A self-supporting T-shaped gate(SST-gate) GaN device and process method using electron beam lithography are proposed.An AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor(HEMT) device with a gate length of 100 nm is fabricat...A self-supporting T-shaped gate(SST-gate) GaN device and process method using electron beam lithography are proposed.An AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor(HEMT) device with a gate length of 100 nm is fabricated by this method.The current gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)) is 60 GHz,and the maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)) is 104 GHz.The current collapse has improved by 13% at static bias of(V_(GSQ),V_(DSQ))=(-8 V,10 V),and gate manufacturing yield has improved by 17% compared with the traditional floating T-shaped gate(FT-gate) device.展开更多
Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among...Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among them,flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density,good safety,and stability.Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are the primary consideration in the development of flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries,and self-supported air cathodes are strong candidates because of their advantages including simplified fabrication process,reduced interfacial resistance,accelerated electron transfer,and good flexibility.This review outlines the research progress in the design and construction of nanoarray bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.Starting from the configuration and basic principles of zinc-air batteries and the strategies for the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,a detailed discussion of self-supported air cathodes on carbon and metal substrates and their uses in flexible zinc-air batteries will follow.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of flexible zinc-air batteries will be discussed.展开更多
Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed i...Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed in oxygen electrocatalysis because of the enhanced electron-transfer rate, high specific surface area, and superior mechanical flexibility. Among the self-supported conductive substrates, carbon fiber usually exhibits several distinctive advantages, such as a straightforward preparation process, relatively low cost, good stability, and excellent conductivity. Against this background,carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts have been widely applied and studied in oxygen electrocatalysis, indicating a promising development direction in oxygen electrocatalyst research.Thus, it is essential to offer an overall summary of the research progress in this field to facilitate its subsequent development. Taking the regulatory mechanisms and modification methods as a starting point, this review comprehensively summarizes recent research on carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts in recent years. Firstly, a brief overview of the synthesis methods and regulatory mechanisms of carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts is given. Furthermore, the view also highlights the modification methods and research progress of self-supported electrocatalysts synthesized on carbon fiber-based substrates in recent years in terms of different dopant atoms. Finally, the prospects for the application of self-supported electrocatalysts based on carbon fiber in oxygen electrocatalysis and the possible future directions of their development are presented. This review summarizes recent developments and applications of self-supported bi-functional electrocatalysts with carbon fiber-based materials as the conducting substrate in oxygen electrocatalysis. It also lays a robust scientific foundation for the subsequent reasonable design of highly effective carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts.展开更多
The presence of horizontal layered rocks in tunnel engineering significantly impacts the stability and strength of the surrounding rock mass,leading to floor heave in the tunnel.This study focused on preparing layered...The presence of horizontal layered rocks in tunnel engineering significantly impacts the stability and strength of the surrounding rock mass,leading to floor heave in the tunnel.This study focused on preparing layered specimens of rock-like material with varying thickness to investigate the failure behaviors of tunnel floors.The results indicate that thin-layered rock mass exhibits weak interlayer bonding,causing rock layers near the surface to buckle and break upwards when subjected to horizontal squeezing.With an increase in the layer thickness,a transition in failure mode occurs from upward buckling to shear failure along the plane,leading to a noticeable reduction in floor heave deformation.The primary cause of significant deformation in floor heave is upward buckling failure.To address this issue,the study proposes the installation of a partition wall in the middle of the floor to mitigate heave deformation of the rock layers.The results demonstrate that the partition wall has a considerable stabilizing effect on the floor,reducing the zone of buckling failure and minimizing floor heave deformation.It is crucial for the partition wall to be sufficiently high to prevent buckling failure and ensure stability.Through simulation calculations on an engineering example,it is confirmed that implementing a partition wall can effectively reduce floor heave and enhance the stability of tunnel floor.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote...BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote PFD recovery.AIM To analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfection for vaginal electrodes in conjunction with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for postpartum women with PFD.METHODS A total of 59 women with PFD who were admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to July 2022 were divided into two groups:Control group(n=27)received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and observation group(n=32)received intervention with pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in addition to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.The vaginal electrodes were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide and silver ion before treatment.Intervention for both groups was started 6 weeks postpartum,and rehabilitation lasted for 3 months.Pelvic floor muscle voltage,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle voltage,vaginal muscle tone,pelvic floor function,quality of life,and incidence of postpartum PFD were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,basic data and pelvic floor function were not significantly different between the two groups.After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvements in the maximum voltage and average voltage of pelvic floor muscles,contraction time of type I and type II fibers,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle tone,vaginal muscle voltage,and quality of life(GQOLI-74 reports),compared with the control group.The observation group had lower scores on the pelvic floor distress inventory(PFDI-20)and a lower incidence of postpartum PFD,indicating the effectiveness of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in promoting the recovery of maternal pelvic floor function.CONCLUSION The combination of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can improve pelvic floor muscle strength,promote the recovery of vaginal muscle tone,and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life.The use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfectant demonstrated favorable antibacterial efficacy and is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Spastic pelvic floor syndrome(SPFS)is a refractory pelvic floor disease characterized by abnormal(uncoordinated)contractions of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle during defecation,resultin...BACKGROUND Spastic pelvic floor syndrome(SPFS)is a refractory pelvic floor disease characterized by abnormal(uncoordinated)contractions of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle during defecation,resulting in rectal emptation and obstructive constipation.The clinical manifestations of SPFS are mainly characterized by difficult defecation,often accompanied by a sense of anal blockage and drooping.Manual defecation is usually needed during defecation.From physical examination,it is commonly observed that the patient's anal muscle tension is high,and it is difficult or even impossible to enter with his fingers.AIM To investigate the characteristics of anorectal pressure and botulinum toxin A injection combined with biofeedback in treating pelvic floor muscle spasm syndrome.METHODS Retrospective analysis of 50 patients diagnosed with pelvic floor spasm syndrome.All patients underwent pelvic floor surface electromyography assessment,anorectal dynamics examination,botulinum toxin type A injection 100 U intramuscular injection,and two cycles of biofeedback therapy.RESULTS After the botulinum toxin A injection combined with two cycles of biofeedback therapy,the patient's postoperative resting and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower than before surgery(P<0.05).Moreover,the electromyography index of the patients in the resting stage and post-resting stages was significantly lower than before surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin A injection combined with biofeedback can significantly reduce pelvic floor muscle tension in treating pelvic floor muscle spasm syndrome.Anorectal manometry is an effective method to evaluate the efficacy of treatment objectively.However,randomized controlled trials are needed.展开更多
Recently the manufacture of epoxy coating and flooring materials begun to be under strong pressure to use more environmentally friendly raw materials in its composition.First tendency to reduce of solvents and diluent...Recently the manufacture of epoxy coating and flooring materials begun to be under strong pressure to use more environmentally friendly raw materials in its composition.First tendency to reduce of solvents and diluents contained in the materials appeared at the end of 90´s.This situation was supported by the Council of Europe in 2004 to reduce VOC emissions to zero till 2020.Solvent materials were thus largely replaced by solvent free materials from which the volatile substances are not released into the air.But pressure continued to increase,and over the past decade began to take centre stage water-based epoxy.On the Czech market solvent based material is still occasionally used,but predominant are solvent free materials.There are no commonly used materials containing wastes as fillers in new water-borne and solvent-free epoxy materials.Characteristics identification of the waste material as a potential filler is a set of properties that determine the limits of secondary raw materials or waste as a filler.This paper describes the basic characteristics which must be selected to meet the requirements,to affect negatively the workability,sedimentation,properties and behavior of the final floor system.Some materials must comply with special requirements,such as resistance to chemicals,etc.Next part of paper talks about utilization of polymer floors and their mechanical properties.展开更多
Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s d...Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.展开更多
The flexible self-supporting electrode can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties while retaining high specific capacity,which meets the requirements of flexible batteries.Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),as...The flexible self-supporting electrode can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties while retaining high specific capacity,which meets the requirements of flexible batteries.Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),as a new generation of energy storage system,hold much higher theoretical energy density than traditional batteries,and they have attracted extensive attention from both the academic and industrial communities.Selection of a proper substrate material is important for the flexible self-supporting electrode.Carbon materials,with the advantages of light weight,high conductivity,strong structural plasticity,and low cost,provide the electrode with a large loading space for the active material and a conductive network.This makes the carbon materials meet the mechanical and electrochemical requirements of flexible electrodes.In this paper,the commonly used fabrication methods and recent research progresses of the flexible self-supporting cathode with a carbon material as the substrate are introduced.Various sulfur loading methods are summarized,which provides useful information for the structural design of the cathode.As the first review article of the carbon-based flexible self-supporting LSB cathodes,it provides valuable guidance for the researchers working in the field of LSB.展开更多
Stable non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts are one of the challenges to the fluctuating overall water splitting driven by re-newable energy.Herein,a novel self-supporting hierarchically porous Ni_(x)Fe-S/NiF...Stable non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts are one of the challenges to the fluctuating overall water splitting driven by re-newable energy.Herein,a novel self-supporting hierarchically porous Ni_(x)Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) heterostructure as bifunctional electrocatalyst was constructed based on porous Ni-Fe electrodeposition on three-dimensional(3D)carbon fiber cloth,in situ oxidation,and chemical sulfuration.Results showed that the Ni_(x)Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) heterostructure with a large specific surface area exhibits good bifunctional activity and stability for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)because of the abundance of active sites,synergistic effect of the heterostructure,superhydrophilic surface,and stable,self-supporting structure.The results further confirmed that the Ni_(x)Fe-S phase in the heterostructure is transformed into metal oxides/hydroxides and Ni_(3)S_(2) during OER.Compared with the commercial 20wt%Pt/C||IrO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5) electrolyzer,the self-supporting Ni1/5Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4)||Ni1/2Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) electrolyzer exhibits better stability and lower cell voltage in the fluctu-ating current density range of 10-500 mA/cm^(2).Particularly,the cell voltage of Ni1/5Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4)||Ni1/2Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) is only approximately 3.91 V at an industrial current density of 500 mA/cm^(2),which is lower than that of the 20wt%Pt/C||IrO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5) electrolyzer(i.e.,approximately 4.79 V).This work provides a promising strategy to develop excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for fluctuating overall water splitting.展开更多
Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for ...Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for water oxidation under normal alkaline test condition(1 M KOH at 25℃)and simulated industrial electrolysis conditions(5 M KOH at 65℃).Such optimized electrode exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with overpotential of 195 and 290 mV at current density of 100 and 400 mA·cm^(-2) under normal alkaline test condition.Notably,only over-potential of 156 and 201 mV were required to achieve the current density of 100 and 400mA·cm^(-2) under simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.No significant degradations were observed after long-term durability tests for both conditions.When using in two-electrode system,the operational voltages of 1.44 and 1.72 V were required to achieve a current density of 10 and 100 mA·cm^(-2) for the overall water splitting test(NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF||20%Pt/C).Additionally,the operational voltage of employing NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as both cathode and anode merely require 1.52 V at 50mA·cm^(-2) at simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.Notably,a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWEs)using NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as an anode catalyst exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 71.8%at current density of 400 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH at 60℃.Further experimental results reveal that sulfurized substrate not only improved the conductivity of NiFe LDH,but also regulated its electronic configurations and atomic composition,leading to the excellent activity.The easy-obtained and cost-effective integrated electrodes are expected to meet the large-scale application of industrial water electrolysis.展开更多
The integration of topology optimization(TO)and additive manufacturing(AM)technologies can create significant synergy benefits,while the lack of AM-friendly TO algorithms is a serious bottleneck for the application of...The integration of topology optimization(TO)and additive manufacturing(AM)technologies can create significant synergy benefits,while the lack of AM-friendly TO algorithms is a serious bottleneck for the application of TO in AM.In this paper,a TO method is proposed to design self-supporting structures with an explicit continuous self-supporting constraint,which can be adaptively activated and tightened during the optimization procedure.The TO procedure is suitable for various critical overhang angles(COA),which is integrated with build direction assignment to reduce performance loss.Besides,a triangular directional self-supporting constraint sensitivity filter is devised to promote the downward evolution of structures and maintain stability.Two numerical examples are presented;all the test cases have successfully converged and the optimized solutions demonstrate good manufacturability.In the meanwhile,a fully self-supporting design can be obtained with a slight cost in performance through combination with build direction assignment.展开更多
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using lateral window and crestal technique is considered as predictable methods to increase the residual bone height;however,this surgery is commonly complicated by Schneiderian memb...Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using lateral window and crestal technique is considered as predictable methods to increase the residual bone height;however,this surgery is commonly complicated by Schneiderian membrane perforation,which is closely related to anatomical factors.This article aimed to assess anatomical factors on successful augmentation procedures.After review of the current evidence on sinus augmentation techniques,anatomical factors related to the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane were assessed and a decision tree for the rational choice of surgical approaches was proposed.Schneiderian membrane perforation might occur when local tension exceeds its stretching potential,which is closely related to anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus.Choice of a surgical approach and clinical outcomes are influenced by the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane.In addition to the residual bone height,clinicians should also consider the stretching potential affected by the membrane health condition,the contours of the maxillary sinus,and the presence of antral septa when evaluating the choice of surgical approaches and clinical outcomes.展开更多
To meet the practical demand of wearable/portable electronics, developing high-efficiency and durable multifunctional catalyst and in-situ assembling catalysts into electrodes with flexible features are urgently neede...To meet the practical demand of wearable/portable electronics, developing high-efficiency and durable multifunctional catalyst and in-situ assembling catalysts into electrodes with flexible features are urgently needed but challenging. Herein, we report a simple route to fabricate bendable multifunctional electrodes by in-situ carbonization of metal ion absorbed polyaniline precursor. Alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in graphite layer are uniformly distributed in the N-doping carbon nanorod skeleton. Profiting from the favorable free-standing structure and the cooperative effect of metallic nanoparticles, graphitic layer and N doped-carbon architecture, the trifunctional electrodes exhibit prominent activities and stability toward HER, OER and ORR. Notably, due to the protection of carbon layer, the electrocatalysts show the reversible catalytic HER/OER properties. The overall water splitting device can continuously work for 12 h under frequent exchanges of cathode and anode. Importantly, the bendable metal air batteries fabricated by self-supported electrode not only displays the outstanding battery performance,achieving a decent peak power density(125 mW cm^(-2)) and exhibiting favorable charge-discharge durability of 22 h, but also holds superb flexible stability. Specially, a lightweight self-driven water splitting unit is demonstrated with stable hydrogen production.展开更多
Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating...Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating binder without capacity. Meanwhile, S as inert element in metal sulfides can not usually provide capacity. So, powdery metal sulfides only exhibit limiting practical capacity and poor cycling stability due to weak conductivity and low mass utilization. Herein, the novel self-supporting and dual-active Co-S nanosheets on carbon cloth (i.e. Co-S/CC) with hierarchically porous structure are constructed as cathode of AIBs. Co-S nanosheets are derived from ZIF-67 nanosheets on CC by a facile ligand replacement reaction. As a result, the binder-free Co-S/CC cathode with good conductivity delivers excellent initial discharge capacity of 383.4 m Ah g^(-1)(0.211 m Ah cm^(-2)) at current density of 200 m A g^(-1)and maintain reversible capacity of 156.9 m Ah g^(-1)(0.086 m Ah cm^(-2)) with Coulombic efficiency of 95.8% after 500 cycles,which are much higher than those of the traditional slurry-coating cathodes. Both Co and S as active elements in Co-S/CC contribute to capacity, which leads to a high mass utilization. This work provides a significant strategy for the construction of self-supporting metallic cathode for advanced high-energy density Al battery.展开更多
Synthesis of zeolite LTN (“Linde Type N”) was investigated under insertion of a SiO2-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. A new synthesis procedure was therefore developed...Synthesis of zeolite LTN (“Linde Type N”) was investigated under insertion of a SiO2-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. A new synthesis procedure was therefore developed applying a flotation mechanism with the aim to grow LTN in form of thin membrane like sheets. Preparation starts with preactivation of FR by slurrying first in alkaline solution, followed by an addition of aluminate solution and citric acid. The latter was added as suitable chelating agent for the initiation of the flotation process. In the course of these experiments, we succeeded in synthesizing zeo-lite LTN with more or less zeolite SOD as byproduct in the form of a stable compact membrane-like layer at low temperature of 60℃. The crystallization was performed under isotherm static conditions in an open reaction system without addition of organic templates as structure directing agents (OSDA’s). FR was utilized as a total substitute of sodium silicate in all experiments and an expansive pre-treatment procedure like calcinations was not needed. Furthermore, membrane formation with LTN of usual synthesis needs chemically functionalized supports. In contrast self-supporting membranous LTN layers were grown for the first time in the present study.展开更多
Taking B2C E-commerce enterprises as the center, it can be divided into a set of logistics activities upstream supply chain logistics producer to B2C e-commerce enterprises, and the B2C e-commerce enterprise logistics...Taking B2C E-commerce enterprises as the center, it can be divided into a set of logistics activities upstream supply chain logistics producer to B2C e-commerce enterprises, and the B2C e-commerce enterprise logistics to client consumer, and the paper focuses on the study of self-supporting logistics for the E-commerce enterprise. According to the development status of current B2C electronic commerce enterprise in our country and logistics, the paper study B2C electric business enterprise how to correctly choose the logistics mode and how to promote the business logistics operation level.展开更多
This study aimed to introduce a minimally invasive technique for maxillary sinus floor elevation using the lateral approach(lSFE)and to determine the factors that influence the stability of the grafted area in the sin...This study aimed to introduce a minimally invasive technique for maxillary sinus floor elevation using the lateral approach(lSFE)and to determine the factors that influence the stability of the grafted area in the sinus cavity.Thirty patients(30 implants)treated with lSFE using minimally invasive techniques from 2015 to 2019 were included in the study.Five aspects of the implant(central,mesial,distal,buccal,and palatal bone heights[BHs])were measured using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)before implant surgery,immediately after surgery(T0),6 months after surgery(T1),and at the last follow-up visit(T2).Patients’characteristics were collected.A small bone window(height,(4.40±0.74)mm;length,(6.26±1.03)mm)was prepared.No implant failed during the follow-up period(3.67±1.75)years.Three of the 30 implants exhibited perforations.Changes in BH of the five aspects of implants showed strong correlations with each other and BH decreased dramatically before second-stage surgery.Residual bone height(RBH)did not significantly influence BH changes,whereas smoking status and type of bone graft materials were the potentially influential factors.During the approximate three-year observation period,lSFE with a minimally invasive technique demonstrated high implant survival rate and limited bone reduction in grafted area.In conclusion,lSFE using minimally invasive techniques was a viable treatment option.Patients who were nonsmokers and whose sinus cavity was filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM)had significantly limited bone resorption in grafted area.展开更多
The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners reques...The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners requested advice on the reporting of children’s development below the floor of the test, so that individual strengths and needs can be described. This paper reports the third phase of research following an earlier Scoping Review and a wider literature review. To confirm quality control, Phase 3 was conducted in a retrospective manner using the same methodology as the earlier phases but in a reverse direction. Peer reviewer comments and key elements from the Scoping Review and keywords from the publications were tabulated. Data analysis included a change of perspective to that of the child and their individual rights with respect to the literature themes already described in Phase 2. These confirmed that there is little specific guidance in the literature, but that computational advances for homogeneous populations and especially disaggregated data offer some solutions. A greater balance between broad biopsychosocial models and standardised models of assessment should be sought by practitioners together with the use of disaggregated data to highlight issues that pertain to individual subsets of results. This will ensure that the child’s right for their individual strengths and needs to be described together with a plan for management, may be met.展开更多
In order to better meet the objective requirements of the use safety of the high-rise glulam building floor structure and the living comfort of the residents,the transient excitation,environmental excitation and frequ...In order to better meet the objective requirements of the use safety of the high-rise glulam building floor structure and the living comfort of the residents,the transient excitation,environmental excitation and frequency spectrum identification methods were used to carry out experimental modal test in-site on the three rooms numbered A,B and C of the same glulam structural building.The three rooms have different functions,different floor sizes and different floor supporting structures.The research results have shown that the first-order bending frequency of the floor structure of Room A is 27.50 Hz,the transverse second-order bending frequency is 34.75 Hz,the longitudinal second-order bending frequency is 53.25 Hz,and the first-order torsional frequency is 56.25 Hz.The reinforced wooden beam at the bottom of the floor of Room A increases the transverse stiffness of the floor structure,but does not offset the anisotropy caused by the longitudinally installed glulam floors.The fundamental frequency values of the floor structures of the three rooms numbered A,B,and C are 27.5,13 and 18 Hz,respectively.This has a relatively high innovation and reference significance for integrating the theory of structural dynamic characteristics with the dynamic testing technology,improving the design level of high-rise glulam structure buildings,and improving the living comfort of residents.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62188102)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2022JM-316)the Fund from the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.8091B042112)。
文摘A self-supporting T-shaped gate(SST-gate) GaN device and process method using electron beam lithography are proposed.An AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor(HEMT) device with a gate length of 100 nm is fabricated by this method.The current gain cutoff frequency(f_(T)) is 60 GHz,and the maximum oscillation frequency(f_(max)) is 104 GHz.The current collapse has improved by 13% at static bias of(V_(GSQ),V_(DSQ))=(-8 V,10 V),and gate manufacturing yield has improved by 17% compared with the traditional floating T-shaped gate(FT-gate) device.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22072107,21872105)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1464800)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Science&Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19DZ2271500)。
文摘Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among them,flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density,good safety,and stability.Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are the primary consideration in the development of flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries,and self-supported air cathodes are strong candidates because of their advantages including simplified fabrication process,reduced interfacial resistance,accelerated electron transfer,and good flexibility.This review outlines the research progress in the design and construction of nanoarray bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.Starting from the configuration and basic principles of zinc-air batteries and the strategies for the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,a detailed discussion of self-supported air cathodes on carbon and metal substrates and their uses in flexible zinc-air batteries will follow.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of flexible zinc-air batteries will be discussed.
基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation (23JCYBJC00660)Tianjin Enterprise Science and Technology Commissioner Project (23YDTPJC00490)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203066, 51973157, 61904123)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2023M742135)State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation, Tiangong University。
文摘Oxygen reduction reaction(ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are the key reactions in numerous renewable energy devices. Unlike conventional powdered catalysts, self-supported catalysts are extensively employed in oxygen electrocatalysis because of the enhanced electron-transfer rate, high specific surface area, and superior mechanical flexibility. Among the self-supported conductive substrates, carbon fiber usually exhibits several distinctive advantages, such as a straightforward preparation process, relatively low cost, good stability, and excellent conductivity. Against this background,carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts have been widely applied and studied in oxygen electrocatalysis, indicating a promising development direction in oxygen electrocatalyst research.Thus, it is essential to offer an overall summary of the research progress in this field to facilitate its subsequent development. Taking the regulatory mechanisms and modification methods as a starting point, this review comprehensively summarizes recent research on carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts in recent years. Firstly, a brief overview of the synthesis methods and regulatory mechanisms of carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts is given. Furthermore, the view also highlights the modification methods and research progress of self-supported electrocatalysts synthesized on carbon fiber-based substrates in recent years in terms of different dopant atoms. Finally, the prospects for the application of self-supported electrocatalysts based on carbon fiber in oxygen electrocatalysis and the possible future directions of their development are presented. This review summarizes recent developments and applications of self-supported bi-functional electrocatalysts with carbon fiber-based materials as the conducting substrate in oxygen electrocatalysis. It also lays a robust scientific foundation for the subsequent reasonable design of highly effective carbon fiber-based self-supported electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A202579)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277187,42007276,41972297)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.D2021202002)。
文摘The presence of horizontal layered rocks in tunnel engineering significantly impacts the stability and strength of the surrounding rock mass,leading to floor heave in the tunnel.This study focused on preparing layered specimens of rock-like material with varying thickness to investigate the failure behaviors of tunnel floors.The results indicate that thin-layered rock mass exhibits weak interlayer bonding,causing rock layers near the surface to buckle and break upwards when subjected to horizontal squeezing.With an increase in the layer thickness,a transition in failure mode occurs from upward buckling to shear failure along the plane,leading to a noticeable reduction in floor heave deformation.The primary cause of significant deformation in floor heave is upward buckling failure.To address this issue,the study proposes the installation of a partition wall in the middle of the floor to mitigate heave deformation of the rock layers.The results demonstrate that the partition wall has a considerable stabilizing effect on the floor,reducing the zone of buckling failure and minimizing floor heave deformation.It is crucial for the partition wall to be sufficiently high to prevent buckling failure and ensure stability.Through simulation calculations on an engineering example,it is confirmed that implementing a partition wall can effectively reduce floor heave and enhance the stability of tunnel floor.
文摘BACKGROUND Pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD)is related to muscle fiber tearing during childbirth,negatively impacting postpartum quality of life of parturient.Appropriate and effective intervention is necessary to promote PFD recovery.AIM To analyze the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfection for vaginal electrodes in conjunction with comprehensive rehabilitation therapy for postpartum women with PFD.METHODS A total of 59 women with PFD who were admitted to the hospital from May 2019 to July 2022 were divided into two groups:Control group(n=27)received comprehensive rehabilitation therapy and observation group(n=32)received intervention with pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in addition to comprehensive rehabilitation therapy.The vaginal electrodes were disinfected with hydrogen peroxide and silver ion before treatment.Intervention for both groups was started 6 weeks postpartum,and rehabilitation lasted for 3 months.Pelvic floor muscle voltage,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle voltage,vaginal muscle tone,pelvic floor function,quality of life,and incidence of postpartum PFD were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Before comprehensive rehabilitation treatment,basic data and pelvic floor function were not significantly different between the two groups.After treatment,the observation group showed significant improvements in the maximum voltage and average voltage of pelvic floor muscles,contraction time of type I and type II fibers,pelvic floor muscle strength,vaginal muscle tone,vaginal muscle voltage,and quality of life(GQOLI-74 reports),compared with the control group.The observation group had lower scores on the pelvic floor distress inventory(PFDI-20)and a lower incidence of postpartum PFD,indicating the effectiveness of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument in promoting the recovery of maternal pelvic floor function.CONCLUSION The combination of the pelvic floor biostimulation feedback instrument and comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can improve pelvic floor muscle strength,promote the recovery of vaginal muscle tone,and improve pelvic floor function and quality of life.The use of hydrogen peroxide and silver ion disinfectant demonstrated favorable antibacterial efficacy and is worthy of clinical application.
文摘BACKGROUND Spastic pelvic floor syndrome(SPFS)is a refractory pelvic floor disease characterized by abnormal(uncoordinated)contractions of the external anal sphincter and puborectalis muscle during defecation,resulting in rectal emptation and obstructive constipation.The clinical manifestations of SPFS are mainly characterized by difficult defecation,often accompanied by a sense of anal blockage and drooping.Manual defecation is usually needed during defecation.From physical examination,it is commonly observed that the patient's anal muscle tension is high,and it is difficult or even impossible to enter with his fingers.AIM To investigate the characteristics of anorectal pressure and botulinum toxin A injection combined with biofeedback in treating pelvic floor muscle spasm syndrome.METHODS Retrospective analysis of 50 patients diagnosed with pelvic floor spasm syndrome.All patients underwent pelvic floor surface electromyography assessment,anorectal dynamics examination,botulinum toxin type A injection 100 U intramuscular injection,and two cycles of biofeedback therapy.RESULTS After the botulinum toxin A injection combined with two cycles of biofeedback therapy,the patient's postoperative resting and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower than before surgery(P<0.05).Moreover,the electromyography index of the patients in the resting stage and post-resting stages was significantly lower than before surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Botulinum toxin A injection combined with biofeedback can significantly reduce pelvic floor muscle tension in treating pelvic floor muscle spasm syndrome.Anorectal manometry is an effective method to evaluate the efficacy of treatment objectively.However,randomized controlled trials are needed.
基金supported by the project"OKTAEDR-partnership and building network."Project registration number is cz.1.07./2.4.00/31.0012.
文摘Recently the manufacture of epoxy coating and flooring materials begun to be under strong pressure to use more environmentally friendly raw materials in its composition.First tendency to reduce of solvents and diluents contained in the materials appeared at the end of 90´s.This situation was supported by the Council of Europe in 2004 to reduce VOC emissions to zero till 2020.Solvent materials were thus largely replaced by solvent free materials from which the volatile substances are not released into the air.But pressure continued to increase,and over the past decade began to take centre stage water-based epoxy.On the Czech market solvent based material is still occasionally used,but predominant are solvent free materials.There are no commonly used materials containing wastes as fillers in new water-borne and solvent-free epoxy materials.Characteristics identification of the waste material as a potential filler is a set of properties that determine the limits of secondary raw materials or waste as a filler.This paper describes the basic characteristics which must be selected to meet the requirements,to affect negatively the workability,sedimentation,properties and behavior of the final floor system.Some materials must comply with special requirements,such as resistance to chemicals,etc.Next part of paper talks about utilization of polymer floors and their mechanical properties.
文摘Machining is as old as humanity, and changes in temperature in both the machine’s internal and external environments can be of great concern as they affect the machine’s thermal stability and, thus, the machine’s dimensional accuracy. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work, which aimed to analyze the effect of the internal temperature of a machine tool as the machine is put into operation and vary the external temperature, the machine floor temperature. Some experiments are carried out under controlled conditions to study how machine tool components get heated up and how this heating up affects the machine’s accuracy due to thermally induced deviations. Additionally, another angle is added by varying the machine floor temperature. The parameters mentioned above are explored in line with the overall thermal stability of the machine tool and its dimensional accuracy. A Robodrill CNC machine tool is used. The CNC was first soaked with thermal energy by gradually raising the machine floor temperature to a certain level before putting the machine in operation. The machine was monitored, and analytical methods were deplored to evaluate thermal stability. Secondly, the machine was run idle for some time under raised floor temperature before it was put into operation. Data was also collected and analyzed. It is observed that machine thermal stability can be achieved in several ways depending on how the above parameters are joggled. This paper, in conclusion, reinforces the idea of machine tool warm-up process in conjunction with a carefully analyzed and established machine floor temperature variation for the approximation of the machine tool’s thermally stability to map the long-time behavior of the machine tool.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21978110 and 51772126)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipal(No.L182062)+6 种基金the Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Committee Organization Department(No.2018000021223ZK21)the Yue Qi Young Scholar Project of China University of Mining&Technology(Beijing)(No.2017QN17)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020XJJD01 and 2020YJSJD01)Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Program(Nos.20200201187JC and 20190101009JH)the"13th five‐year"Science and Technology Project of Jilin Provincial Education Department(No.JJKH20200407KJ)Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission Program(No.2020C026‐3)Jilin Province Fund for Talent Development Program(No.[2019]874).
文摘The flexible self-supporting electrode can maintain good mechanical and electrical properties while retaining high specific capacity,which meets the requirements of flexible batteries.Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs),as a new generation of energy storage system,hold much higher theoretical energy density than traditional batteries,and they have attracted extensive attention from both the academic and industrial communities.Selection of a proper substrate material is important for the flexible self-supporting electrode.Carbon materials,with the advantages of light weight,high conductivity,strong structural plasticity,and low cost,provide the electrode with a large loading space for the active material and a conductive network.This makes the carbon materials meet the mechanical and electrochemical requirements of flexible electrodes.In this paper,the commonly used fabrication methods and recent research progresses of the flexible self-supporting cathode with a carbon material as the substrate are introduced.Various sulfur loading methods are summarized,which provides useful information for the structural design of the cathode.As the first review article of the carbon-based flexible self-supporting LSB cathodes,it provides valuable guidance for the researchers working in the field of LSB.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51874020 and 52004022)
文摘Stable non-noble metal bifunctional electrocatalysts are one of the challenges to the fluctuating overall water splitting driven by re-newable energy.Herein,a novel self-supporting hierarchically porous Ni_(x)Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) heterostructure as bifunctional electrocatalyst was constructed based on porous Ni-Fe electrodeposition on three-dimensional(3D)carbon fiber cloth,in situ oxidation,and chemical sulfuration.Results showed that the Ni_(x)Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) heterostructure with a large specific surface area exhibits good bifunctional activity and stability for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)because of the abundance of active sites,synergistic effect of the heterostructure,superhydrophilic surface,and stable,self-supporting structure.The results further confirmed that the Ni_(x)Fe-S phase in the heterostructure is transformed into metal oxides/hydroxides and Ni_(3)S_(2) during OER.Compared with the commercial 20wt%Pt/C||IrO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5) electrolyzer,the self-supporting Ni1/5Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4)||Ni1/2Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) electrolyzer exhibits better stability and lower cell voltage in the fluctu-ating current density range of 10-500 mA/cm^(2).Particularly,the cell voltage of Ni1/5Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4)||Ni1/2Fe-S/NiFe_(2)O_(4) is only approximately 3.91 V at an industrial current density of 500 mA/cm^(2),which is lower than that of the 20wt%Pt/C||IrO_(2)-Ta_(2)O_(5) electrolyzer(i.e.,approximately 4.79 V).This work provides a promising strategy to develop excellent bifunctional electrocatalysts for fluctuating overall water splitting.
文摘Developing effective and practical electrocatalyst under industrial electrolysis conditions is critical for renewable hydrogen production.Herein,we report the self-supporting NiFe LDH-MoS_(x) integrated electrode for water oxidation under normal alkaline test condition(1 M KOH at 25℃)and simulated industrial electrolysis conditions(5 M KOH at 65℃).Such optimized electrode exhibits excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance with overpotential of 195 and 290 mV at current density of 100 and 400 mA·cm^(-2) under normal alkaline test condition.Notably,only over-potential of 156 and 201 mV were required to achieve the current density of 100 and 400mA·cm^(-2) under simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.No significant degradations were observed after long-term durability tests for both conditions.When using in two-electrode system,the operational voltages of 1.44 and 1.72 V were required to achieve a current density of 10 and 100 mA·cm^(-2) for the overall water splitting test(NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF||20%Pt/C).Additionally,the operational voltage of employing NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as both cathode and anode merely require 1.52 V at 50mA·cm^(-2) at simulated industrial electrolysis conditions.Notably,a membrane electrode assembly(MEA)for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWEs)using NiFe LDH-MoS_(x)/INF as an anode catalyst exhibited an energy conversion efficiency of 71.8%at current density of 400 mA·cm^(-2)in 1 M KOH at 60℃.Further experimental results reveal that sulfurized substrate not only improved the conductivity of NiFe LDH,but also regulated its electronic configurations and atomic composition,leading to the excellent activity.The easy-obtained and cost-effective integrated electrodes are expected to meet the large-scale application of industrial water electrolysis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB1106303)Scientific Research Foundation of CAUC(2017QD10S).
文摘The integration of topology optimization(TO)and additive manufacturing(AM)technologies can create significant synergy benefits,while the lack of AM-friendly TO algorithms is a serious bottleneck for the application of TO in AM.In this paper,a TO method is proposed to design self-supporting structures with an explicit continuous self-supporting constraint,which can be adaptively activated and tightened during the optimization procedure.The TO procedure is suitable for various critical overhang angles(COA),which is integrated with build direction assignment to reduce performance loss.Besides,a triangular directional self-supporting constraint sensitivity filter is devised to promote the downward evolution of structures and maintain stability.Two numerical examples are presented;all the test cases have successfully converged and the optimized solutions demonstrate good manufacturability.In the meanwhile,a fully self-supporting design can be obtained with a slight cost in performance through combination with build direction assignment.
基金supported by grants from:1.Young Clinical Research Fund of the Chinese Stomatological Association[grant number CSA-SIS2022-19]Sichuan Science and Technology Program:[grant number 2023NSFSC0567].
文摘Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using lateral window and crestal technique is considered as predictable methods to increase the residual bone height;however,this surgery is commonly complicated by Schneiderian membrane perforation,which is closely related to anatomical factors.This article aimed to assess anatomical factors on successful augmentation procedures.After review of the current evidence on sinus augmentation techniques,anatomical factors related to the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane were assessed and a decision tree for the rational choice of surgical approaches was proposed.Schneiderian membrane perforation might occur when local tension exceeds its stretching potential,which is closely related to anatomical variations of the maxillary sinus.Choice of a surgical approach and clinical outcomes are influenced by the stretching potential of Schneiderian membrane.In addition to the residual bone height,clinicians should also consider the stretching potential affected by the membrane health condition,the contours of the maxillary sinus,and the presence of antral septa when evaluating the choice of surgical approaches and clinical outcomes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants Nos. 51972349, U1801255 and 91963210)。
文摘To meet the practical demand of wearable/portable electronics, developing high-efficiency and durable multifunctional catalyst and in-situ assembling catalysts into electrodes with flexible features are urgently needed but challenging. Herein, we report a simple route to fabricate bendable multifunctional electrodes by in-situ carbonization of metal ion absorbed polyaniline precursor. Alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in graphite layer are uniformly distributed in the N-doping carbon nanorod skeleton. Profiting from the favorable free-standing structure and the cooperative effect of metallic nanoparticles, graphitic layer and N doped-carbon architecture, the trifunctional electrodes exhibit prominent activities and stability toward HER, OER and ORR. Notably, due to the protection of carbon layer, the electrocatalysts show the reversible catalytic HER/OER properties. The overall water splitting device can continuously work for 12 h under frequent exchanges of cathode and anode. Importantly, the bendable metal air batteries fabricated by self-supported electrode not only displays the outstanding battery performance,achieving a decent peak power density(125 mW cm^(-2)) and exhibiting favorable charge-discharge durability of 22 h, but also holds superb flexible stability. Specially, a lightweight self-driven water splitting unit is demonstrated with stable hydrogen production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51874020 and 52004022)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-IP-19-001)。
文摘Metal sulfides with high theoretical capacities are expected as promising cathode materials of Al batteries(AIBs). However, powdery active materials are mainly synthesized and loaded on current collector by insulating binder without capacity. Meanwhile, S as inert element in metal sulfides can not usually provide capacity. So, powdery metal sulfides only exhibit limiting practical capacity and poor cycling stability due to weak conductivity and low mass utilization. Herein, the novel self-supporting and dual-active Co-S nanosheets on carbon cloth (i.e. Co-S/CC) with hierarchically porous structure are constructed as cathode of AIBs. Co-S nanosheets are derived from ZIF-67 nanosheets on CC by a facile ligand replacement reaction. As a result, the binder-free Co-S/CC cathode with good conductivity delivers excellent initial discharge capacity of 383.4 m Ah g^(-1)(0.211 m Ah cm^(-2)) at current density of 200 m A g^(-1)and maintain reversible capacity of 156.9 m Ah g^(-1)(0.086 m Ah cm^(-2)) with Coulombic efficiency of 95.8% after 500 cycles,which are much higher than those of the traditional slurry-coating cathodes. Both Co and S as active elements in Co-S/CC contribute to capacity, which leads to a high mass utilization. This work provides a significant strategy for the construction of self-supporting metallic cathode for advanced high-energy density Al battery.
文摘Synthesis of zeolite LTN (“Linde Type N”) was investigated under insertion of a SiO2-rich filtration residue (FR) from waste water cleaning of the silane production. A new synthesis procedure was therefore developed applying a flotation mechanism with the aim to grow LTN in form of thin membrane like sheets. Preparation starts with preactivation of FR by slurrying first in alkaline solution, followed by an addition of aluminate solution and citric acid. The latter was added as suitable chelating agent for the initiation of the flotation process. In the course of these experiments, we succeeded in synthesizing zeo-lite LTN with more or less zeolite SOD as byproduct in the form of a stable compact membrane-like layer at low temperature of 60℃. The crystallization was performed under isotherm static conditions in an open reaction system without addition of organic templates as structure directing agents (OSDA’s). FR was utilized as a total substitute of sodium silicate in all experiments and an expansive pre-treatment procedure like calcinations was not needed. Furthermore, membrane formation with LTN of usual synthesis needs chemically functionalized supports. In contrast self-supporting membranous LTN layers were grown for the first time in the present study.
文摘Taking B2C E-commerce enterprises as the center, it can be divided into a set of logistics activities upstream supply chain logistics producer to B2C e-commerce enterprises, and the B2C e-commerce enterprise logistics to client consumer, and the paper focuses on the study of self-supporting logistics for the E-commerce enterprise. According to the development status of current B2C electronic commerce enterprise in our country and logistics, the paper study B2C electric business enterprise how to correctly choose the logistics mode and how to promote the business logistics operation level.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970986,81771125)Exploration and R&D Project of West China Hospital of Stomatology(LCYJ2020-DC-1)+1 种基金Sichuan University Postdoctoral Innovation Fund(2023SCU12040)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2022TQ0222).
文摘This study aimed to introduce a minimally invasive technique for maxillary sinus floor elevation using the lateral approach(lSFE)and to determine the factors that influence the stability of the grafted area in the sinus cavity.Thirty patients(30 implants)treated with lSFE using minimally invasive techniques from 2015 to 2019 were included in the study.Five aspects of the implant(central,mesial,distal,buccal,and palatal bone heights[BHs])were measured using cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)before implant surgery,immediately after surgery(T0),6 months after surgery(T1),and at the last follow-up visit(T2).Patients’characteristics were collected.A small bone window(height,(4.40±0.74)mm;length,(6.26±1.03)mm)was prepared.No implant failed during the follow-up period(3.67±1.75)years.Three of the 30 implants exhibited perforations.Changes in BH of the five aspects of implants showed strong correlations with each other and BH decreased dramatically before second-stage surgery.Residual bone height(RBH)did not significantly influence BH changes,whereas smoking status and type of bone graft materials were the potentially influential factors.During the approximate three-year observation period,lSFE with a minimally invasive technique demonstrated high implant survival rate and limited bone reduction in grafted area.In conclusion,lSFE using minimally invasive techniques was a viable treatment option.Patients who were nonsmokers and whose sinus cavity was filled with deproteinized bovine bone mineral(DBBM)had significantly limited bone resorption in grafted area.
文摘The test floor effects seen in standardised tests lead to a standardised score of 1 or less with a flat profile that hides a child’s individual strengths and needs. The Griffiths III community of practitioners requested advice on the reporting of children’s development below the floor of the test, so that individual strengths and needs can be described. This paper reports the third phase of research following an earlier Scoping Review and a wider literature review. To confirm quality control, Phase 3 was conducted in a retrospective manner using the same methodology as the earlier phases but in a reverse direction. Peer reviewer comments and key elements from the Scoping Review and keywords from the publications were tabulated. Data analysis included a change of perspective to that of the child and their individual rights with respect to the literature themes already described in Phase 2. These confirmed that there is little specific guidance in the literature, but that computational advances for homogeneous populations and especially disaggregated data offer some solutions. A greater balance between broad biopsychosocial models and standardised models of assessment should be sought by practitioners together with the use of disaggregated data to highlight issues that pertain to individual subsets of results. This will ensure that the child’s right for their individual strengths and needs to be described together with a plan for management, may be met.
文摘In order to better meet the objective requirements of the use safety of the high-rise glulam building floor structure and the living comfort of the residents,the transient excitation,environmental excitation and frequency spectrum identification methods were used to carry out experimental modal test in-site on the three rooms numbered A,B and C of the same glulam structural building.The three rooms have different functions,different floor sizes and different floor supporting structures.The research results have shown that the first-order bending frequency of the floor structure of Room A is 27.50 Hz,the transverse second-order bending frequency is 34.75 Hz,the longitudinal second-order bending frequency is 53.25 Hz,and the first-order torsional frequency is 56.25 Hz.The reinforced wooden beam at the bottom of the floor of Room A increases the transverse stiffness of the floor structure,but does not offset the anisotropy caused by the longitudinally installed glulam floors.The fundamental frequency values of the floor structures of the three rooms numbered A,B,and C are 27.5,13 and 18 Hz,respectively.This has a relatively high innovation and reference significance for integrating the theory of structural dynamic characteristics with the dynamic testing technology,improving the design level of high-rise glulam structure buildings,and improving the living comfort of residents.