Partial and Full Arc Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy in Lung Cancer Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy with Different Definitions of Internal Target Volume Based on 4D CT

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of partial arc volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in lung cancer stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), as well the volumetric and dosimetric effects of different internal target volume (ITV) definitions with 4D CT. Methods: Fourteen patients with primary and metastatic lung cancer underwent SBRT were enrolled. Full and partial arc VMAT plans were generated with four different ITVs: ITVall, ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases, representing ITVs generated from all 10 respiratory phases, maximum intensity projection (MIP), average intensity projection (AIP), and 2 extreme respiratory phases. Volumetric and dosimetric differences, as well as MU and delivery time were investigated. Results: Partial arc VMAT irradiated more dose at 2 cm away from planning target volume (PTV) (P = 0.002), however, it achieved better protection on mean lung dose , lung V5, spinal cord, heart and esophagus compared with full arc VMAT. The average MU and delivery time of partial arc VMAT were 240 and 1.6 min less than those of full arc VMAT. There were no significant differences on target coverage and organ at risks (OARs) sparing among four ITVs. The average percent volume differences of ITVMIP, ITVAIP and ITV2phases to ITVall were 8.6%, 13.4%, and 25.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Although partial arc VMAT delivered more dose 2 cm out of PTV, it decreases the dose to lung, spinal cord, and esophagus, as well decreased the total MU and delivery time compared with full arc VMAT without sacrificing target coverage. Partial arc VMAT was feasible and more efficient for lung SBRT.

Targeting the body to protect the brain:inducing neuroprotection with remotely-applied near infrared light

The incidence of intractable age-related neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer＇s and Parkinson＇s diseases and age-related macular degeneration is projected to increase substantially over the coming decades with the ageing of the global population. While the burden of disease associ- ated with other chronic conditions has decreased in recent times due to improved diagnosis and treatment, current therapies for neurodegenerative diseases still fall short in that they are only effective in treating signs and symptoms - they do little to slow or prevent disease progress. Thus, there is an urgent need for treatments that address disease progression.

Research progress in core body temperature measurement during target temperature management

Core body temperature(CBT)is increasingly attracting attention as crucial data during target temperature management(TTM).Accurate and continuous measurement of human CBT can effectively identify and monitor central high fever,and provide a basis for the effective implementation during TTM,which is therefore of great significance for human health care and disease monitoring.The reliable core measurement sites are nasopharynx,esophagus,bladder,rectum,pulmonary artery,etc.,but the measurement methods in these sites are all invasive.At present,the medical field is more inclined to noninvasive data collection methods through monitoring an appropriate site(such as forehead,mouth,or axilla)depending on clinical circumstances,so as to ensure the comfort and security of patients to the greatest extent.This review will provide reference choosing more safe and accurate temperature measurement methods for patients during TTM by reviewing the sites and accuracy of invasive and noninvasive CBT measurements.

Analytical models for the penetration of semi-infinite targets by rigid,deformable and erosive long rods

A theoretical study is presented herein on the pen- etration of a semi-infinite target by a spherical-headed long rod for Yp 〉 S, where Yp is the penetrator strength and S is the static target resistance. For Yp 〉 S, depending upon initial impact velocity, there exist three types of penetration, namely, penetration by a rigid long rod, penetration by a deforming non-erosive long rod and penetration by an erosive long rod. If the impact velocity of the penetrator is higher than the hydrodynamic velocity （VH）, it will penetrate the target in an erosive mode; if the impact velocity lies between the hydrodynamic velocity （VH） and the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a deformable mode; if the impact velocity is less than the rigid body velocity （VR）, it will penetrate the target in a rigid mode. The critical conditions for the transition among these three penetration modes are proposed. It is demonstrated that the present model predictions correlate well with the experimental observations in terms of depth of penetration （DOP） and the critical transition conditions.

Body-jet水动力吸脂系统辅助自体脂肪移植隆乳术的围手术期护理

目的:探讨Body-jet水动力吸脂系统辅助自体脂肪移植隆乳术的围手术期护理体会。方法:纳入笔者医院2015年1月-2017年12月接受Body-jet水动力吸脂系统辅助自体脂肪移植隆乳术就医者80例为研究对象,以随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。对照组实施常规围手术期护理。观察组在对照组基础上采取针对性围手术期护理,术前进行优质检查护理、心理干预及训练干预;术中严密生命体征监测,配合医生完成手术;术后密切观察患者创口恢复情况及疼痛情况等。比较两组就医者的疼痛情况、创口愈合情况及住院时间。结果:术后6h两组就医者视觉模拟评分(Visual analogy score,VAS)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后24h、48h、72h,观察组VAS评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后7d创口愈合不良发生率及住院时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在Body-jet水动力吸脂系统辅助自体脂肪移植隆乳术围手术期实施协同、针对性护理干预能够优化就医者的术后疼痛状况,提高创口恢复效果,并缩短住院时间。

Identification of target behavior in process of intervention for children with feeding difficulty and relevant factors in randomized controlled trial

Objective To identify the target behavior in the process of behavioral intervention for children with feeding difficulty and relevant factors that may contribute to more effective intervention.Methods Children aged from 1 to 6 years with feeding difficulty randomly received interactive behavioral intervention(245 cases)or routine primary care(217 cases).By the end of the 1,3,6,and 9 months,the rating score of feeding difficulty and the body mass index(BMI)were assessed.The target behavior was determined based on the selecting criteria that simultaneously satisfied two conditions:①it was relevant to improving children's nutritional status;②it changed fast during intervention.Moreover,the relevant factors of target behavior were analyzed by multivariate analysis(Multi-Way ANOVA).Results Among nine behaviors of feeding difficulty,"eating slowly"was identified as a target behavior because it was closely relevant to the BMI z-score increment and had the biggest score reduction at early stage during intervention.Various factors were relevant to improving the target behavior,including parents acting as caregivers,caregiver's education level equal to and above junior college,and caregiver's concern about their children's feeding difficulty.Conclusion"Eating slowly"should be selected as the target behavior for early intervention for children with feeding difficulty and some social factors should be considered for optimizing the intervention.

Robust attitude control for rapid multi-target tracking in spacecraft formation flying

A robust attitude tracking control scheme for spacecraft formation flying is presented. The leader spacecraft with a rapid mobile antenna and a camera is modeled. While the camera is tracking the ground target, the antenna is tracking the follower spacecraft. By an angular velocity constraint and an angular constraint, two methods are proposed to compute the reference attitude profiles of the camera and antenna, respectively. To simplify the control design problem, this paper first derives the desired inverse system （DIS）, which can convert the attitude tracking problem of 3D space into the regulator problem. Based on DIS and sliding mode control （SMC）, a robust attitude tracking controller is developed in the presence of mass parameter uncertainties and external disturbance. By Lyapunov stability theory, the closed loop system stability can be achieved. The numerical simulations show that the proposed robust control scheme exhibits significant advantages for the multi-target attitude tracking of a two-spacecraft formation.

Stereotactic radiosurgery:a“targeted”therapy for cancer

The developments of medicine always follow innovations in science and technology.In the past decade,such innovations have made cancer-related targeted therapies possible.In general,the term "targeted therapy" has been used in reference to cellular and molecular level oriented therapies.However,improvements in the delivery and planning of traditional radiation therapy have also provided cancer patients more options for "targeted" treatment,notably stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) and stereotactic body radiotherapy(SBRT).In this review,the progress and controversies of SRS and SBRT are discussed to show the role of stereotactic radiation therapy in the ever evolving multidisciplinary care of cancer patients.

6D MEASURING TECHNOLOGY AND METHOD OFCOORDINATE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THEAUTOMOBILE BODY-IN-WHITE MEASUREMENT

A new high accuracy 6D ( Dimension ) wide range measuring technology and the method of coordinate transformations have been developed in a project for automobile body-in- white measurement in Michigan , U S A . The requirements and the special features about the measured objective are mainly stated. The main instruments used in the project are introduced. The 6D measuring system , the method for coordinate transformations and the design of 3D optical target with hollow tetrahedron are described in detail . The 6D system and the technology can be certainly used in many other kinds of geometric mea- suring projects .

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部致密储层非均质性特征及对成藏的制约

致密砂岩气藏是我国非常规油气资源的重要组成,其储层非均质性严重影响了致密气成藏和甜点区优选,进而制约了气田高效开发。为进一步揭示储层非均质性成因及对致密气成藏的影响,选取鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田西南部山1段和盒8段致密储层为例,通过岩芯观察、扫描电镜、薄片鉴定、生产和测井分析等技术手段,研究储层非均质特征,探讨沉积作用和微观孔隙演化对非均质性和成藏的影响。结果表明,储层非均质性多表现为层内粒度的垂向韵律性、夹层的不均匀分布、渗透率的平面分布差异等;储层非均质性受沉积作用和成岩作用共同影响,沉积作用控制了水动力条件、砂体展布、厚度和砂体构型,储层微观非均质性受岩矿组构和孔隙演化影响;不同厚度和构型的复合砂体,多样的矿物组分、孔隙结构,致密气的选择性充注,共同造成了苏里格地区致密储层的非均质性及含气性差异。复合砂体的高孔渗部位是致密气开采的甜点区,但是在优选有利区时不应只关注这些厚层的高孔渗砂体,也应关注规模小、非均质性稍强的透镜状砂体,需要充分考虑到储层非均质性对致密气成藏的影响。

贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗转移性结直肠癌的效果研究

目的:研究贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗对转移性结直肠癌(MCRC)患者的肿瘤标志物及机体免疫的影响。方法:选取2021年3月—2022年12月经九江市第一人民医院确诊为MCRC的患者78例,按随机数字表法分组,每组39例。对照组仅接受FOLFOX-6方案化疗,观察组基于对照组化疗条件施加贝伐珠单抗靶向治疗,比较两组方案近期疗效、治疗前后肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、生殖细胞特异性蛋白DDX4(DDX4)]和机体免疫状况[CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、自然杀伤细胞(NK)]。结果:观察组客观有效率、疾病控制率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组3项肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA19-9及DDX4)检测值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组3项机体免疫指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)及NK)检测值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:贝伐珠单抗联合化疗治疗能够提升MCRC患者的近期治疗效果,降低肿瘤标志物水平,或与其可调节机体免疫状况有关。

视觉跟踪多转子位移测量

针对当前传统振动传感器在测量旋转体位移时受限于安装和测点数量等问题,将高速工业相机作为采集媒介,在转子振动试验台上进行转子振动视频的采集,并利用基于多目标跟踪的视觉振动测量方法跟踪多个转子目标的全场振动位移。将注意力机制引入残差神经网络,结合特征金字塔网络结构建立改进的特征提取骨干网络,并利用身份重新识别方法来强化相邻帧间目标位移的关联性,跟踪旋转体全场振动位移信号。在转子振动位移测量数据集上对不同网络模型进行定性和定量的比较。结果表明,本文构建的网络模型在边界框回归时能够获取更为紧密的贴合度;将采集的电涡流位移信号作为标准量进行两个转子位移信号的对比实验,结果表明,本文多目标跟踪算法拟合的波形和频谱噪声最小,且能与电涡流信号相匹配;在目标对象模糊情况下的实验也证明本文算法所具有的泛化性能,这也体现出视觉测量在旋转体振动位移跟踪领域的工程应用价值。

基于相位变化率的体目标与点源合成目标回波分辨

针对水下体目标与多点源合成回波信号的分辨问题,本文基于体目标与多点源合成回波信号的形成机理差异,表征分析了影响水下目标回波相位形成的关键因素及水下体目标与多点源合成回波相位形成的差异性,基于2类回波信号相位变化率的特征差异,提出并建立了基于相位变化率的体目标回波与多点源合成回波的分辨方法。通过Benchmark基准潜艇缩比模型和多点源合成目标模型的特性仿真和湖上对比测试对2类回波信号的分辨方法进行了验证,仿真和测试数据分析结果表明:通过对比同方位角度范围内的回波相位变化率,可以对体目标回波与多点源合成回波进行分辨,验证了基于相位变化率的水下体目标与多点源合成回波分辨方法的可行性。

基于关键点检测和多目标跟踪的猪只体尺估计

【目的】减少猪场人工测量猪只体尺的工作量,提高测量精度和工作效率。【方法】本研究提出基于关键点检测和多目标跟踪的猪只体尺自动估计方法,该方法使用Yolov8-Pose模型识别各猪只关键点和目标检测框,利用ByteTrack算法对猪群实时跟踪,引入感兴趣区域规避图像畸变,提高识别速度,同时设计姿态和异常检测过滤算法减少因运动模糊、姿态不正等因素造成的误差。【结果】5个猪栏中24头猪只体长、肩宽、臀宽的平均绝对误差均小于3 cm,平均绝对百分比误差分别维持在4%、6%和7%以内。数据处理速度提升为19.3帧/s。【结论】本研究提出的基于关键点检测和多目标跟踪的猪只体尺估计方法为猪场生产场景提供了一个轻量化、易部署的自动体尺测量解决方案。

基于改进双树RRT^(*)算法的冗余机械臂末端路径规划

针对冗余机械臂的冗余特性与相关RRT^(*)算法在规划机械臂末端路径的应用中存在的搜索效率较低、收敛性不稳定以及没有充分考虑到机械臂末端几何构型与自身运动特性对路径规划影响的问题,提出一种改进策略。首先,引入一种基于根尾节点连线夹角的采样点选择方式,并设置目标逼近区域。根据连续采样成功次数动态选择改进采样与随机采样。接着,将双树扩展策略与上述方法相结合。最后,将初始可行路径进行二次重连得到最终的优化路径。通过验证,改进双树RRT^(*)方法能够有效地提升搜索效率、收敛性以及路径的优越性。虚拟碰撞体与胶囊碰撞体的引入也能较好地应对机械臂末端结构与运动特性带来的影响。使用Mujoco物理仿真引擎进行机械臂运动验证,证明该策略可以为冗余机械臂末端规划出一条较优的可行路径。

基于体表标志定位急诊单引流管双靶点治疗丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水

目的 探讨颞部体表定位急诊单引流管双靶点丘脑血肿脑室引流术在丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水治疗中的应用价值。方法 回顾性选择丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水患者223例,其中包括采取颞部体表定位急诊单引流管双靶点丘脑血肿脑室引流术的研究组115例,以及先行急诊脑室外引流,病情稳定后再行立体定向丘脑血肿引流术的对照组108例。对比2组患者术后并发症及治疗效果的差异,评价颞部体表定位单引流管双靶点丘脑血肿脑室引流术在丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水治疗中的应用价值。结果研究组与对照组丘脑术后再出血率(5.2%vs.4.7%)、血肿清除率(87.5%±7.3%vs.90.2%±8.5%)、死亡率(13.9%vs.15.7%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组与对照组带管时间、术后颅内感染、分流依赖型脑积水、治疗有效、预后良好分别为(75.5±18.4)h、3.5%、19.1%、53.9%、51.3%与(130.8±22.9)h、13.9%、35.1%、38.7%、38.0%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 急诊颞部体表定位单引流管双靶点丘脑血肿脑室引流术治疗丘脑出血破入脑室伴脑积水,手术安全可靠,可改善患者预后。

基于4D-CT的三种呼吸门控技术对肺癌立体定向放射治疗计划靶区及正常组织器官体积、受照剂量的影响

目的:探讨基于4D-CT的三种呼吸门控技术对肺癌立体定向放射治疗(SBRT)计划靶区及正常组织器官体积、受照剂量的影响。方法:收集108例肺癌患者的病例资料,比较患者在基于4D-CT的三种呼吸门控技术下接受SBRT治疗的肿瘤靶区(GTV)、计划靶区(PTV)体积和受照剂量,并比较三种呼吸门控技术下正常组织的受照剂量。结果:三种不同技术下,患者GTV与PTV体积比较存在统计学意义差异(均P<0.05),其中自由呼吸(FB)技术下的GTV与PTV体积较主动呼吸控制(ABC)、呼吸门控(RG)技术下高,RG技术下GTV与PTV体积较ABC技术下高(均P<0.05);三种不同技术下PTV受照剂量参数靶区适形度指数(CI)水平差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);三种不同技术下PTV受照剂量参数靶区剂量均匀性指数(HI)、GI水平差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);其中FB技术下的GI较ABC技术和RG技术下低,HI水平较ABC技术和RG技术下高,ABC技术下的HI水平较RG技术下低(均P<0.05);三种不同技术下心脏、大血管、气管、食管以及脊髓的受照剂量比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);三种不同技术下双肺V_(5)、V_(20)以及平均照射剂量(MLD)比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);FB技术下的V_(5)、V_(20)以及MLD较ABC、RG技术下高,RG技术下V_(5)、V_(20)以及MLD较ABC技术下高(均P<0.05)。结论:基于4D-CT的ABC与RG技术相较于FB技术更有利于缩小靶区体积,提高治疗剂量,同时更有利于降低病灶危及器官与组织的受照剂量。

盆式绝缘子闪络的典型异物红外图像识别算法

分割典型异物像素区域时,难以选取最佳分割阈值,导致识别出的典型异物定位精度较差,由此,提出盆式绝缘子闪络的典型异物红外图像识别算法。去除红外图像脉冲噪声、高斯噪声,通过边缘锐化和灰度均匀化,划分图像目标和背景,利用遗传算法搜索各类图像灰度方差和最大值,将最大值对应的分割阈值作为最佳阈值,分割典型异物像素区域,构建改进BP神经网络,提取分割图像的异物类别特征,迭代训练后,识别周围典型异物类别。实验结果表明,该方法减小定了位边界框与异物矩形框的间距,提高了异物目标定位精度和识别效率。

围手术期体温前瞻性保护结合目标导向液体治疗对冠脉搭桥术患者血流动力学指标与凝血指标的影响

目的分析围手术期体温前瞻性保护结合目标导向液体治疗对冠脉搭桥术患者血流动力学及凝血指标的影响。方法择取河南省胸科医院2021年1月至2022年12月收治的100例冠脉搭桥手术(体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术)患者为观察对象,采用抽签法随机分为对照组(50例)、观察组(50例),前者接受围手术期体温前瞻性保护,后者在其基础上增加目标导向液体治疗,对比两组患者血流动力学指标、凝血指标。结果观察组在不同时间段的血流动力学优于对照组(P<0.05)。术后观察组患者凝血功能水平优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论针对冠脉搭桥手术患者实施围手术期体温前瞻性保护结合目标导向液体治疗,能够改善患者的凝血状态,获取更为稳定的血流动力学水平,值得推广。

“双轴”理论在产后风湿中的应用特色探析

产后风湿的发病涉及中医脏腑功能和神经内分泌系统的多个方面。“双轴”包括脏腑功能轴,即心肝脾肾之间的相互作用;神经内分泌轴,即下丘脑、垂体及其与靶腺之间的相互作用。中医脏腑功能的失调会影响气血阴阳的平衡,而神经内分泌轴的异常变化可能导致免疫系统的功能失调,这两个维度相互关联、相互作用,共同参与产后风湿的发病过程。本文通过阐述脏腑功能轴与神经内分泌轴与之间的相关性,探析产后风湿中医理论的现代医学内涵,以期为产后风湿的临床诊疗提供新的思路。