Fuzzy Inventory Model under Selling Price Dependent Demand and Variable Deterioration with Fully Backlogged Shortages

The objective is to develop a model considering demand dependent on selling price and deterioration occurs after a certain period of time, which follows two-parameter Weibull distribution. Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. Fuzzy optimal solution is obtained by considering hexagonal fuzzy numbers and for defuzzification Graded Mean Integration Representation Method. A numerical example is provided for the illustration of crisp and fuzzy, both models. To observe the effect of changes in parameters, sensitivity analysis is carried out.

Fuzzy Inventory Model with Variable Production and Selling Price Dependent Demand under Inflation for Deteriorating Items

The main purpose of this paper is to develop an inventory model under fuzzy approach by considering the effect of inflation and time value of money, to determine the optimal time period for inventory cycle and minimum total average costs. The model is integrated production inventory model developed where;the Demand has a direct linear impact on production rate. The model can be divided into four stages. In the first two stages with original production rate and subsequent change in production rate, inventory level rises. Third stage is time after the accumulation of inventory and before the deterioration starts, where demand which selling price dependent is depreciating the inventory level, while in the fourth stage deterioration occurs, which is considered to follow two parameter Weibull distribution. The back-order is not considered. Hexagonal fuzzy numbers are used to derive optimum solution and defuzzification by graded mean integration representation method. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the applicability of the purposed model and sensitivity analysis is carried out to reveal the impact of change in parameter values.

Techno-economic and Environmental Assessments of SAF from Bioamss:An Review

This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first discussed.Key insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced sustainability.Available data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and scalability.Moreover,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making processes.The challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.

From Trends to Drivers:Key Factors Propelling Electric Vehicle Sales

With the rapid advancement of human economic levels and modern civilization,the automobile manufacturing industry is increasingly confronted with challenges related to energy scarcity and environmental pollution.Low carbon emissions and energy savings have become the main focus of automotive development.Under the influence of government incentives,the sales of household electric vehicles(EVs)have increased significantly,although they still represent a small share of the overall car market.To examine the factors influencing consumer purchases of household EVs,this report integrates both qualitative and quantitative analyses,controlling for single variables.Using linear regression,an empirical analysis was conducted on 18 BYD models with varying ranges and prices.The results indicate a strong positive correlation between driving range,selling price,and EV sales.Looking ahead,the development of new energy vehicles should prioritize longer ranges,high-quality features,and cost-effective performance.

Understanding the Impacts of Plant Capacities and Uncertainties on the Techno- Economic Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Production in the Southern U.S.

Understanding the economic feasibility of cross-laminated timber(CLT),an emerging and sustainable alternative to concrete and steel,is critical for the rapid expansion of the mass timber industry.However,previous studies on economic performance of CLT have not fully considered the variations in the feedstock,plant capacities,manu-facturing parameters,and capital and operating costs.This study fills this gap by developing a techno-economic analysis of producing CLT panels in the Southern United States.The effects of those variations on minimum sell-ing price(MSP)of CLT panels are explored by Monte Carlo simulation.The results show that,across all the plant capacities from 30,000 to 150,000 m^(3)/year,the MSP ranges from$345 to$609/m^(3) with a±6%–9%range caused by the variations in feedstocks,key manufacturing parameters,capital and operating cost.The MSP decreases sig-nificantly along the increasing capacities.A sensitivity analysis exhibits that the lumber price,lumber preparing loss,plant capacity,and the installed costs of layering and gluing,finishing,and miscellaneous,are the top driving factors to CLT MSP.Supported by Geographic Information System,this study also studies the transportation cost of delivering CLT to customers under three CLT demanding levels(1%,5%,15%).The results show that the trans-portation cost is 1%–8%of the MSP.Lower demanding level or higher plant capacity can increase the transporta-tion cost due to average longer delivering distance.When considering the delivered cost that sums MSP and transportation cost,larger plant capacity does not necessarily generate lower delivered cost.

Marketing of African Walnut [Tetracarpidium conophorum Mull. （Arg）] in Southwest Nigeria： Production Issues and Contributions to Stakeholders

The survey was carried out in Ekiti, Oyo, Ogun, Ondo, and Osun states located in SW Nigeria. The respondents for the study include thirty marketers and thirty producers of African walnut randomly selected within each of the state, making a total of 60 respondents per state and 300 for the five states. Two sets of structured questionnaires were designed, one for each eatergory of the respondents. The questionnaires were designed to solicit information on demographic characteristics of the producers and marketers of African walnut, production and marketing challenges of the walnut, price trend along the marketing chain, and interraction and relationships of the middlemen. The questionnaires were administered through individual and focus group methods. Also, indepth interview of the respondents was conducted to supplement data obtained from the questionnaires. Purposive sampling method was used to select local markets where the walnut were sold for study of the price trend of the walnut for two seasons （from 2007 to 2008）. Marketing of the walnut started with farmers that plant the perennial climber on their farmland, while the marketing intermediaries include the village merchants, wholesalers, and the retailers. Adult male dominated the production sector of African walnut while processing and marketing the nuts were mostly done by the women and children. There is high demand for the walnut as delicacy and snack; although industrial usage is yet to be fully developed. Marketing of the cooked nuts and at retail quantity had the highest profit along the marketing chain. There is need for expansion of the current scale of production of the walnut to meet increasing demand. Provision of appropriate storage facilities to prevent spoilage of the product in rural areas and good rural road network for easy conveyance to urban markets where it is majorly consumed is pertinent for marketing of the walnut.

A Comprehensive Economic Assessment of Producing Biodiesel Derived from Used Cooking Oil Using the BioPro380 EX

The authors performed economic assessment of producing biodiesel at pilot scale using used cooking oil as feed-oil in a Bio-Pro 380 EX biodiesel reactor. The overall results suggest that the biodiesel production using used cooking oil is a viable project even at large or medium scale. The payback period for producing biodiesel at a pilot scale of 31,320 liters per year was 1.5 years, which was 1 month longer than the payback period for a large plant capacity of 66,000 liters per year. The study demonstrated that the unit selling price and unit production cost are sensitive to the economic feasibility of biodiesel production, since price variations of BWP 1 result in at least a 13% increase and 12% decrease in profit, respectively. The study further revealed that feed-oil (used cooking oil) was the most expensive among all the inputs accounting for 61%, followed by methanol and direct labour with 19% and 13% respectively. The overall energy recorded to produce approximately 360 liters of biodiesel contributed to 2% only, suggesting that Bio-Pro 380 EX biodiesel reactor is relatively a low energy intensity processor. The situation is suitable for the promotion of biodiesel particularly in countries where initiatives to stimulate the development of biofuels are at its infant stage Botswana included.

Partial backlogging inventory model with price and stock level dependent demand,time varying holding cost and quantity discounts

This article deals with an increasing total profit for inventory optimal ordered quantity and partial backlogging with the holding cost depending on the storage time period,and the rate of market demand is assumed to fluctuate as a function,based on level of stock and selling price.Thereafter,using the concept of a Hessian matrix,we have proved the concave nature of the profit function for the case where maximum cost is obtained.Finally,in order to validate the derived models,numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are explained.Through numerical test,we show that the proposed algorithms give quite satisfactory solutions.Hence,it can be concluded that the total profit can be increased by allowing shortage and partial backlogging.

Luxury goods may sell in the same price with Europe

Recently,the Ministry of Commerce announced international commodity center information of a number of countries.These centers will introduce distribution model

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO_(2) capture

The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC)systems are an effective and economic CO_(2) capture technology pathway.In addition,the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more“CO_(2) capture ready”than other technologies.Pulverized coal boilers(PC)have,however,proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies.To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO_(2) capture,a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper.The technical design,the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package.Built upon these technologies,the CO_(2) capture facilities are incorporated within the system.The most appropriate CO_(2) capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column(MEA).The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations:Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation.Both options generate CO_(2)-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams.Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles,the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages.The total cost assessment is implemented according to the stepcount exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters.Subsequently,based on a set of assumptions,the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO_(2) avoidance cost.