Application of Self-Organizing Feature Map Neural Network Based on K-means Clustering in Network Intrusion Detection

Due to the widespread use of the Internet,customer information is vulnerable to computer systems attack,which brings urgent need for the intrusion detection technology.Recently,network intrusion detection has been one of the most important technologies in network security detection.The accuracy of network intrusion detection has reached higher accuracy so far.However,these methods have very low efficiency in network intrusion detection,even the most popular SOM neural network method.In this paper,an efficient and fast network intrusion detection method was proposed.Firstly,the fundamental of the two different methods are introduced respectively.Then,the selforganizing feature map neural network based on K-means clustering(KSOM)algorithms was presented to improve the efficiency of network intrusion detection.Finally,the NSLKDD is used as network intrusion data set to demonstrate that the KSOM method can significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration than SOM method without substantially affecting the clustering results and the accuracy is much higher than Kmeans method.The Experimental results show that our method can relatively improve the accuracy of network intrusion and significantly reduce the number of clustering iteration.

New results on global exponential stability of competitive neural networks with different time scales and time-varying delays

This paper studies the global exponential stability of competitive neural networks with different time scales and time-varying delays. By using the method of the proper Lyapunov functions and inequality technique, some sufficient conditions are presented for global exponential stability of delay competitive neural networks with different time scales. These conditions obtained have important leading significance in the designs and applications of global exponential stability for competitive neural networks. Finally, an example with its simulation is provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed criteria.

Waterlogging risk assessment based on self-organizing map(SOM)artificial neural networks:a case study of an urban storm in Beijing

Due to rapid urbanization, waterlogging induced by torrential rainfall has become a global concern and a potential risk affecting urban habitant's safety. Widespread waterlogging disasters haveoccurred almost annuallyinthe urban area of Beijing, the capital of China. Based on a selforganizing map(SOM) artificial neural network(ANN), a graded waterlogging risk assessment was conducted on 56 low-lying points in Beijing, China. Social risk factors, such as Gross domestic product(GDP), population density, and traffic congestion, were utilized as input datasets in this study. The results indicate that SOM-ANNis suitable for automatically and quantitatively assessing risks associated with waterlogging. The greatest advantage of SOM-ANN in the assessment of waterlogging risk is that a priori knowledge about classification categories and assessment indicator weights is not needed. As a result, SOM-ANN can effectively overcome interference from subjective factors,producing classification results that are more objective and accurate. In this paper, the risk level of waterlogging in Beijing was divided into five grades. The points that were assigned risk grades of IV or Vwere located mainly in the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng, and Dongcheng.

A SPEECH RECOGNITION METHOD USING COMPETITIVE AND SELECTIVE LEARNING NEURAL NETWORKS

On the basis of asymptotic theory of Gersho, the isodistortion principle of vector clustering was discussed and a kind of competitive and selective learning method (CSL) which may avoid local optimization and have excellent result in application to clusters of HMM model was also proposed. In combining the parallel, self organizational hierarchical neural networks (PSHNN) to reclassify the scores of every form output by HMM, the CSL speech recognition rate is obviously elevated.

Research of Dynamic Competitive Learning in Neural Networks

Introduce a method of generation of new units within a cluster and aalgorithm of generating new clusters. The model automatically builds up its dynamically growinginternal representation structure during the learning process. Comparing model with other typicalclassification algorithm such as the Kohonen's self-organizing map, the model realizes a multilevelclassification of the input pattern with an optional accuracy and gives a strong support possibilityfor the parallel computational main processor. The idea is suitable for the high-level storage ofcomplex datas structures for object recognition.

A Self-Organizing Memory Neural Network for Aerosol Concentration Prediction

Haze-fog,which is an atmospheric aerosol caused by natural or man-made factors,seriously affects the physical and mental health of human beings.PM2.5(a particulate matter whose diameter is smaller than or equal to 2.5 microns)is the chief culprit causing aerosol.To forecast the condition of PM2.5,this paper adopts the related the meteorological data and air pollutes data to predict the concentration of PM2.5.Since the meteorological data and air pollutes data are typical time series data,it is reasonable to adopt a machine learning method called Single Hidden-Layer Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network(SSHL-LSTMNN)containing memory capability to implement the prediction.However,the number of neurons in the hidden layer is difficult to decide unless manual testing is operated.In order to decide the best structure of the neural network and improve the accuracy of prediction,this paper employs a self-organizing algorithm,which uses Information Processing Capability(IPC)to adjust the number of the hidden neurons automatically during a learning phase.In a word,to predict PM2.5 concentration accurately,this paper proposes the SSHL-LSTMNN to predict PM2.5 concentration.In the experiment,not only the hourly precise prediction but also the daily longer-term prediction is taken into account.At last,the experimental results reflect that SSHL-LSTMNN performs the best.

Enhanced Self-Organizing Map Neural Network for DNA Sequence Classification

The artificial neural networks (ANNs), among different soft computing methodologies are widely used to meet the challenges thrown by the main objectives of data mining classification techniques, due to their robust, powerful, distributed, fault tolerant computing and capability to learn in a data-rich environment. ANNs has been used in several fields, showing high performance as classifiers. The problem of dealing with non numerical data is one major obstacle prevents using them with various data sets and several domains. Another problem is their complex structure and how hands to interprets. Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is type of neural systems that can be easily interpreted, but still can’t be used with non numerical data directly. This paper presents an enhanced SOM structure to cope with non numerical data. It used DNA sequences as the training dataset. Results show very good performance compared to other classifiers. For better evaluation both micro-array structure and their sequential representation as proteins were targeted as dataset accuracy is measured accordingly.

An Interval-valued Fuzzy Competitive Neural Network

Because interval value is quite natural in clustering, an interval-valued fuzzy competitive neural network is proposed. Firstly, this paper proposes several definitions of distance relating to interval number. And then, it indicates the method of preprocessing input data, the structure of the network and the learning algorithm of the interval-valued fuzzy competitive neural network. This paper also analyses the principle of the learning algorithm. At last, an experiment is used to test the validity of the network.

Optimization of a crude distillation unit using a combination of wavelet neural network and line-up competition algorithm

The modeling and optimization of an industrial-scale crude distillation unit(CDU)are addressed.The main specifications and base conditions of CDU are taken from a crude oil refinery in Wuhan,China.For modeling of a complicated CDU,an improved wavelet neural network(WNN)is presented to model the complicated CDU,in which novel parametric updating laws are developed to precisely capture the characteristics of CDU.To address CDU in an economically optimal manner,an economic optimization algorithm under prescribed constraints is presented.By using a combination of WNN-based optimization model and line-up competition algorithm(LCA),the superior performance of the proposed approach is verified.Compared with the base operating condition,it is validated that the increments of products including kerosene and diesel are up to 20% at least by increasing less than 5% duties of intermediate coolers such as second pump-around(PA2)and third pump-around(PA3).

PARALLEL SELF-ORGANIZING MAP

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A MULTILAYER FEEDFORWARD NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR VISUAL MOTION PERCEPTION

The local visual motion detection mechanism used in the visual systems of primatescan only sense the motion component oriented perpendicularly to the contrast gradient of thebrightness pattern.But the visual system of higher animals can adaptively determine the actualdirection of motion through a learning process.In this paper a multilayered feedforward neuralnetwork model for perception of visual motion is presented.This model employs W.Reichardt’selementary motion detectors array and T.Kohonen’s self-organizing feature map.We explored theself-organizing principles for perception of visual motion.The computer simulations show thatthis neural network is able to recognize the true direction of motion through an unsupervisedlearning process.In addition,the neurons with the same or similar motion direction selectivitytend to appear in“functional columns”which seem to be qualitatively similar to the corticalmotion columns observed by electrophysiological and cytohistochemical studies in certain higherareas such as MT.It proves that motion-detection by spatio-temporal coherences,mapping,co-operation,competition,and Hebb rule may be the basic principles for the self-organization ofvisual motion perception networks.

Fault Attribute Reduction of Oil Immersed Transformer Based on Improved Imperialist Competitive Algorithm

The original fault data of oil immersed transformer often contains a large number of unnecessary attributes,which greatly increases the elapsed time of the algorithm and reduces the classification accuracy,leading to the rise of the diagnosis error rate.Therefore,in order to obtain high quality oil immersed transformer fault attribute data sets,an improved imperialist competitive algorithm was proposed to optimize the rough set to discretize the original fault data set and the attribute reduction.The feasibility of the proposed algorithm was verified by experiments and compared with other intelligent algorithms.Results show that the algorithm was stable at the 27th iteration with a reduction rate of 56.25%and a reduction accuracy of 98%.By using BP neural network to classify the reduction results,the accuracy was 86.25%,and the overall effect was better than those of the original data and other algorithms.Hence,the proposed method is effective for fault attribute reduction of oil immersed transformer.

Study of TSP based on self-organizing map

Self-organizing map(SOM) proposed by Kohonen has obtained certain achievements in solving the traveling salesman problem(TSP).To improve Kohonen SOM,an effective initialization and parameter modification method is discussed to obtain a faster convergence rate and better solution.Therefore,a new improved self-organizing map(ISOM)algorithm is introduced and applied to four traveling salesman problem instances for experimental simulation,and then the result of ISOM is compared with those of four SOM algorithms:AVL,KL,KG and MSTSP.Using ISOM,the average error of four travelingsalesman problem instances is only 2.895 0%,which is greatly better than the other four algorithms:8.51%(AVL),6.147 5%(KL),6.555%(KG) and 3.420 9%(MSTSP).Finally,ISOM is applied to two practical problems:the Chinese 100 cities-TSP and102 counties-TSP in Shanxi Province,and the two optimal touring routes are provided to the tourists.

基于帝国竞争反向传播神经网络的断块油田开发顺序优化

明确断块油田群中断块的开发顺序是进行开发方案设计的前提条件。断块油田数量较少时,可以进行技术经济的组合对比,但是断块数量较多时会形成海量的组合,耗费时间也长。断块油田开发顺序评价的现有方法有权重评价法、层次分析法、综合模糊评判法等,这些方法在选择评价指标和指标权重上带有较强的主观性,无法做到完全客观的评价。因此本文提出一种基于帝国竞争算法改进的反向传播神经网络模型,首先采用Spearman相关系数法确定影响断块油田开发的主控因素,其次使用分段三次Hermite插值方法实现断块油田群开发数据库的扩充,最后在扩充后的大量数据库训练样本的基础上,基于帝国竞争算法改进的反向传播神经网络模型可以确定影响开发效果参数的权重并预测断块油田群中各断块油田的净现值,根据净现值大小可以确定每个断块的开发顺序。该方法以实际断块油田群的地质油藏数据库作为评价依据,断块油田的开发顺序更加的科学合理,项目整体的净现值也明显高于依靠传统方法确定的开发顺序组合,避免了人为主观性,也节省了数值模拟和经济评价的工作量,克服了现有方法的局限性,对于提高断块油田群开发综合效益具有重要意义。

基于GCA-MVO-ICA优化BP的负荷预测研究

为提高微网负荷预测的精度,提出来一种利用灰色关联度分析优化BP神经网络优化输入层数据,利用新型的多元宇宙算法优化隐含层权重,采用帝国竞争算法优化输出层结果的逐层优化模型,对2组实测数据算例分析。结果表明,所提GCA-MVO-ICA优化BP网络的方法能够提高微网负荷的预测精度,并且具有较好的普适性。

Self-organizing feature map neural network classification of the ASTER data based on wavelet fusion

Most methods for classification of remote sensing data are based on the statistical parameter evaluation with the assumption that the samples obey the normal distribution. How-ever, more accurate classification results can be obtained with the neural network method through getting knowledge from environments and adjusting the parameter (or weight) step by step by a specific measurement. This paper focuses on the double-layer structured Kohonen self-organizing feature map (SOFM), for which all neurons within the two layers are linked one another and those of the competition layers are linked as well along the sides. Therefore, the self-adapting learning ability is improved due to the effective competition and suppression in this method. The SOFM has become a hot topic in the research area of remote sensing data classi-fication. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) is a new satellite-borne remote sensing instrument with three 15-m resolution bands and three 30-m resolution bands at the near infrared. The ASTER data of Dagang district, Tianjin Munici-pality is used as the test data in this study. At first, the wavelet fusion is carried out to make the spatial resolutions of the ASTER data identical; then, the SOFM method is applied to classifying the land cover types. The classification results are compared with those of the maximum likeli-hood method (MLH). As a consequence, the classification accuracy of SOFM increases about by 7% in general and, in particular, it is almost as twice as that of the MLH method in the town.

ON GLOBAL ROBUST STABILITY FOR COMPETITIVE NEURAL NETWORKS WITH TIME DELAYS AND DIFFERENT TIME SCALES

In this paper, using the theory of topological degree and Liapunov functional methods, the authors study the competitive neural networks with time delays and different time scales and present some criteria of global robust stability for this neural network model.

Stability analysis for a class of impulsive competitive neural networks with leakage time-varying delays

In this paper, we consider the existence, the uniqueness, the global exponential stability, the global asymptotic stability, the uniform asymptotic stability and the uniform stability of the equilibrium point of impulsive competitive neural networks with distributed delays and leakage time-varying delays. The existence of a unique equilibrium point is proved by using Brouwer's fixed point theorem. By finding suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, some sufficient conditions are derived ensuring some kinds of stability. Finally, several examples and their simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.

Global Exponential Convergence of Neutral Type Competitive Neural Networks with D Operator and Mixed Delay

The models of competitive neural network(CNN)was in recent past proposed to describe the dynamics of cortical cognitive maps with unsupervised synaptic modifications,where there are two types of memories:Long-term memories(LTM)and short-term memories(STM),LTM presents unsupervised and slow synaptic modifications and STM characterize the fast neural activity.This paper is concerned with a class of neutral type CNN’s with mixed delay and D operator.By employing the appropriate differential inequality theory,some sufficient conditions are given to ensure that all solutions of the model converge exponentially to zero vector.Finally,an illustrative example is also given at the end of this paper to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Application of self-organizing neural networks to classification of plant communities in Pangquangou Nature Reserve, North China

Vegetation classification is an important topic in plant ecology and many quantitative techniques for classification have been developed in the field.The artificial neural network is a comparatively new tool for data analysis.The self-organizing feature map(SOFM)is powerful tool for clustering analysis.SOFM has been applied to many research fields and it was applied to the classification of plant communities in the Pangquangou Nature Reserve in the present work.Pangquangou Nature Reserve,located at 37°20′–38°20′ N,110°18′–111°18′ E,is a part of the Luliang Mountain range.Eighty-nine samples(quadrats)of 10 m×10 m for forest,4 m×4 m for shrubland and 1 m×1 m for grassland along an elevation gradient,were set up and species data was recorded in each sample.After discussion of the mathematical algorism,clustering technique and the procedure of SOFM,the classification was carried out by using NNTool box in MATLAB(6.5).As a result,the 89 samples were clustered into 13 groups representing 13 types of plant communities.The characteristics of each community were described.The result of SOFM classification was identical to the result of fuzzy c-mean clustering and consistent with the distribution patterns of vegetation in the study area and shows significant ecological meanings.This suggests that SOFM may clearly describe the ecological relationships between plant communities and it is a very effective quantitative technique in plant ecology research.