Experimental study on axial compressive behaviors of prefabricated composite thermal insulation walls after single-side fire exposure

The axial bearing capacity of prefabricated composite walls composed of inner and outer concrete wythes,expandable polystyrene(EPS)boards and steel sleeve connectors is investigated.An experimental study on the axial bearing capacity of four prefabricated composite walls after fire treatment is carried out.Two of the prefabricated composite walls are normal-temperature specimens,and the others are treated with fire.The damage modes and crack development are observed,and the axial bearing capacity,lateral deformation of the specimens,and the concrete and reinforcing bar strain are tested.The results show that the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens after a fire is less than that of normal-temperature specimens;when the insulation board thicknesses are 40 mm and 60 mm,the decrease amplitudes are 20.8%and 16.8%,respectively.The maximum lateral deformation of specimens after a fire is greater than that of normal-temperature specimens,and under the same level of load,the lateral deformation increases as the insulation board thickness increases.Moreover,the strain values of the concrete and reinforcing bars of specimens after a fire are greater than those of normal-temperature specimens,and the strain values increase as the thickness of insulation board increases.

CFD Simulations of Wind Effect on Net Solar Heat Gain of South Walls with Internal Insulation

Computational fluid dynamics( CFD) techniques are used to investigate effects of both wind direction and wind speed on net solar heat gain of south wall with internal insulation in winter.Results show that wind effect has a significant influence on the net solar heat gain,where the impact of wind direction is stronger than that of wind speed. For regions in lower reaches of the Yangtze River,difference of their average net solar heat gains( NSHGS) is about 20% due to various wind speeds and wind directions.Buildings in districts with a dominant wind direction of north achieve the highest solar energy utilization.

Suitability and Construction of Self-Insulation Walls in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone of Southern Shaanxi

In this paper, the suitability and construction technology of self-insulation walls were studied under the specific climatic conditions and regional resources of Hanzhong and Ankang in the hot summer and cold winter zone of Southern Shaanxi. Through the calculation of heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia index, combined with the specifications of the shale hollow brick and aerated concrete block of Hanzhong and Ankang in southern Shaanxi, the thermal performance and suitable thickness of the external wall using self-insulation materials that meet the Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings(DBJ61-65-2011) in Shaanxi Province were obtained. The results showed that the self-insulation wall had technical suitability in the hot summer and cold winter zone. The research results provide not only a theoretical basis for the external wall insulation design of urban residential buildings in the hot summer and cold winter zone of southern Shaanxi, but also a reference for designers to carry out energy-saving design of external walls of residential buildings in other similar climate zones.

Towards experimental studying the airborne sound insulation of light frame walls with staggered studs

Light frame walls(LFWs) serve as common partition walls in prefabricated buildings due to their lightweight nature, costeffectiveness, energy efficiency, and adaptability for rapid on-site assembly. However, their acoustic insulation capability is hindered by issues such as sound bridges, resonance, and coincidence dips, resulting in inadequate sound insulation. This study aims to propose LFW designs with superior acoustic insulation suitable for practical engineering while meeting prevailing national standards. Nine full-scale LFW configurations were subjected to laboratory testing to evaluate the impact of staggered stud arrangements, stud types, and incorporation of compounded materials. The tests were performed between 100 and 5000 Hz,and the sound pressure level and reverberation time at 1/3 octave band were measured and used to calculate the weighted sound insulation index(Rw). Results demonstrated that the outlined design modifications significantly enhanced the sound insulation of the LFW. These modifications effectively mitigate the influence of sound bridges while addressing resonance and coincidence dips inherent in the wall system. Particularly noteworthy was the superior sound insulation achieved by staggered-stud LFWs with compounded materials, surpassing that of autoclaved lightweight concrete walls commonly used in prefabricated constructions despite having lesser thickness and surface density. Rwvalues increased from 43 to 54 dB compared to conventional LFWs, translating to a notable elevation in airborne sound insulation level from 4 to 7 as an internal separation component,meeting the requisite standards for most applications.

The Theoretically Studies and Field Testing of Self-Insulation Exterior Wall in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone

The energy efficiency design of the exterior wall in the buildings of the hot summer and cold winter zone of China should consider the heat prevention in summer and the heat insulation in winter. The self-insulation of the exterior?wall is a more feasible design to satisfy the energy efficiency of buildings in the?zone. However, the systematic research is urgently needed for the self-insulation of the exterior wall in the hot summer and cold winter zone of China. The paper tested the thermal performance of the common non-clay materials such as shale sintered hollow brick, sand autoclaved aerated concrete block, etc. by means of indoor experiments. The energy efficiency effect of the common materials was verified using dynamic calculation soft PKPM and several constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge were simulated, too. Besides, the tests of the thermal performance of exterior wall in real constructions were carried out to testify the practical effect of the recommended constitutions of exterior wall with different main bricks and insulation materials on the heat bridge. The conclusions are: the physical and thermal properties of the six non-clay wall material are better than the clay porous brick;the thermal performance of the non-clay brick can be improved obviously through the rational arrangement of the holes;shale sintered hollow brick after increasing the holes and rationalizing the hole arrangement and sand autoclaved aerated concrete block are recommended for buildings in the hot summer and cold winter area of China. The dynamic calculation results show that the thermal performances?of the non-clay materials are all satisfied with the energy efficiency;The heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall with composition?③,?in which?the main wall was sand autoclaved aerated concrete block and the material on the heat bridge was sand autoclaved aerated concrete plate, is the smallest among the three recommended compositions.

Performance of Thermal Insulation of Different Composite Walls and Roofs Materials Used for Energy Efficient Building Construction in Iraq

This study numerically involves the performance of thermal insulation of different types of composite walls and roofs to demonstrate the best model that can be used for energy-efficient building construction in Iraq.The mathematical model is solved by building its code using the Transmission Matrix Method in MATLAB software.The weather data of 21st July 2022 in Baghdad City/Iraq is selected as a test day.The wall types are selected:the first type consists of cement mortar,brick,and gypsum,the second type consists of cement mortar,brick,gypsum,and plaster and the third type consists of cement mortar,brick,gypsum,air cavity,and sheathing timber.The roof types are chosen:the first type consists of reinforced concrete,gypsum,and plaster,and the second type consists of the precast concrete flag,river sand,tar,reinforced concrete,gypsum,and plaster.The obtained solutions are compared with previous studies for the same city but with different types of walls and roofs.The findings display that the second and third types of walls reduce the entry heat flux by 4%and 10%as compared to the first type of wall.Also,the results indicate that the second type of roof reduces the entry heat flux by 21%as compared to the first type of roof.The results confirm that the best models of walls and roofs in Iraq are the third and second types,respectively,as compared to other models and hence,the performance of insulation material strongly depends on the materials used while building them.

Anomalous Josephson current in quantum anomalous Hall insulator-based superconducting junctions with a domain wall structure

We theoretically study the Josephson effect in a quantum anomalous Hall insulator(QAHI)nanoribbon with a domain wall structure and covered by the superconductor.The anomalous Josephson current,the nonzero supercurrent at the zero superconducting phase difference,appears with the nonzero magnetization and the suitable azimuth angle of the domain wall.Dependent on the configuration of the domain wall,the anomalous current peaks in the Bloch type but disappears in the Néel type because the y-component of magnetization is necessary to break symmetry to arouse the anomalous current.The phase shift of the anomalous current is tunable by the magnetization,the azimuth angle,or the thickness of the domain wall.By introducing a bare QAHI region in the middle of the junction which is not covered by the superconductor,the anomalous Josephson effect is enhanced such that the phase shift can exceedπ.Thus,a continuous change between 0 andπjunctions is realized via regulating the configuration of the domain wall or the magnetization strength.As long as an s-wave superconductor is placed on the top of the QAHI with a domain wall structure,this proposal can be experimentally fabricated and useful for the phase battery or superconducting quantum bit.

模卡砌块组合保温墙体热工性能及其经济性分析

随着超低能耗建筑、近零能耗及零能耗建筑的发展,新型外墙围护结构引起广泛地研究和重视.模卡砌块作为一种新型外墙自保温技术,开始在上海、江苏等国内一些发达地区被试点和应用,但目前暂无相应规范指导,其热工性能及经济性仍缺乏系统性研究.文中以夏热冬冷地区某公共建筑为例,采用DeST能耗模拟软件,建立了传统外保温墙体、模卡砌块组合保温墙体三维分析模型,研究了膨胀聚苯板、岩棉板、聚氨酯板、挤塑聚苯板4种不同类型保温材料及6种不同厚度(30、50、70、90、110、130 mm)下模卡砌块组合保温墙体的热工性能.进一步,采用净现值法,对不同工况下的砌块组合保温墙体进行了经济性分析.研究表明:在相同外墙保温厚度下,聚氨酯板的保温效果最佳;不同保温材料厚度对应的净现值都呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,结合净现值和节能率,其最优厚度分别为70、70、40、60 mm,对应的节能率分别在达到我国建筑节能65%的标准上再降低7.08%、6.81%、5.1%、6.5%.

装配式日光温室柔性复合墙体性能测试与分析

为解决装配式日光温室柔性墙体蓄热能力不足的问题,该研究通过在墙体内侧附加蓄热层的方式,设计了一种集蓄热、保温和防水多功能于一体的装配式柔性复合墙体。首先,通过对多种材料进行综合性能评估,筛选出优质的表层材料和保温材料,将其复合制成柔性保温墙体;其次,将水、沙子、相变水凝胶(phase change hydrogel,PCH)作为蓄热层固定在柔性保温墙体内侧,从而形成柔性复合墙体;最后,在4个模型温室中分别对墙体进行性能测试,以未附加蓄热层的柔性保温墙体为对照(CK),分析试验墙体的蓄热和保温性能。单一墙体材料的性能测试结果表明,表层材料中镀铝编织布、黑色淋膜毡抗拉性能好且不透水,断裂强力分别为1.06、0.56 kN,断裂伸长率分别为30.99%、65.91%;保温材料中再生棉、太空棉和空气柱保温效果较好且使用成本低,热阻值分别为0.30、0.50、0.76(m^(2)·℃)/W。柔性复合墙体的性能测试结果表明,所有处理中5 kg/m^(2) PCH柔性复合墙体的蓄热和保温性能最佳,热阻值为2.50(m^(2)·℃)/W,单位面积累计吸热量与放热量分别为1.48、1.13 MJ/m^(2);在典型晴天和阴天条件下,该处理的夜间室内平均温度分别比CK提高了3.08、1.87℃。上述分析结果表明,通过在柔性保温墙体内侧附加相变蓄热层的方式,能够增强墙体的蓄热和保温性能。研究结果可为今后装配式日光温室柔性复合墙体设计及材料选择提供理论依据。

外墙保温一体化系统黏结性能影响因素及机理研究

外墙保温系统是建筑节能的主要路径之一,建筑外墙保温一体化系统是目前上海市主流应用的外墙保温系统。基于外墙保温一体化系统应用现状,分析了不同类型界面处理剂,不同施工环境条件和拉拔尺寸等因素对外墙保温一体化系统黏结性能的影响规律。研究成果对促进外墙保温一体化系统性能提升、保障建筑外立面安全具有指导意义。

木结构墙体空气声隔声性能

【目的】研究全频段范围内木结构墙体空气声隔声性能,明确限制常规构造木骨架墙体隔声性能的瓶颈,揭示设置隔声垫层、改变骨架类型、设置窗体等设计参数对墙体隔声性能的影响规律,提出高空气声隔声等级的木结构墙体体系,为木结构墙体在装配式建筑中的高效应用提供技术支撑。【方法】通过小尺寸材料层面的阻抗管法试验,比较分析60~6300 Hz频率范围内工业级弹性橡胶板(橡胶板)、聚氨酯橡胶隔音减震板(聚氨酯板)和聚苯乙烯挤塑板(XPS板)等隔声垫层的隔声性能;基于实验室法开展全尺寸墙体在100~5000 Hz频率范围内的隔声试验,通过1/3倍频程频段18个中心频率对应的单值隔声量,得到墙体计权隔声量(R_(w))、频谱修正量和隔声等级,并与装配式建筑中广泛应用的蒸压加气混凝土(ALC)墙体和正交胶合木(CLT)墙体进行比较。【结果】相较同一厚度的聚氨酯板和XPS板,全频段范围内橡胶板的隔声量较高,且其隔声性能随板厚增加而提高,试验范围内,10 mm厚橡胶板隔声效率最高。常规构造木骨架墙体的隔声量整体上随声波频率增加而提高,该墙体体系在125和3150 Hz处分别出现明显的共振隔声低谷和吻合隔声低谷,其R_(w)为43 dB,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别为4和3级;在墙骨架和定向刨花板(OSB)间设置10 mm厚橡胶板后,受制于木龙骨的声桥作用,墙体隔声性能提升有限,R_(w)增至45 dB,隔声等级未发生改变,常规构造和设置橡胶板的木骨架墙体体系均不满足现行国家标准对普通住宅墙体的隔声要求。当墙骨架采用轻钢骨架且轻钢骨架两侧均覆面双层石膏板(GB)时,该墙体体系的R_(w)增至50 dB,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别升至6和5级;在石膏板和轻钢骨架间设置10 mm压缩玻璃棉条后,R_(w)增至51 dB,隔声等级未发生改变,该轻钢骨架墙体体系满足现行国家标准对普通住宅墙体的隔声要求。与200 mm厚单层和复合ALC墙体相比,试验范围内轻钢骨架墙体的厚度和面密度分别降低35%和70%,但空气声隔声性能更高;针对道路交通、企业生产经营和日常生活等噪音对应的频率范围(160~630 Hz),该轻钢骨架墙体体系的隔声性能增加明显。在常规构造木骨架墙体基础上开洞安装R_(w)为33 dB的窗体,墙体在全频段范围内的隔声频谱特性曲线未发生明显变化,其R_(w)达44 dB,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别为5和4级;常规构造木骨架墙体一侧的GB由单层增至双层、木骨架和OSB间设置10 mm厚橡胶板、木骨架和GB间设置金属减震龙骨制成复合墙体,在复合墙体上安装窗体,该墙体的R_(w)增至48 dB,且在低频段下的共振隔声低谷和高频段下的吻合效应低谷消除或明显变浅,用作隔墙或围护构件时的空气声隔声等级分别升至6和5级,满足现行国家标准对普通住宅墙体的隔声要求。【结果】与木骨架墙体相比,CLT墙体的空气声隔声性能较低;共振隔声低谷、吻合隔声低谷和声桥效应是限制常规构造木骨架墙体隔声性能的瓶颈因素,导致该墙体体系不能满足现行国家标准对普通住宅墙体的隔声要求。将木骨架替换为轻钢骨架,并设置隔声垫层、增加墙面板数量,能够有效提高墙体的空气声隔声性能。

“结构-隔热”一体化墙体粮食侧压力下力学性能影响因素分析

“结构-隔热”一体化墙体是一种新型粮食平房仓构件.为研究墙体参数对其在粮食荷载作用下的力学性能影响,通过有限元模拟分析,探究了连接件的直径、间距、墙体厚度及保温板厚度对墙体挠度、应力的影响.结果表明:在常用范围内,连接件直径及墙体厚度对“结构-隔热”一体化墙体的挠度和应力影响较为显著,连接件的间距及保温板的厚度影响较小.墙体挠度随连接件直径的增大而减小,但易出现应力集中、突变现象.墙体挠度随墙厚度的增大而减小,且内外叶墙单独受力,内叶墙在一定范围内越厚使连接件扭曲越小,对结构越有利.研究成果为“结构-隔热”一体化墙体在实际工程中的设计及优化提供参考.

寒冷地区光伏墙体综合传热特性的数值模拟研究

近年来BIPV项目逐渐增多,对光伏墙体的研究多以光伏组件电热性能为重点,少有结合节能墙体热工性能对不同构造光伏墙体的综合传热特性优化开展的研究。以天津地区为应用场景,分别建立符合天津市居住建筑四步节能设计技术指标的基础墙体、普通光伏墙体和嵌入保温隔热一体化板的新型光伏墙体的传热模型,采用ANSYS FLUENT软件对其温度分布、表面热流密度进行数值模拟,对模拟结果进一步分析获得不同类型墙体的传热系数和光伏组件的电性能。结果表明:较基础墙体,夏季普通光伏墙体内表面得热量可增加46.88%,冬季普通光伏墙体内表面失热量可减少5.47%;新型光伏墙体中的保温隔热层厚度宜不小于20 mm,此时,夏季新型光伏墙体内表面得热量最大可增加18.16%,冬季新型光伏墙体内表面失热量最小可减少20.07%。基于计算结果,寒冷地区的建筑外墙应用光伏组件时,散热构造措施可简化。

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙轴压性能研究

提出一种装配式带夹芯保温槽型玻璃钢-钢板-槽钢-混凝土组合剪力墙,设计3个具有不同配筋形式和混凝土种类的墙板试件进行轴心受压试验,获得墙板在轴压作用下的破坏模式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、承载力储备系数、延性系数、材料利用率等性能指标。通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件对墙板进行参数化分析,研究内嵌钢板强度和厚度对其轴压性能的影响。结果表明,墙板具有良好的承载力储备能力和延性性能;混凝土中掺入1%体积比的钢纤维可显著提高墙板内混凝土的抗拉性能,使混凝土强度得到更加充分的利用,布置钢筋可以显著提高墙板延性;墙板的承载力和延性随内嵌钢板厚度和强度的增加而增大,强度为Q355、厚度为4、6mm时,墙板材料利用率更高。提出适用于该类墙板的轴压承载力设计公式,考虑钢板屈曲和截面组合效应的墙板轴心受压承载力设计公式计算结果较精确。

预制内外复合保温模壳拼装墙体热工性能研究

为探究预制内外复合保温模壳拼装墙体结构中的卡板连接件对墙体热工性能的影响,通过热工理论计算、试验研究、ANSYS有限元热分析模拟软件3种方法,对比分析了无连接件、不同数量连接件以及双面抹灰不同条件下墙体的传热系数。结果表明:在无连接件条件下,实际墙体热工试验测试值与热工理论计算值的误差较小;连接件数量越多,热桥效应越明显,墙体的热工性能越差;采用有限元模拟软件对墙体进行热工设计结果较精确,可作为设计依据;研究结果可为模壳拼装墙体在超低能耗建筑的应用及能耗分析提供借鉴。

外墙保温研究现状及发展趋势

建筑节能需求随建筑业发展逐步增大,外墙保温是解决节能问题的方式之一。从外墙的保温方式入手,对国内外外墙保温的现状进行综述,并通过比较指出现阶段保温方式做法存在的问题。目前,众多仿生建筑以及仿生结构案例快速涌现,为外墙保温提供了思路。通过对动物翅膀表面以及皮毛等部位进行深入研究后发现,其具有的各类结构能够应用到外墙表面,极大地提高了外墙的光热转化效率,或者通过这种结构来降低自身的热传导率,减少热量的损失,保温效果也能得到相应的提高,在节省材料的同时,能够实现节能减排的效果。

基于玄武岩纤维的建筑外墙保温砂浆力学性能研究

以玄武岩纤维为掺入对象,制备了聚苯乙烯颗粒保温砂浆,设置试验分析不同纤维质量分数(0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%)以及不同纤维长度(8、18 mm)条件下的保温砂浆性能状况,试验结果显示:保温砂浆干密度在掺入玄武岩纤维后得到显著提升;软化系数、抗折强度和抗压强度等力学性能得到显著改良,但同时稠度有所下降;导热性能方面,各组保温砂浆无明显差异;玄武岩纤维质量分数为1.5%时保温砂浆性能最佳,且纤维长度为18 mm时的改良效果相对优于8 mm。研究结果可为建筑墙体保温砂浆的性能改良方案选择提供一定的指导作用。

外保温系统高空坠落风险的热湿渐进性微损伤研究

基于断裂相场法的数值分析,构建细观-宏观尺度的计算模型,模拟外墙表面遭受炎热暴晒后突然降温情况下内部温度场与微观应力场,建立了热湿渐进性微损伤的评价模型,并通过粘接砂浆拉拔试验进行验证。结果表明:外保温系统外表面夏季升温至88.6℃再突然遭遇冰雹及强降雨降温至20℃时,细骨料和净浆受到的最大主应力值可达15 MPa,其厚度方向5 mm深度约100μm宽的裂纹已发展贯通,表明极端气候变化对保温系统结构完整性造成了实质性损害,外保温系统高空坠落风险迅速增大。

全钢架保温棉墙体轻简化日光温室的创新设计与建造

为有效解决传统温室造价高、用工多等问题,有效提高日光温室的建造效率,提升设施农业科技水平,创新设计了全钢架保温棉墙体轻简化日光温室。全钢架保温棉墙体轻简化日光温室是以轻质材料保温棉(玻璃丝棉)为墙体(包括后墙、山墙)、以全钢骨架组装配套的日光温室,相对于传统土墙温室,具有建造成本低、建造周期短、施工轻便、建造及拆卸方便,节省土地、不破坏自然环境,抗风、抗压能力强,空间大,有利于组装并应用智能水肥一体化、远程终端控制等物联网设施设备,便于设施园艺新产品、新技术的组装配套等优势。建造1座长70 m、跨度10 m的全钢架保温棉墙体轻简化日光温室,造价约为13.87万元,平均198.14元/m^(2),比传统土墙温室总成本减少3万元以上,适宜在河西走廊及西北地区的戈壁、耕地上推广,特别适合在戈壁荒漠地区开展葡萄、樱桃等园艺作物产品的提早、延迟上市栽培,及其他水果及蔬菜、花卉等园艺作物的1年2茬或周年生产及种苗繁育。