Relationship between the use of smart medical services and mental health status

In this editorial,I comment on the article by Zhang et al.To emphasize the importance of the topic,I discuss the relationship between the use of smart medical devices and mental health.Smart medical services have the potential to positively influence mental health by providing monitoring,insights,and inter-ventions.However,they also come with challenges that need to be addressed.Understanding the primary purpose for which individuals use these smart tech-nologies is essential to tailoring them to specific mental health needs and prefe-rences.

Self-Reported Assessment of Health Status and Psychological Condition among Hospital Medical Residents in Iran

Psychological stress and illness among hospital residences have been subject to increasing scientific scrutiny;however very few studies have been published to describe the extent of health status and psychological stresses in residents in different specialties especially in our country that our study was mainly focused on this subject. Methods: The study subjects were medical residents in public hospitals covering 14 different specialties in Tehran in 2007. A self-administered questionnaire elicited information related to socio-demographic profile, specialty, duty hours, sleep quality, physical activity level, number of night shifts per month, mood changes, sense of depression after night shifts, fatigue, use of antidepressant and tranquilizer, and their opinion regarding their health status on a 4-point Likert scale. Results: 66.7% of participants were male with the mean age of 32.9 ± 4.2 years. 62.1% of the residents felt mood changes after nightly shifts that could adversely affect their daily living, quality of work, and social relationships. The overall prevalence of the use of antidepressant drugs was 20.0% which was significantly higher in women than men. Also, 24.4% of them reported consumption of sedative and hypnotic drugs. 15.6% reported complete healthy status while 9.4% reported partial illness. Complete healthy status was more reported among the residents of anesthesiology and pediatrics while illness was more reported by residents in pathology field. Residents’ satisfaction with their status was positively correlated with the year of residency and marriage, while dissatisfaction was more reported in divorced ones as well as in those with higher number of nightly shifts. Conclusion: Notable number of hospital residents in Iran experience significant stressors and emotional and mental health problems. Among all studies factors type of specialty, year of residency, female gender, number of nightly shifts, and single marital status were more important than other factors.

Association between glucose levels of children with type 1 diabetes and parental economic status in mobile health application

BACKGROUND The glycemic control of children with type 1 diabetes(T1D)may be influenced by the economic status of their parents.AIM To investigate the association between parental economic status and blood glucose levels of children with T1D using a mobile health application.METHODS Data from children with T1D in China's largest T1D online community,Tang-TangQuan■.Blood glucose levels were uploaded every three months and parental economic status was evaluated based on annual household income.Children were divided into three groups:Low-income(<30000 Yuan),middle-income(30000-100000 Yuan),and high-income(>100000 yuan)(1 Yuan=0.145 United States Dollar approximately).Blood glucose levels were compared among the groups and associations were explored using Spearman’s correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS From September 2015 to August 2022,1406 eligible children with T1D were included(779 female,55.4%).Median age was 8.1 years(Q1-Q3:4.6-11.6)and duration of T1D was 0.06 years(0.02-0.44).Participants were divided into three groups:Low-income(n=320),middle-income(n=724),and high-income(n=362).Baseline hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels were comparable among the three groups(P=0.072).However,at month 36,the low-income group had the highest HbA1c levels(P=0.036).Within three years after registration,glucose levels increased significantly in the low-income group but not in the middle-income and high-income groups.Parental economic status was negatively correlated with pre-dinner glucose(r=-0.272,P=0.012).After adjustment for confounders,parental economic status remained a significant factor related to pre-dinner glucose levels(odds ratio=13.02,95%CI:1.99 to 126.05,P=0.002).CONCLUSION The blood glucose levels of children with T1D were negatively associated with parental economic status.It is suggested that parental economic status should be taken into consideration in the management of T1D for children.

Compliance to Medication Management and Mental Health Status of Elderly Hypertensive Patients: Basis of Educational Health Program

Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hypertensive patients in China using simple random sampling.Data was collected using the Morisky Medication Compliance Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and a checklist.Ethical practices were strictly observed.Results:A study of 100 elderly hypertensive patients found poor drug management compliance,with female patients showing worse compliance.Female patients were more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.The study also found no significant association between gender,age,education level,marital status,living standards,and medication compliance.Barriers to medication management included food and daily necessities,lack of awareness about the importance of drug treatment,and basic family needs.The lowest-ranked barriers were lack of support from government health clinics,low income,and lack of family support.Conclusion:Based on the results,the study proposes an educational plan for elderly hypertensive patients and their families,to be evaluated and implemented by the hospital and township community service center.The plan aims to improve medication management and lifestyle modification compliance,encourage active participation,and provide access to medical and mental health clinics,support groups,and counseling services.

What Is the Role of Work-Related Factors in Self-Reported Health Inequalities among Employed Individuals? A Longitudinal Study in Luxembourg

Objectives: We measured health inequalities among employed Luxembourg residents over time and the socio-economic and work-related determinants. Design and Setting: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Socio-economic Liewen zu L&#235;tzebuerg/European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions, which has been conducted each year since 2003 in Luxembourg. Participants: Participants comprised 727 Luxembourg residents (58% men), aged between 21 and 55 years in 2003, who were employed between 2003 and 2012. Primary and Secondary Outcomes Measured: The variable of interest was self-reported health. We used transition indicators on work-related factors to consider changes that individuals may have experienced in their job over this period. Results: People who moved from a part-time to a full-time contract (odds ratio (OR): 5.52, confidence interval (CI): 1.55 - 19.73), and those who moved from the 3rd or 4th quartile of earnings to the 1st or 2nd quartile (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.02 - 6.05) between 2003 and 2012, had a higher risk of being in poor health in 2012. The risk of deterioration in self-reported health in 2012 among people who were healthy in 2003 was associated with the type of contract, economic activity, and occupation. Conclusion: Health inequalities occur among employed people in Luxembourg. Their importance varies according to work-related characteristics and economic activity. Our findings showed that declined health status was associated with contract type, profession, and economic activity. This suggests that measures should be taken to maintain good health for people working in these specific occupations or economic sectors (e.g. preventive action, reduction of risk exposure, change of occupation in the same company, and so on).

Oral health status in Sichuan Province: findings from the oral health survey of Sichuan, 2015–2016

To investigate oral health status in the residents of Sichuan Province, southwest China, a cross-sectional study was performed using the latest Oral Health Survey Basic Methods recommended by the World Health Organization. A multistage stratified random cluster-sampling method was used to enroll participants from the following three groups： children aged 3-5 years, adolescents aged 12 years, and people aged 65-74 years. In these three groups, the mean numbers of teeth that were affected by caries were 3.28, 0.86 and 5.13, respectively, resulting in a prevalence of 63.47%, 37.20% and 83.20%, respectively. Relative to the high rate of decayed teeth, the prevalence of fillings was very low in all age groups （0.97%, 7.24% and 5.43%, respectively）, In the 12-year-old adolescent group, only 3.61% had good pit and fissure sealing. In addition, the rate of dental fluorosis was 24.80%, and the Community Fluorosis Index value was 0.39. In the elder group, the community periodontal index was 2.92. The prevalence in the elderly of having lost at least one tooth was 75.54%. Additionally, 4.44% of these participants were edentulous. The incidence of dental prosthesis was 51.75%, the proportion with a removable partial denture, a fixed denture, full dentures, dental implants and an informal fixed bridge was 21.59%, 11.45%, 4.64%, 0 and 16.67%, respectively. In this study, 8.2% of the elderly participants were affected by different types of oral mucosal lesions. Among such lesions, recurrent aphthous ulcers were most prevalent （2.69%） and oral lichen planuses were second （1.6%）. The conclusion presented in this survey is that oral diseases, especially dental caries and periodontal disease, are frequent and common in Sichuan province, China. Moreover, the treatment rate is very low, and primary prevention and treatment options are therefore urgently needed in this population.

Social isolation and health-promoting behaviors among older adults living with different health statuses:A cross-sectional study

Objectives:To describe the characteristics and relationships of social isolation and health promoting behaviors of Chinese older adults with different health statuses.Methods:Totally 485 older adults were recruited.They were divided into three groups based on their health status:healthy group(n=72),group with one disease(n=183)and group with multimorbidity(n=230).Lubben Social Network Scale-6 and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II were used to measure their social isolation and health-promoting behaviors,respectively.Results:Among the aged with one disease or multimorbidity,30.6%(56/183)and 31.7%(73/230)were socially isolated,respectively,based on the score of the Lubben Social Network Scale-6.The three groups differed significantly in health-promoting behaviors and scores on several subscales.The group with multimorbidity exhibited more social isolation and fewer health-promoting behaviors than other groups.Social isolation was among the factors adversely affecting health-promoting behaviors in older adults.Conclusions:Health care providers should help older adults with multimorbidity preserve the remaining abilities to improve health-promoting behaviors.Meanwhile,it is important to support healthy older adults to increase self-responsibility to achieve healthy aging.

Effect of self-management program on health status of elderly patients with heart failure: a single-blind, randomized clinical trial

Objective:To determine the effect of self-management program on the health status of elderly patients with heart failure.Methods:The present study was a single-blind,randomized clinical trial,and conducted on 90 patients with heart failure of stages Ⅱ-Ⅲ at one teaching hospital in eastern Iran in 2017.The participants were randomly assigned into two groups:the intervention group and the control groups,with 45 patients in each group.Self-management programs including awareness and recognition,problem-solving process,diet,exercise,and stress management were carried out.The participants were trained for six weeks and were followed for two months.Data of the health status were collected before,after and eight weeks after intervention by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire.Data analysis by chi-square,independent t-test,Fisher,ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted.Results:Patients in both groups were matched in terms of demographic characteristics before the intervention.There was no significant difference in the mean scores of health status between the two groups (P=0.1) before the intervention.However,the second measurement after intervention showed a significant difference in the mean scores between the two groups (P=0.001).Conclusions:Self-management program can improve the different dimensions of health (except in the subscale of sign and symptoms).Therefore,this supportive method can be used to improve the health of patients and manage problems caused by heart failure.

The Current Status and Challenges Regarding Tuberculosis Infection Control in Health Care Facilities in China

Health care facilities are a high-risk environment for generating and spreading respiratory infectious diseases such as tuberculosis （TB）. The TB prevention and treatment staff in health care facilities are responsible for the identification, diagnosis, treatment, supervision, and management of TB patients .

Heat stress affects dairy cow health status through blood oxygen availability

Background Rises in global warming and extreme weather occurrence make the risk of heat stress(HS)induced by high ambient temperatures more likely in high-yielding dairy cows,resulting in low milk quality and yield.In ani-mals,oxygen is involved in many physiological and metabolic processes,but the effects of HS on oxygen metabolism remain unclear.Thus,the current study aimed to investigate how oxygen metabolism plays a role in health status of dairy cows by measuring the milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical variables of cows under different levels of HS:none(No-HS),mild(Mild-HS),and moderate HS(Mod-HS).Results The HS significantly increased rectal temperature(Ptreat<0.01)and respiration rate(Ptreat<0.01).Under Mod-HS,greater Na+(P<0.05)and lower total CO_(2),and pH(P<0.05)were observed relative to those under No-HS and Mild-HS.Oxygen concentrations in both coccygeal artery and mammary vein(Ptreat<0.01)were lower under Mod-HS than under No-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of heat shock protein 90(HSP90)(P<0.05)increased during Mod-HS compared with those in cows under No-HS.Malondialdehyde increased during Mod-HS,and glu-tathione peroxidase(P<0.01)increased during Mild-HS.Coccygeal vein concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(P<0.01),heme oxygenase-1(P<0.01),and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(P<0.01)were greater in cows under Mod-HS than those under No-HS.Red blood cell count(P<0.01)and hemoglobin concentration(P<0.01)were lower in the coccygeal vein of dairy cows under Mild-and Mod-HS than those of cows under No-HS.Conclusions Exposure to HS negatively impacts the health status and lactation performance of dairy cows by limit-ing oxygen metabolism and transportation.However,the specific mechanism by which HS affects mammary function in cows remains unclear and requires further exploration.

Health status assessment of axial piston pump under variable speed

The axial piston pump usually works under variable speed conditions.It is important to evaluate the health status of the axial piston pump under the variable speed condition.Aiming at the characteristic signals obtained under different wear levels of the port plate,a feature signal extraction method under variable speed conditions is proposed.Firstly,the combination of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)energy spectrum and fast spectral kurtosis principle is used to accurately extract the intrinsic mode function(IMF)component containing the sensitive information of the degraded feature.Then,the aspect ratio analysis method of the angle domain variational mode decomposition(VMD)is used to process the feature index containing the sensitive information of the degraded feature.In order to evaluate the health status of the axial piston pump under variable speed,the vibration reliability analysis method for axial piston pump based on Weibull proportional failure rate model is proposed.The experimental results show that the proposed method can accurately evaluate the health status of the axial piston pump.

Influencing of students＇ health status and physical education

Schools and parents should pay attention to health education for students＇ health awareness and good health habits, to establish a correct concept of health. School mental health education should be the first place; school should create a positive learning environment for students to get knowledge and skills of exercising. Especially in the nine years of compulsory education stage, we should ensure necessary physical exercise, reasonable arrangements for extracurricular activities to improve students＇ physical fitness. We should improve the school＇ s sports facilities, and create a good campus atmosphere. Schools should actively carry out extra-curricular sports activities, improve the level of quality of physical education teachers, develop students＇ sports consciousness, and improve material conditions for the students to create a good learning environment, meanwhile, we should increase the content of education, and enrich the content of physical education to enable students to select and reach more sports.

Health status and health systems financing in the MENA region:roadmap to universal health coverage

Background:Since the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)in 1990,many countries of the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region made some improvements in maternal and child health and in tackling communicable diseases.The transition to the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals brings new opportunities for countries to move forward toward achieving progress for better health,well-being,and universal health coverage.This study provides a profile of health status and health financing approaches in the MENA region and their implications on universal health coverage.Methods:Time-series data on socioeconomics,health expenditures,and health outcomes were extracted from databases and reports of the World Health Organization,the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program and analyzed using Stata 12 statistical software.Countries were grouped according to the World Bank income categories.Descriptive statistics,tables and charts were used to analyze temporal changes and compare the key variables with global averages.Results:Non-communicable diseases(NCDs)and injuries account for more than three quarters of the disabilityadjusted life years in all but two lower middle-income countries(Sudan and Yemen).Prevalence of risk factors(raised blood glucose,raised blood pressure,obesity and smoking)is higher than global averages and counterparts by income group.Total health expenditure(THE)per capita in most of the countries falls short of global averages for countries under similar income category.Furthermore,growth rate of THE per capita has not kept pace with the growth rate of GDP per capita.Out-of-pocket spending(OOPS)in all but the high-income countries in the group exceeds the threshold for catastrophic spending implying that there is a high risk of households getting poorer as a result of paying for health care.Conclusion:The alarmingly high prevalence of NCDs and injuries and associated risk factors,health spending falling short of the GDP and GDP growth rate,and high OOPS pose serious challenges for universal health coverage.Using multi-sector interventions,countries should develop and implement evidence-informed health system financing roadmaps to address these obstacles and move forward toward universal health coverage.

Health Status and Health Facility Utilization of Community-Dwelling Elderly Living Alone in the Philippines: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Increase of elderly people living alone has been a concern even in the Philippines where filial piety is widely practiced with the support of large number of young people. Objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between living alone with self-reported illness among community elderly and living alone with health facility utilization among sick community elderly in the Philippines. Methods: Data of 5577 elderly (aged ≥ 60 years) from the 2013 Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey were retrieved. Variables on living arrangements, self-reported illness, frequency of health facility visits, and admission to a health facility were used for analysis. Results: Among the elderly included in the analysis, 5.0% of them were living alone. Percentage of living alone was larger among rural elderly (6.0%) compared with urban elderly (3.6%);and among poor elderly (9.0%) compared with rich elderly (2.8%). Results of adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly living alone were more likely to report suffering from common colds (AOR 2.12;95% CI 1.57 - 2.86) or non-communicable diseases (AOR 2.18;95% CI 1.55 - 3.06), regardless of their socioeconomic status or insurance coverage. Among those who reported illness, the elderly living alone were more likely to visit a health facility with non-communicable disease (AOR 1.95;95% CI 1.22 - 3.14), after adjustment of other variables. Although elderly living alone who reported illness were likely to be admitted in a health facility, statistically significant association was not observed. Conclusion: Elderly living alone are more likely to report self-reported illness and use health facilities when they recognize their illness.

Chronic Diseases, Health Status and Health Service Utilization among Koreans

This study described the self-reported chronic diseases and health status and examined the factors that are associated with effective health service utilization. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors significantly associated with self-rated health, in-patient and out-patient utilization. Self-rated health status was ranked lower among rural residents, lower-income families, married persons, and those with chronic diseases. Chronic diseases such as hypertension, arthritis, melancholy, and diabetes were common and they are associated with poor health of Koreans. The presence of chronic diseases was significant in predicting the likelihood of poor health while socio-economic factors, rather than health-related need factors, had more predictive power of the use of health services. This study provides a unique contribution to the knowledge base of the Korean population. The study findings show that Koreans in poor health status were married, living in rural areas, having chronic diseases and lower income, with a high likelihood of health care utilization among employed individuals, which could significantly help in the public health policy required to address this issue.

The correlation between socioeconomic status and health self-management in the elderly

Purpose:To determine the correlation between socioeconomic status and health selfmanagement in the elderly and to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of healthy ageing.Methods:We recruited 6173 people aged
60 years from three regions in Hebei Province using the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.The participants were surveyed using questionnaires.Results:The health self-management behaviours of elderly people differed with the area of residence,education level,and personal monthly income.An ordered probit model showed that behaviours were better in elderly people who lived in urban areas,who were educated to college level or higher,and with higher monthly incomes(p<0.05).Conclusion:Socioeconomic status plays a decisive role in health self-management in the elderly.We suggest appropriate measures for promoting health self-management among the elderly.

Relationship between Perceived Health Status and Health Practices in the General Adult Population in Japan

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of perceived health status and Breslow’s seven health Practices(7 - 8 hours of sleep per night, maintaining a healthy weight, moderate or no alcohol intake, regular physical activity, no eating between meals, eating breakfast, and having never smoked cigarettes) in adult residents in Kumamoto Prefecture Japan. We used 2011 data from the “Health Japan 21” program in Kumamoto Prefecture, a study consisting of 2519 adults aged from 20 - 74 years. Data for the study were gathered by questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into following sections: perceived health status, seven health practices, life satisfaction, depression, social network, and demographic variables. We found that those groups engaged in more than four health practices had higher scores for perceived health status than those groups with less than four. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, positive correlations were found between perceived health status and health practices (r = 0.229, p – 0.058, p – 0.093, p– 0.109, p < 0.001). Furthermore, we clarified the differences in perceived health status by age and gender. The data from multiple regression analysis show an association between level of perceived health status and life satisfaction, the seven health practices, employment, age, depression, and social network. Our findings demonstrate a relationship between perceived health status and the seven health practices, and can be used to encourage healthier practices to enhance perceived health status and life satisfaction in community health care work.

Health status of transitional resettlement sites after the earthquake in Mianyang city of Sichuan province

Objective: To understand the health status of transitional resettlement sites and the needs of residents on health education, and to pro-vide basis for conducting health education after ear- thquakes and other public emergen-cies. Method: From May 31 to June 2, 2008 (19 to 21 days after the earthquake), field obser-vation, questionnaire survey, and structured interviews were conducted in five transitional resettlement sites. Information on health status, health service, health education, and residents’ needs on health education was col-lected. Results: 430 questionnaires were dis-tributed and 424 valid completed ones were returned. Food and water were adequately supplied. Clinics for health assistance were established and environment disinfecting was conducted regularly by public health profes-sionals. Health education was available to residents. The large proportion (98.6%, 97.9%, 88.7%, and 93.2% respectively) of the residents acknowledged that water supply, food supply, lavatories, and health service were adequate to fulfill basic needs. The overall disease in-cidence of surveyed residents was 44.8%, and diarrhea and fever with respiratory symptoms were the most common diseases. Among residents’ needs on disease prevention knowl-edge and skills, basic knowledge of infectious diseases was most desirable (49.8%), and safety knowledge of water uses was secon-darily most desirable (36.8%). The most fa-vored approach of obtaining knowledge was watching television. Conclusions: In the pe-riod of 20 days after the earthquake, Living security, health facilities, and health care ser-vice could satisfy residents’ basic needs. Post-disaster health education should con-centrate on basic knowledge and skills of communicable diseases and health- risky be-havior. Timely distributing disease prevention materials could be effective.

Sex- and Age-Specific Associations of Social Status and Health-Related Behaviors with Health Check Attendance: Findings from the Cross-Sectional Kanazawa Study

Health checks are key features of primary and secondary disease prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the sex- and age-specific association of social status and health-related behaviors with health check attendance in eligible persons. Data were derived from the Kanazawa Study 2011 (n = 12,781), a cross-sectional study which investigated all the residents in model areas of Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. We selected participants aged 23 years or older with National Health Insurance (n = 4920). Attendance at health checks was the outcome. We used social status and health-related behaviors as predictor variables. We analyzed them by sex and applied stratified analyses by age groups for each sex. The bivariate analyses were conducted by means of cross-tabs. We calculated health check attendance rates by each variable. We used Pearson’s χ2-test to examine statistically significant differences. We fitted logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of attendance in the past one year. We computed ORs in a logistic regression model containing all variables described above. Workingmen and women aged 23 to 39 years and aged 40 to 64 years had significantly increased ORs for health check attendance compared with non-working persons. Men, men aged 23 to 39 years and men aged 65 years or older with more physical activity had significantly increased ORs for health check attendance. Male ex-smokers, female ex- and non-smokers, male ex-smokers aged 65 years or older, and female non-smokers aged 40 to 64 years had significantly increased ORs. The findings suggest that population groups with lower social status or increased risks of adverse health effects are less likely to attend health checks than those with higher social status or decreased risks in particular sex and age groups. It indicates that diverse approaches are required to realize the full benefit of health checks.

Health Status Inequality among Immigrants in Switzerland

Objective: To assess self-rated health and impairments for six large immigrant groups (Germany, Italy, Kosovo, Portugal, Serbia, Turkey) in Switzerland. Methods: We used population-based survey data from the Swiss Migrant Health Survey 2010 and the Swiss Health Survey 2007. The sample comprised permanent residents aged 17 - 64 years (n = 14,637). Multivariate logistic regressions have been used to estimate odds ratios (OR). Results: Ill health and activities of daily living (ADL) impairments were associated with older age in all groups. However, nationals from Turkey and nationals from Kosovo were substantially more likely than Swiss to report ill health (OR = 1.05;CI = 1.02 - 1.09;P = 0.001 and OR = 1.05;CI = 1.01 - 1.10;P = 0.016) and ADL impairments (OR = 1.06;CI = 1.03 - 1.09;P = 0.000 and OR = 1.04;CI = 1.01 - 1.07;P = 0.004) with increasing age. Furthermore, Portuguese women were more likely (OR = 2.65;CI = 1.40 - 5.03;P = 0.003) to report ill health than Swiss women. Conclusions: Immigrant-specific preventive and health promotion initiatives should target vulnerable immigrants from Turkey, Portugal, and Kosovo. Furthermore, groups with few economic and psychosocial resources in the general population of Switzerland should be more involved in interventions to reduce health risk.