Spatial Protection and Development of Traditional Mountain Settlements from the Perspective of Self-organization : A Case Study of Anju Ancient Town in Tongliang District, Chongqing

Through literature research, field research and urban design analysis methods, based on the self-organization theory, the evolution characteristics of the settlement space of Anju Ancient Town with significant characteristics of traditional mountain settlements were analyzed, and then its internal and external influencing factors were summarized. Finally, appropriate protection and development strategies were proposed, such as reasonably planning functional zones, breaking through the single structure, and creating a good living cultural environment. The innovation of this study is that it integrates the self-organization theory into the cognition of traditional mountain settlement space, and discusses the connection between the mountain settlement space and the traditional regional context under the modern development concept, so as to seek the benign protection and reasonable development of traditional mountain settlement space.

Phase Transition in a Dense Swarm of Self-Propelled Bots

Swarms of self-organizing bots are becoming important elements in various technical systems,which include the control of bacterial cyborgs in biomedical applications,technologies for creating new metamaterials with internal structure,self-assembly processes of complex supramolecular structures in disordered media,etc.In this work,we theoretically study the effect of sudden fluidization of a dense group of bots,each of which is a source of heat and follows a simple algorithm to move in the direction of the gradient of the global temperature field.We show that,under certain conditions,an aggregate of self-propelled bots can fluidize,which leads to a second-order phase transition.The bots’program,which forces them to search for the temperature field maximum,acts as an effective buoyancy force.As a consequence,one can observe a sudden macroscopic circulation of bots from the edge of the group to its center and back again,which resembles classical Rayleigh-Benard thermal convection.In the continuum approximation,we have developed a mathematical model of the phenomenon,which reduces to the equation of a self-gravitating porous disk saturated with an incompressible fluid that generates heat.We derive governing equations in the Darcy-Boussinesq approximation and formulate a nonlinear boundary value problem.An exact solution to the linearized problem for infinitesimal perturbations of the base state is obtained,and the critical values of the control parameter for the onset of the bot circulation are calculated.Then we apply weakly nonlinear analysis using the method of multiple time scales.We found that as the number of bots increases,the swarm exhibits increasingly complex patterns of circulation.

Hierarchical Self-organization of Complex Systems

Researches on organization and structure in complex systems are academic and industrial fronts in modern sciences. Though many theories are tentatively proposed to analyze complex systems, we still lack a rigorous theory on them. Complex systems possess various degrees of freedom, which means that they should exhibit all kinds of structures. However, complex systems often show similar patterns and structures. Then the question arises why such similar structures appear in all kinds of complex systems. The paper outlines a theory on freedom degree compression and the existence of hierarchical self-organization for all complex systems is found. It is freedom degree compression and hierarchical self-organization that are responsible for the existence of these similar patterns or structures observed in the complex systems.

Self-organization of Reconfigurable Protocol Stack for Networked Control Systems

In networked control systems （NCS）,the control performance depends on not only the control algorithm but also the communication protocol stack.The performance degradation introduced by the heterogeneous and dynamic communication environment has intensified the need for the reconfigurable protocol stack.In this paper,a novel architecture for the reconfigurable protocol stack is proposed,which is a unified specification of the protocol components and service interfaces supporting both static and dynamic reconfiguration for existing industrial communication standards.Within the architecture,a triple-level self-organization structure is designed to manage the dynamic reconfiguration procedure based on information exchanges inside and outside the protocol stack.Especially,the protocol stack can be self-adaptive to various environment and system requirements through the reconfiguration of working mode,routing and scheduling table.Finally,the study on the protocol of dynamic address management is conducted for the system of controller area network （CAN）.The results show the efficiency of our self-organizing architecture for the implementation of a reconfigurable protocol stack.

Evolution of technology management system based on self-organization theory

Industrial and academic interest in how to effectively manage technology resources is increasing as it becomes more and more important.Effective managing of technology resources depends on technology management system,and thus understanding how such system evolves becomes an ongoing research topic.Based on the self-organization theory,this paper constructs an evolution model of technology management system.The simulation results show that the evolution of each of the technology management subsystem is affected by the knowledge growth rate of its own,and it is also affected by the coupling and synergy relationship with other subsystems.Moreover,the coupling and synergy relationship can make the speed of evolution higher than the knowledge growth rate of the subsystem itself.

Improve Fractal Compression Encoding Speed Using Feature Extraction and Self-organization Network

Image compression consists of two main parts: encoding and decoding. One of the important problems of the fractal theory is the long encoding implementation time, which hindered the acceptance of fractal image compression as a practical method. The long encoding time results from the need to perform a large number of domain-range matches, the total encoding time is the product of the number of matches and the time to perform each match. In order to improve encoding speed, a hybrid method combining features extraction and self-organization network has been provided, which is based on the feature extraction approach the comparison pixels by pixels between the feature of range blocks and domains blocks. The efficiency of the new method was been proved by examples.

Self-Organization of Charged Particulates in the Presence of External Force

Evolution of spatial distribution of charged particulates under the action of an external force is investigated. It is found that starting from a homogeneous Maxwellian distribution of particulates, clusters can form and aggregate. The evolution process, as well as the asymptotic number and configuration of the clusters formed, depends strongly on the strength of the external force. The particulates in most of the final clusters are in the crystal state, as can also be deduced from the corresponding velocity and auto-correlation functions.

On the Mechanism of Evolution for Enterprise＇s Sustainable Growth Based on the Theory of Self-organization

The capabilities of industry, technology, institution and market power form the model of four-capability structure for enterprise＇s sustainable growth. The firm＇s system has the characteristics of dissipative structure. The process of the formation for the sustainable growth capability is one of self-organization operations. The evolution and development of sustainable growth capability is the result of inter-functions and inter-operations among all the sub-systems. On the whole, the current level of sustainable growth capability, the four-capability structure and the random rise-and-fall elements of the external environment determine the direction, speed and level of transition of sustainable growth capability. The self-organization mechanism of the enterprise＇s sustainable growth can be illustrated by the instability of system evolution, the sequence parameter, the potential function and the nonequilibrium phase transition. Chinese firms must pay attention to industry selecting and positioning, technology innovation, institution reform and cultivation of market power, and accelerate the formation of self-organization and effective operation through the dynamic integration and inter-operation of industry, technology, institution and market power. Only in this way can firms cultivate and develop their sustainable growth capability and realize enterprises＇ sustainable growth finally.

A realistic model for complex networks with local interaction, self-organization and order

In this paper, a new mechanism for the emergence of scale-free distribution is proposed. It is more realistic than the existing mechanism. Based on our mechanism, a model responsible for the scale-free distribution with an exponent in a range of 3-to-5 is given. Moreover, this model could also reproduce the exponential distribution that is discovered in some real networks. Finally, the analytical result of the model is given and the simulation shows the validity of our result,

Self-Organization of PbS into Quantum Dots Superlattices

Self-organization of PbS into quantum dots superlattices is demonstrated for the first lime, and hexaplanar colloidal crystals 1-10 mu m in size made from PbS quantum dots 4nm in diameter are shown in Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) micrograph, and the inner structures of the superlattices can be seen from the High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM).

Ore Zoning as Self-Organization of Geochemical Dynamic Systems

Zoning in ore bodies, ore deposits and ore regions are recognized as temporal-spatial structures generated by the dynamics of ore- forming processes. Viewed from the theory of dissipative structures, ore zoning is a kind of self-organization phenomenon occurring in far from-equilibrium geochemical dynamic systems. Therefore,kinetic and dynamic approaches must be taken to reveal the mechanisms of ore zoning. Two dominant coupling processes leading to ore zoning——reaction-transport feedbacks and double-diffusive convection——are discussed.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DOUBLE VORTICES SELF-ORGANIZATION AND TYPHOON FORMATION IN BAROCLINIC ENVIRONMENT

The relationship between the self-organization of double vortices （SODVs） and the formation of typhoons was discussed based on six numerical experiments with the Fifth-Generation National Center for Atmospheric Research/Penn State Mesoscale Model （MM5） and further discussion was made with a real typhoon case. The results showed that there is a critical distance dc for SODVs in baroclinic atmosphere. When the distance between separated vortices is smaller than or equal to d~, the double vortices self-organize into a typhoon-like vortex with two spiral bands. But the double vortices cannot have such organization if the distance between them is larger than de. The value of dc is about 380 km in the context of ideal conditions in this paper, larger than that achieved in a barotropic model. A typical typhoon case in 2005 （Haitang） was selected to verify the above-mentioned conclusions. It was found that the SODV is one of the important and typical ways for the formation of typhoons.

Conditions,Mechanisms and Process within Self-organization Evolution

Business growth and development are similar to a selforganization evolution system. This paper intends to explore the context, drive and process within enterprise self-organization evolution from a conceptual perspective. And an enterprise evolution model can be applied on the basis of ecological logistic equations to approach the elementary process and the growth stage of organization. Moreover,the influence of diverse variable on the evolution of enterprise growth is discussed. At last, the study concludes that new structures and functions can emerge within organizations and enterprises,which contribute to transformation and upgrade during their self-organization evolution.

Electrical Tree Simulation Based on the Self-Organization Criticality

So far much effort has been made to understand the development of electrical treeing. For the simulation based study of electrical treeing, the most common method is to apply DBM stochastic model to simulate the growing of electrical treeing patterns. Previous simulation results showed that this stochastic model is capable of simulating the real electrical treeing patterns in a point-to-plane electrode system. However, this model only allows the tree channels to propagate on equipotential lines proportional to local electrical field. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel stochastic model to simulate the electrical patterns in order to get a good agreement with experimental results.

Self-organization: the governance of CAO fisheries from perspective of the global commons

The Central Arctic Ocean （CAO） is a global commons, and fishes in the CAO are common property resources. If humanity does not manage this region well, then this will lead to a ＂Tragedy of the Commons,＂ an old problem in human society. However, the two existing means of commons governance, privatization and government control, are not appropriate for the CAO. This study＇s findings indicate that CAO fisheries management will most likely result from a process of self-organization. The openness of the CAO and the imbalance of powers, interests and responsibilities among the states that are involved will lead to a process of self-organized governance of CAO fisheries. There are four stages in this process： competition, synergy, establishment of governing principles and mechanisms, and expansion and evolution of influence. The outcome of CAO fisheries governance will be the result of compromise among the parties as no one actor is in a dominant position.

Innovative Mechanism of Rural Organization Based on Self-Organization

The paper analyzes the basic situation of the formation of innovative rural organizations with the form of self-organization;reveals the features of self-organization,including the four aspects of openness of rural organization,innovation of rural organization far away from equilibrium,the non-linear response mechanism of rural organization innovation and the random rise and fall of rural organization innovation.The evolution mechanism of rural organization innovation is revealed according to the growth stage,the ideal stage,the decline and the fall stage.The paper probes into the basic restriction mechanism of the self-organization evaluation of rural organization from three aspects,including target recognition,path dependence and knowledge sharing.The basic measures on cultivating the innovative mechanism of rural organization are put forward.Firstly,constructing the dissipative structure of rural organization innovation;secondly,cultivating the dynamic study capability of rural organization innovation system;thirdly,selecting the step-by-step evolution strategy of rural organization innovation system.

A LOCAL DYNAMIC CLUSTER SELF-ORGANIZATION ALGORITHM IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS FOR RAINFALL MONITORING

Wireless Sensor Networks for Rainfall Monitoring (RM-WSNs) is a sensor network for the large-scale regional and moving rainfall monitoring,which could be controlled deployment. Delivery delay and cross-cluster calculation leads to information inaccuracy by the existing dynamic collabo-rative self-organization algorithm in WSNs. In this letter,a Local Dynamic Cluster Self-organization algorithm (LDCS) is proposed for the large-scale regional and moving target monitoring in RM-WSNs. The algorithm utilizes the resource-rich node in WSNs as the cluster head,which processes target information obtained by sensor nodes in cluster. The cluster head shifts with the target moving in chance and re-groups a new cluster. The target information acquisition is limited in the dynamic cluster,which can reduce information across-clusters transfer delay and improve the real-time of information acquisition. The simulation results show that,LDCS can not only relieve the problem of "too frequent leader switches" in IDSQ,also make full use of the history monitoring information of target and con-tinuous monitoring of sensor nodes that failed in DCS.

Self-organization of Atoms into Nanosystems

The mechanism of addition of separate atoms to a growing center is considered with application of model of a pair interpenetration of atoms. Features of geometrical model are related with the electronic structure of atoms and the Pauli＇s exclusion principle. The forces providing self-organization of atoms in the bulk of a condensed substance are shown. The calculated interatomic distances in graphite and alloys of gold with silver coincide with those known from experiments with accuracy of 0.1%.

Self-Organization and Coherency in Biology and Medicine

Self-organization has proven to be a universal functioning property inherent to the open systems, including biological entities and living organisms. The flux of energy or matter through the system enables its transition to a new ordered state, which results from a cooperative behavior of the system’s constituents. The system functions far from thermodynamic equilibrium and its transitions between the states are treated within nonlinear models. An analysis of such behavior yields valuable information about the emergent properties of the particular system that is often impossible to obtain by other methods. This review summarizes some of the most interesting, recently reported phenomena related to dynamic self-organization and coherency at various complexity levels in living matter, demonstrating the widespread applications of these concepts in many modern fields of biological and healthcare research. The processes and interactions controlling self-organized behaviors are discussed in regards to molecular reactions, including mechanisms of protein folding, bioenergetics, and charge transfer. Phenomena in cells and tissues, as well as the examples of whole organs and organism levels are also reviewed. In addition, we analyze existing applications of self-organization and coherency processes in medicine. Special attention is given to determination of feedback mechanisms, control parameters, and order parameters needed to completely define the self-organized behavior and coherent dynamics of a particular system.