of bagging with 4 kinds of paper bags and 3 kinds of non-woven bags on the soluble sugar, organic acids and aroma compounds in peach fruits were investigate...With Hongli Feicheng Peach as the test material, the effects of bagging with 4 kinds of paper bags and 3 kinds of non-woven bags on the soluble sugar, organic acids and aroma compounds in peach fruits were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） combined with gas chromatogra- phy-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results showed that there were significant differences in sugar and acids contents of peach fruits between different bagging treatments. The sugar con- tent of peach fruits was increased when bagged with single-layer inner-black outer- yellow paper bags and double-layer inner-white outer-yellow paper bags. The organ- ic acid content in peach fruits bagged with all the types of bags except the single- layer inner-black outer-yellow paper bag was increased greatly. The count and rela- tive content of aroma compounds were all decreased after bagging. Combined with the detection results of soluble sugar, organic acids and aroma compounds, the sin- gle-layer inner-black outer-yellow paper bag was suitable for bagging of Hongli Fe- icheng peach.展开更多
风电功率预测对电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对多风电场的超短期概率预测问题,提出了一种基于Bagging混合策略和核密度估计(kernel density estimation,KDE)的稀疏向量自回归预测方法。首先通过时间序列分解和余项自举,生成...风电功率预测对电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对多风电场的超短期概率预测问题,提出了一种基于Bagging混合策略和核密度估计(kernel density estimation,KDE)的稀疏向量自回归预测方法。首先通过时间序列分解和余项自举,生成若干自举时间序列。对于每个时间序列,采用向量自回归(vector autoregression,VAR)模型进行预测。针对传统模型在风场数量较多时容易出现的过拟合问题,采用稀疏向量自回归模型,筛选最有效的回归系数,得到稀疏系数矩阵。每个时间序列训练的预测模型分别产生点预测结果,对于多重点预测结果,使用KDE方法产生概率密度的预测结果。在真实风电集群数据上,验证所提多场站概率预测方法的有效性,采用分位数得分评估概率预测精度。相关实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高概率预测精度。展开更多
This study investigated the influence of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on the free volatile compound development of Kyoho grape berries from green to harvest.Seven functional groups of volatiles were identified ...This study investigated the influence of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on the free volatile compound development of Kyoho grape berries from green to harvest.Seven functional groups of volatiles were identified during the development of Kyoho grape berries including esters,aldehydes,alcohols,terpenes,ketones,acids,and hydrocarbons.Esters and aldehydes were abundant in Kyoho grape berries,mainly represented by ethyl acetate,ethyl butyrate,and(E)-2-hexenal.They accumulated quickly after veraison and slightly decreased toward maturation.Red,green,blue,and white paper bags promoted the accumulation of esters and inhibited the accumulation of aldehydes,also inhibited the accumulation of alcohols,tepenes,ketones,and acids.Their effect from strong to weak was green,blue,red,and white paper bags.The expression profiles of genes in the lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase(LOX-HPL) pathway were also analyzed and the results indicated that the regulation of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on aldehydes,alcohols,and esters volatile aromas was at transcriptional level.The results expanded our comprehension in grape aroma biosynthesis and berry bagging technique in table grape cultivation.展开更多
Nowadays, most available information on the degradative behaviour of feeds in ruminants is based on in situ incubation in the rumen, and it is adopted by many feed evaluation systems currently in use for ruminants. Ho...Nowadays, most available information on the degradative behaviour of feeds in ruminants is based on in situ incubation in the rumen, and it is adopted by many feed evaluation systems currently in use for ruminants. However, the outcome of.this technique might be affected by many factors such as sequence of nylon bags incubation in the rumen. The objective of current study was to investigate effects of sequence of nylon bag incubation on degradative behavior of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） in some feed ingredients commonly used in dairy rations, including alfalfa haylage, corn silage, corn grain and soybean meal. Four multiparous Holstein lactating cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used. The nylon bags containing feed samples either were placed in the rumen at once and removed at designated time intervals （all in-gradually out method; AG） or were placed in the rumen at designated time points and retrieved at once （gradually in-all out method; GA）. Fractional rate of degradation of potentially degradable fraction, lag time and effective rumen degradability （ED） of DM and CP were significantly higher in the AG compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Fractional rates of DM and CP degradation was higher in alfalfa haylage samples incubated in the rumen using the AG method compared to that using the GA method （0.138 h-1 vs. 0.073 h-1 and 0.002 h-1 vs. 0.1125 h-1, for DM and CP, respectively; P〈0.05）. Due to a higher fractional rate of degradation （Kd） of DM and CP, the ED of DM and CP at different fractional passage rates were higher in the AG than those in the GA method （P〈0.05）. Potentially degradable fraction and lag time of NDF were higher in the AG method compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Placing all bags in the rumen at once and removing them at designated time intervals compared with introduction of bags in reverse sequence and removing them all at once led to a lower undegradable fraction （U） of NDF in alfalfa （1.8% vs. 4.0%, respectively; P〈0.05） and corn silage （3.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively; P〈0.05） samples. Potentially degradable fraction of ADF was significantly higher in the AG method compared with the GA method （P〈0.05）. Bag incubation sequence had profound effects on kinetics of degradation of DM, CP and NDF in situ in the feed samples studied. The effects were more evident in the forages （especially alfalfa haylage） than in the concentrate ingredientsnamely corn grain and soybean meal..This experiment is the first time to investigate effects of two methods under the same experiment conditions, providing basic data for the determination of ED.展开更多
Packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbent nonwoven fabrics were prepared in order to design a kind of functional bag which could prevent the contamination of aflatoxin B1of peanuts. The intern...Packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbent nonwoven fabrics were prepared in order to design a kind of functional bag which could prevent the contamination of aflatoxin B1of peanuts. The internal relative humidity( RH) of packaging bags with peanuts was monitored. The influences of the superabsorbent fiber( SAF) and jute fiber were investigated and the mechanism was analyzed.展开更多
The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic...The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12104124 and 12274111)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. A2021201001 and A2021201008)+4 种基金the Central Guidance Fund on the Local Science and Technology Development of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 236Z0601G)the Post-graduate’s Innovation Fund Project of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. CXZZSS2023007)the Advanced Talents Incubation Program of the Hebei University, China (Grant Nos. 521000981395, 521000981423, 521000981394, and 521000981390)the Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Science and technology, China (Grant No. ckrc2019017)the High-Performance Computing Center of Hebei University, China。
文摘Skyrmion bags are spin structures with arbitrary topological charges, each of which is composed of a big skyrmion and several small skyrmions. In this work, by using an in-plane alternating current(AC) magnetic field, we investigate the spinwave modes of skyrmion bags, which behave differently from the clockwise(CW) rotation mode and the counterclockwise(CCW) rotation mode of skyrmions because of their complex spin topological structures. The in-plane excitation power spectral density shows that each skyrmion bag possesses four resonance frequencies. By further studying the spin dynamics of a skyrmion bag at each resonance frequency, the four spin-wave modes, i.e., a CCW-CW mode, two CW-breathing modes with different resonance strengths, and an inner CCW mode, appear as a composition mode of outer skyrmion–inner skyrmions. Our results are helpful in understanding the in-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags, which may contribute to the characterization and detection of skyrmion bags, as well as the applications in logic devices.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of bag culture in production of facility vegetables. [Method] The effects of different previous crops and bag colors on the growth and development, yield and quality of tomato were investigated under the condition of substrate bag culture. [Result] The plant growth of tomato cultivated in bag was close to that of the tomato growing in soil. Under the condition of substrate bag culture, the yield of tomato was increased by as high as 4%, the irrigation water was saved by 39.6%, the fertilizer for drip irrigation was saved by 77.5%, the vitamin C content and the flavor of tomato were improved, and the content of nitrate in tomato was reduced compared with soil cultivation. [Conclusion] Substrate bag culture of tomato could achieve better economic benefits.
基金Supported by National Peach Industrial Technology System(CARS-31-Z-09)Project for Research on Quality and Efficiency Improvement and Standardized Key Production Technology of Excellent and Special Fruit in Shandong Province(2014CXZ04-1)+1 种基金National Rural Areas Project Application in the 12~(th) Five-Year Period(2013BAD02B03)Key Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultura Sciences(2014CXZ11-4)~~
文摘With Hongli Feicheng Peach as the test material, the effects of bagging with 4 kinds of paper bags and 3 kinds of non-woven bags on the soluble sugar, organic acids and aroma compounds in peach fruits were investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） combined with gas chromatogra- phy-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The results showed that there were significant differences in sugar and acids contents of peach fruits between different bagging treatments. The sugar con- tent of peach fruits was increased when bagged with single-layer inner-black outer- yellow paper bags and double-layer inner-white outer-yellow paper bags. The organ- ic acid content in peach fruits bagged with all the types of bags except the single- layer inner-black outer-yellow paper bag was increased greatly. The count and rela- tive content of aroma compounds were all decreased after bagging. Combined with the detection results of soluble sugar, organic acids and aroma compounds, the sin- gle-layer inner-black outer-yellow paper bag was suitable for bagging of Hongli Fe- icheng peach.
文摘风电功率预测对电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。针对多风电场的超短期概率预测问题,提出了一种基于Bagging混合策略和核密度估计(kernel density estimation,KDE)的稀疏向量自回归预测方法。首先通过时间序列分解和余项自举,生成若干自举时间序列。对于每个时间序列,采用向量自回归(vector autoregression,VAR)模型进行预测。针对传统模型在风场数量较多时容易出现的过拟合问题,采用稀疏向量自回归模型,筛选最有效的回归系数,得到稀疏系数矩阵。每个时间序列训练的预测模型分别产生点预测结果,对于多重点预测结果,使用KDE方法产生概率密度的预测结果。在真实风电集群数据上,验证所提多场站概率预测方法的有效性,采用分位数得分评估概率预测精度。相关实验结果表明,该方法可以有效提高概率预测精度。
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-30)the Introduction of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Program Project,Ministry of Agriculture,China (948 Program,2011-G28)+1 种基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (2014BAD16B05)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ASTIP-2015-RIP-04)
文摘This study investigated the influence of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on the free volatile compound development of Kyoho grape berries from green to harvest.Seven functional groups of volatiles were identified during the development of Kyoho grape berries including esters,aldehydes,alcohols,terpenes,ketones,acids,and hydrocarbons.Esters and aldehydes were abundant in Kyoho grape berries,mainly represented by ethyl acetate,ethyl butyrate,and(E)-2-hexenal.They accumulated quickly after veraison and slightly decreased toward maturation.Red,green,blue,and white paper bags promoted the accumulation of esters and inhibited the accumulation of aldehydes,also inhibited the accumulation of alcohols,tepenes,ketones,and acids.Their effect from strong to weak was green,blue,red,and white paper bags.The expression profiles of genes in the lipoxygenase-hydroperoxide lyase(LOX-HPL) pathway were also analyzed and the results indicated that the regulation of red,green,blue,and white paper bags on aldehydes,alcohols,and esters volatile aromas was at transcriptional level.The results expanded our comprehension in grape aroma biosynthesis and berry bagging technique in table grape cultivation.
基金the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30901030,31372334)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2012BAD12B02)the Program for Beijing Excellent Talents,China(2013D009007000003)
文摘Nowadays, most available information on the degradative behaviour of feeds in ruminants is based on in situ incubation in the rumen, and it is adopted by many feed evaluation systems currently in use for ruminants. However, the outcome of.this technique might be affected by many factors such as sequence of nylon bags incubation in the rumen. The objective of current study was to investigate effects of sequence of nylon bag incubation on degradative behavior of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） in some feed ingredients commonly used in dairy rations, including alfalfa haylage, corn silage, corn grain and soybean meal. Four multiparous Holstein lactating cows fitted with permanent ruminal cannulas were used. The nylon bags containing feed samples either were placed in the rumen at once and removed at designated time intervals （all in-gradually out method; AG） or were placed in the rumen at designated time points and retrieved at once （gradually in-all out method; GA）. Fractional rate of degradation of potentially degradable fraction, lag time and effective rumen degradability （ED） of DM and CP were significantly higher in the AG compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Fractional rates of DM and CP degradation was higher in alfalfa haylage samples incubated in the rumen using the AG method compared to that using the GA method （0.138 h-1 vs. 0.073 h-1 and 0.002 h-1 vs. 0.1125 h-1, for DM and CP, respectively; P〈0.05）. Due to a higher fractional rate of degradation （Kd） of DM and CP, the ED of DM and CP at different fractional passage rates were higher in the AG than those in the GA method （P〈0.05）. Potentially degradable fraction and lag time of NDF were higher in the AG method compared to the GA method （P〈0.05）. Placing all bags in the rumen at once and removing them at designated time intervals compared with introduction of bags in reverse sequence and removing them all at once led to a lower undegradable fraction （U） of NDF in alfalfa （1.8% vs. 4.0%, respectively; P〈0.05） and corn silage （3.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively; P〈0.05） samples. Potentially degradable fraction of ADF was significantly higher in the AG method compared with the GA method （P〈0.05）. Bag incubation sequence had profound effects on kinetics of degradation of DM, CP and NDF in situ in the feed samples studied. The effects were more evident in the forages （especially alfalfa haylage） than in the concentrate ingredientsnamely corn grain and soybean meal..This experiment is the first time to investigate effects of two methods under the same experiment conditions, providing basic data for the determination of ED.
基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.11ZR1400900)the Students' Innovative Entrepreneurship Training Project"Research and Development of PM2.5 Filtration Materials"of China
文摘Packaging bags composited with barrier film and moisture absorbent nonwoven fabrics were prepared in order to design a kind of functional bag which could prevent the contamination of aflatoxin B1of peanuts. The internal relative humidity( RH) of packaging bags with peanuts was monitored. The influences of the superabsorbent fiber( SAF) and jute fiber were investigated and the mechanism was analyzed.
文摘The present study aims at environmental protection through the use of plastic wastes in the production of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of plastic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samples from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of plastic bags are prepared and subjected to physical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical properties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the presence of hydrocarbon increases their physical and mechanical properties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical properties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a period of time beyond 24 hours.
