“心利之有天下”:荀子“心”的先验演绎

“心利之有天下”有“通感说”“平比说”“差比说”三种传统诠释,它们的争执让荀子“既肯定又否定”“心好利”的“矛盾”张显,人拥有“顺情性”与“顺礼义”这一双重性“自爱”(self-love)的事实被尖锐地揭示了出来,构成荀子辨说的存在论“所与”(the given)。荀子的辨说以“事”言,是“目辨白黑美恶”的“辨”,也是“修正治辨”的“辨”,然后才有所谓“辩说”。因此一方面,荀子没有只在范畴里打转,而是“引入历史”,由“心好利”,经“心容其择”的可以为善可以为恶,到“心利之有天下”的全粹之美,是一无限定的时间长串。即唯有通过自下而上地与恶斗争,通过各种办法的讨价还价,特别是知识的、政治的讨价还价,才有望获得善。另一方面,为了防范“善”只是一种“运气”,荀子又演绎出了一个“新人”,即“圣人”。“圣人”宣示了“心灵革命”的必然性,自由任性的人因此才能直下对道德法则感兴趣,做出断然的道德行为。前者是经验时间中的“道德的修行法”,性恶论有其用,人类社会并非一个自然的天真无邪状态;后者是本源时间中的“道德的教义学”,性恶论毫无用处,在任何糟糕的情况下,人都应保持足够的道德力量。两相结合,荀子的辨说在矛盾冲突中给出了一条“窄”而“美”的从恶到更善的不断进步的道路。

Education for the Whole Person in a Modern East Asian Context: “Caring-About the World” as a Form of Self-Love

Purpose:The essay attempts to explore a possibility to conceive the idea of education for the whole person as a way of recovering the old spirit of liberal education or Bildung,yet in a new language.Design/Approach/Methods:The essay largely consists of two parts.The first part touches upon and diagnoses the current problems with educational culture in modern Korea where youths suffer their divided soul,by employing Rousseau’s notions of two different kinds of selflove,amour-de-soi and amour-propre.The second part addresses how the pursuit of the whole person as being wholehearted can be a healthy form of self-love mediated by love of the world or other persons.Findings:The idea of education for the whole person may turn out to be an unfeasible ideal,in the modern condition.Yet,being a whole person as wholehearted can be taken as a regulative ideal that guides our practice in teaching and learning,stimulating us to make an effort to be so despite our knowledge that it is out of reach.Originality/Value:The essay shows how the idea of education for the whole person can be newly interpreted in modern East Asian context,which can resonate with current problems with education culture in the West as well as around the globe for the age of measurement.

Striving for women＇s independence and equal status： A brief talk on the image of Jane Eyre

Jane Eyre tries to preserve her self-respect, independence self-sufficiency and rebellious spirit at every stage of her life, both in struggling with social pressure and in resisting the temptation of passion.

An Analysis of Jane Eyre’s Character

Jane Eyrepresents us an advanced image of bourgeois-educated woman by describing her growing experience and romantic attachments.Starting from some specific details of the novel,this paper highlights the noble qualities of self-esteem and self-love,pursuing freedom and strong will in Jane Eyre,and provides a frame of reference for contemporary young women to learn these spirits.