The hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is an important public health problem and it is associated with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common in HCV infected patients and the sta...The hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is an important public health problem and it is associated with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common in HCV infected patients and the standard interferon-based treatment is associated with an increase of the immune-mediated thyroid damage. Recent evidence in the literature analyzed critical points of the mechanisms of thyroid damage, focusing on the balance between the two sides of the interaction: The environment(virus infection with potential crossreaction) and the host(susceptibility genes with consistent immune response). The spectrum of antiviral treatment for chronic HCV infection is rapidly expanding for the development of dual o triple therapy. The availability of interferon-free combined treatment with direct antiviral agents for HCV is very promising, in order to ameliorate the patient compliance and to reduce the development of thyroid autoimmunity.展开更多
In order to screen a high-yield spergualin-production strain and an optimal fermentation medium, large numbers of isolates were selected after ultraviolet （UV） mutation and self-tolerant mutation of Bacillus lateros...In order to screen a high-yield spergualin-production strain and an optimal fermentation medium, large numbers of isolates were selected after ultraviolet （UV） mutation and self-tolerant mutation of Bacillus laterosporus A7. A high-yield strain A-94-7 was obtained and the spergualin productivity was 4. 1-fold of the parent strain. The genetic stability of the high-yield strain Bacillus laterosporus A-94-7 was very good. Aider fermentation medium optimization, Bacillus laterosporus A-94-7 was able to produce 380 mg· L^-1 The spergualin productivity in Bacillus laterosporus A7 was increased 4.75-fold by mutation and medium optimization.展开更多
The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of self-tolerance.Benign or malignant tumors may ori...The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of self-tolerance.Benign or malignant tumors may originate from the thymus gland,with thymoma being the most common and accounting for 50% of anterior mediastinal tumors.Malignancies linked to thymoma include the loss of self-tolerance and the presence of autoimmunity.In this review,we compiled the current scientific evidence detailing the various interactions between thymoma and autoimmune diseases,including myasthenia gravis,systemic lupus erythematosus,inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,pure red cell aplasia,pernicious anemia,pemphigus and autoimmune thyroid diseases.In recent years,several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these interactions.Most are based on the assumption that the‘sick’thymus,like the‘normal’thymus,can generate mature T cells;however,the T cells generated by the sick thymus are impaired and thus may exert cellular autoreactivity.Here,we present several theories that may shed light on the loss of self-tolerance associated with this epithelial tumor of the thymus.展开更多
Research into the suppressive activity of CD4＋FoxP3＋ T regulatory cells （Treg） has defined a sublineage of CD4＋ cells that contribute to self-tolerance and resistance to autoimmune disease. Much less attention ha...Research into the suppressive activity of CD4＋FoxP3＋ T regulatory cells （Treg） has defined a sublineage of CD4＋ cells that contribute to self-tolerance and resistance to autoimmune disease. Much less attention has been given to the potential contribution of regulatory sublineages of CD8＋ cells. Analysis of a small fraction of CD8＋ cells that target autoreactive CD4＋ cells through recognition of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 in mouse and HLA-E in human has revitalized interest in CD8＋ Treg. Here we summarize recent progress and future directions of research into the role of this CD8＋ sublineage in resistance to autoimmune disease. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008; 5（6）：401-406.展开更多
文摘The hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is an important public health problem and it is associated with hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are common in HCV infected patients and the standard interferon-based treatment is associated with an increase of the immune-mediated thyroid damage. Recent evidence in the literature analyzed critical points of the mechanisms of thyroid damage, focusing on the balance between the two sides of the interaction: The environment(virus infection with potential crossreaction) and the host(susceptibility genes with consistent immune response). The spectrum of antiviral treatment for chronic HCV infection is rapidly expanding for the development of dual o triple therapy. The availability of interferon-free combined treatment with direct antiviral agents for HCV is very promising, in order to ameliorate the patient compliance and to reduce the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
基金Supported by Program for Innovative Research Team of Northeast Agricultural University
文摘In order to screen a high-yield spergualin-production strain and an optimal fermentation medium, large numbers of isolates were selected after ultraviolet （UV） mutation and self-tolerant mutation of Bacillus laterosporus A7. A high-yield strain A-94-7 was obtained and the spergualin productivity was 4. 1-fold of the parent strain. The genetic stability of the high-yield strain Bacillus laterosporus A-94-7 was very good. Aider fermentation medium optimization, Bacillus laterosporus A-94-7 was able to produce 380 mg· L^-1 The spergualin productivity in Bacillus laterosporus A7 was increased 4.75-fold by mutation and medium optimization.
文摘The thymus is a central lymphatic organ that is responsible for many immunological functions,including the production of mature,functional T cells and the induction of self-tolerance.Benign or malignant tumors may originate from the thymus gland,with thymoma being the most common and accounting for 50% of anterior mediastinal tumors.Malignancies linked to thymoma include the loss of self-tolerance and the presence of autoimmunity.In this review,we compiled the current scientific evidence detailing the various interactions between thymoma and autoimmune diseases,including myasthenia gravis,systemic lupus erythematosus,inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,pure red cell aplasia,pernicious anemia,pemphigus and autoimmune thyroid diseases.In recent years,several mechanisms have been proposed to explain these interactions.Most are based on the assumption that the‘sick’thymus,like the‘normal’thymus,can generate mature T cells;however,the T cells generated by the sick thymus are impaired and thus may exert cellular autoreactivity.Here,we present several theories that may shed light on the loss of self-tolerance associated with this epithelial tumor of the thymus.
基金supported in part by research grants from the NIH (AI037562)National Multiple Sclerosis Society and a gift from the Schecter Family Research Foundation to HC LL is a Claudia Adams Barr Investigator and NIH NRSA Fellow (T32 AI07386)
文摘Research into the suppressive activity of CD4＋FoxP3＋ T regulatory cells （Treg） has defined a sublineage of CD4＋ cells that contribute to self-tolerance and resistance to autoimmune disease. Much less attention has been given to the potential contribution of regulatory sublineages of CD8＋ cells. Analysis of a small fraction of CD8＋ cells that target autoreactive CD4＋ cells through recognition of the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 in mouse and HLA-E in human has revitalized interest in CD8＋ Treg. Here we summarize recent progress and future directions of research into the role of this CD8＋ sublineage in resistance to autoimmune disease. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2008; 5（6）：401-406.
