A novel semi-active TMD with folding variable stiffness spring

An innovative variable stiffness device is proposed and investigated based on numerical simulations. The device, called a folding variable stiffness spring （FVSS）, can be widely used, especially in tuned mass dampers （TMDs） with adaptive stiffness. An important characteristic of FVSS is its capability to change the stiffness between lower and upper bounds through a small change of distance between its supports. This special feature results in lower time-lag errors and readjustment in shorter time intervals. The governing equations of the device are derived and simplified for a symmetrical FVSS with similar elements. This device is then used to control a single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） structure as well as a multi-degree-of-freedom （MDOF） structure via a semi-active TMD. Numerical simulations are conducted to compare several control cases for these structures. To make it more realistic, a real direct current motor with its own limitations is simulated in addition to an ideal control case with no limitations and both the results are compared. It is shown that the proposed device can be effectively used to suppress undesirable vibrations of a structure and considerably improves the performance of the controller compared to a passive device.

An electromagnetic semi-active dynamic vibration absorber for thin-walled workpiece vibration suppression in mirror milling

As critical components of aircraft skins and rocket fuel storage tank shells,large thin-walled workpieces are susceptible to vibration and deformation during machining due to their weak local stiffness.To address these challenges,we propose a novel tunable electromagnetic semi-active dynamic vibration absorber(ESADVA),which integrates with a magnetic suction follower to form a followed ESADVA(follow-ESADVA)for mirror milling.This system combines a tunable magnet oscillator with a follower,enabling real-time vibration absorption and condition feedback throughout the milling process.Additionally,the device supports self-sensing and frequency adjustment by providing feedback to a linear actuator,which alters the distance between magnets.This resolves the traditional issue of being unable to directly monitor vibration at the machining point due to space constraints and tool interference.The frequency shift characteristics and vibration absorption performance are comprehensively investigated.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the prototyped follow-ESADVA achieves frequency synchronization with the milling tool,resulting in a vibration suppression rate of approximately 47.57%.Moreover,the roughness of the machined surface decreases by18.95%,significantly enhancing the surface quality.The results of this work pave the way for higher-quality machined surfaces and a more stable mirror milling process.

基于TMD的车致箱梁振动控制模型试验研究

为研究调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)在控制轨道箱梁结构振动中的应用,以高速动车组和CRTS-Ⅱ型板式无砟轨道-箱梁结构为原型,设计制作了几何相似比为10∶1的车-轨-桥耦合振动缩尺模型系统,分析了TMD在不同质量比、不同位置以及不同安装数量等工况下对箱梁顶板和翼板的减振效果。结果表明:TMD质量比为0.02时减振效果优于质量比为0.01时的减振效果,在考虑结构安全及经济性的条件下,可优先选择质量比更大的TMD;不同TMD安装位置对箱梁各部件的减振效果不同,安装TMD的板件处振动响应得到了明显抑制;安装2个TMD对箱梁结构的减振效果优于安装1个TMD,其减振范围也有所提升。研究结论可为高架轨道箱梁结构的减振设计提供参考。

基于气动措施和滑轮式TMD的人行景观桥涡振混合控制研究

为了解决传统式调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper, TMD)在控制低频桥梁结构中弹簧静伸长过长的问题,介绍了滑轮式TMD及其用于结构振动控制时的特点,指出滑轮式TMD可以有效减小弹簧静伸长量。以一座人行景观桥为例,研究了采用气动措施和滑轮式TMD对该桥的涡振控制效果。风洞试验结果显示,在最优气动措施下,主梁的涡振振幅减少了一半以上,但仍未达到行人舒适性要求。基于Scanlan线性涡激力模型进行滑轮式TMD的优化设计,在气动措施的基础上进一步辅以滑轮式TMD进行涡振控制。分析结果表明,气动措施结合滑轮式TMD进行涡振控制能够满足行人舒适性要求,并确保滑轮式TMD质量块的工作行程不超过限值。通过同时采用气动措施和滑轮式TMD,可以满足主梁涡振限值、TMD弹簧静伸长量和工作行程等多重要求,从而有效控制主梁的涡振现象。本文提出的混合控制方案为类似工程中的涡振控制提供了有益参考,可为工程实践提供指导。

桥梁抗风型TMD对车-桥耦合振动系统减振性能研究

为研究桥梁抗风型调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper, TMD)对车辆荷载引起结构振动的减振效果,并揭示车载作用下的TMD激振机理,提出了基于模态动能演化的多自由度结构TMD控制方法,确定了安装TMD的最优设计参数和布设位置;考虑桥梁有限元模型动力求解的通用性,基于桥梁三维动力分析系统BDANS软件建立了车-桥-TMD动力耦合分析系统;以经典单自由度移动弹簧质量过简支梁模型为研究对象,分析了车-桥-TMD系统振动特性,结合某深水区非通航桥梁抗风型TMD工程实例分析了TMD对车致振动的减振效果和机理。研究结果表明:TMD行程幅值与减振效果呈现正相关特点,即行程幅值越大对车-桥动力效应引起的振动减振效果越好;安装TMD可以显著提高结构的等效阻尼比,满足等效阻尼比>1%的工程需求,提高桥梁结构振动的稳定性;TMD在一定条件下可以减小车辆通过时引发桥梁竖向位移冲击效应,最大可减少3%左右;TMD对车-桥2个子系统的加速度瞬态峰值均起到了一定的抑制效果,尤其对桥梁结构竖向振动加速度作用效果明显,安装TMD后的桥梁跨中竖向振动加速度RMS值减少约20%;对大跨钢箱桥梁而言,相比较小的车辆荷载冲击效应,一阶竖弯呈邻跨反对称特性的桥梁结构在车辆通行过程中更容易激起TMD,使桥梁结构获得更佳的减振效果。

基于运动形式转化利用转动惯量虚拟平动惯性质量的TMD控制系统

针对调谐质量阻尼器(Tuned Mass Damper,TMD)通常需要较大的附加质量,安装空间受限以及质量块运动时需要较大的行程等问题,基于平动‐转动运动形式相互转化和能量守恒原理,本文提出了利用转动惯量虚拟平动惯性质量的TMD控制系统(Rotary inertia virtualizing translational mass based Tuned Mass Damper,简称RTMD),进行RTMD控制系统的设计概念,以单自由度结构对象为例建立了附加RTMD控制系统的运动方程,分析了RTMD控制系统参数对结构振动控制效果的影响规律。结果表明控制效果与系统的质量比、惯质比、阻尼比等参数密切相关,相关规律也可以推广到一般多自由度结构体系一阶振动的调谐吸振减振控制。进行了模型振动台试验研究,时域分析和频域分析结果均表明,试验结果与基于理论模型的数值分析结果一致性良好,验证了RTMD控制系统理论模型的正确性、设计参数的合理性以及控制系统应用于实际问题的可行性。

TMDs阻变存储器微观机理研究综述

过渡金属硫族化合物(TMDs)阻变存储器具有简单的金属-介质层-金属三明治结构,且功耗低、可缩性好。分析TMDs阻变存储器阻变机理和导电细丝形成特性,为明确阻变存储器机理模拟研究重点提供理论基础。总结分析了国内外存储层TMDs的范德华层间空隙半径、掺杂和缺陷状况与器件性能之间的关系,展望了TMDs阻变存储器的发展趋势和应用前景,为TMDs阻变存储器技术攻关提供支撑。

Uncertainty in the seismic performance of semi-active base isolation systems

In a conventional base isolation system,minimizing the seismic responses of the superstructure is always at the cost of increasing the isolator's response.The semi-active control of the isolator has been considered an effective solution to such a dilemma.It tunes the real-time properties of the isolator according to preset rules to further reduce the superstructure's seismic responses without increasing that of the isolator or vice versa.However,the number of ground motion records used to design and validate the controller,i.e.,the preset rules,in existing studies is usually very small and therefore is suspectable if it is adequate to address the significant uncertainty in the shaking of future earthquakes.This paper critically reviews the performance of the proportional-integralderivative(PID),linear-quadratic regulator(LQR),and fuzzy controllers in semi-active base isolation systems with magnetorheological(MR)dampers subjected to highly uncertain ground motion inputs through numerical simulations.The results show that the control performance of the controllers varies significantly with the increasing number of input records,suggesting the necessity of using at least 50 ground motion records to appropriately assess the performance uncertainty of semi-active base isolation systems.More importantly,the superior performance of the optimized controllers is not guaranteed if the system is subjected to ground motions that are new to the controller,even if the controller has been optimized for thousands of existing ground motions.It highlights the need of improving the adaptability of the semi-active systems for uncertain ground motion inputs.

多种分辨率HDMI接口的TMDS信号转为LVDS格式实现方法研究

为了将图像仿真系统输出的高清多媒体接口(High Definition Multimedia Interface,HDMI)最小化传输差分信号(Transition Minimized Differential Signaling,TMDS)转换为摄像头模组接口低电压差分信号(Low-Voltage Differential Signaling,LVDS),文章联合使用ITE68051芯片和现场可编程逻辑门阵列芯片(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)实现了相应的转换。首先,将高清、超高清HDMI接口的TMDS信号通过ITE68051视频处理芯片进行TMDS解码,以双端口方式输出并行RGB数字信号;然后,应用FPGA易编程性的特点,将多种分辨率的RGB信号转换为相应的LVDS信号。联合应用ITE68051和FPGA芯片架构的转换系统,便于视频设备之间的兼容和系统后续升级,为自动驾驶仿真系统的视频信号输入提供了可靠的硬件接口通道。

移动荷载作用下悬浮隧道管体TMD减振分析及优化布置

为减小悬浮隧道管体在移动荷载作用下的动力响应,采用TMD作为振动控制措施并对减振效果进行了分析。将悬浮隧道管体简化为弹性地基梁,采用移动简谐力模拟汽车荷载,通过Morison方程计算管体振动过程中的流体附加惯性效应和阻尼效应,推导建立了移动荷载作用下管体-TMD系统振动控制方程组。采用Newmark-β法进行数值求解,分析了TMD对悬浮隧道管体的减振效果。针对悬浮隧道管体振动特征,提出采用分布式TMD的布置形式,并对移动速度、TMD阻尼比的影响进行了讨论。结论表明:TMD对移动简谐荷载作用下的悬浮隧道管体具有显著减振效果,最大位移减振率在50%以上。由于多阶模态参与振动,单一TMD的有效减振范围有限。在保持总质量不变的情况下,采用分布式TMD可以获得较好的整体减振效果。提高TMD质量比和降低移动荷载速度有助于提高TMD的减振效果。增大阻尼比会减弱TMD的效果,应综合考虑减振效果和工作空间的要求确定。

一种形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的试验研究

针对调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)系统应用于轻型结构时易失调从而导致减振效果下降的问题,提出了一种新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统。该系统利用钢索悬吊质量块并承担其全部重量,使用有效截面为矩形的大尺寸镍钛形状记忆合金棒材,提供TMD系统水平面2个方向不同的抗弯刚度。为了研究该系统的半主动性能,进行了足尺形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的自由振动试验,通过改变形状记忆合金的工作温度,研究了温度变化对TMD系统频率及阻尼比的影响。研究结果表明,控制形状记忆合金工作温度从-40~+80℃,TMD系统的频率随温度升高呈现升高趋势,而阻尼比随温度升高呈现下降趋势。将该新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统应用于受控结构中,一旦TMD失调,可以通过改变形状记忆合金的温度使其重新调谐。因此,设计的新型形状记忆合金TMD系统在轻型结构减振研究中具有一定的工程应用价值和前景。

大跨铝合金天桥人致振动舒适度评价及TMD减振控制

为了减轻大跨铝合金天桥在人群荷载作用下的振动舒适度问题,针对大跨铝合金天桥安装调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)前后的振动特性进行研究。根据某两跨连续铝合金天桥进行有限元建模,分析结构自振特性,选择德国EN03人行桥设计指南,基于该规范下的人群荷载模式,选取5种交通级别,对比不同交通级别下天桥振动峰值加速度,获得天桥人致振动舒适度结果。并在天桥第一跨跨中和第二跨跨中分别安装一个TMD进行减振控制,对比设置TMD减振器前后天桥人致振动模型峰值加速度结果差异。结果表明:TMD可有效降低天桥结构竖向振动响应,根据选取的天桥振动位移加速度观察点结果可知,竖向减振率达到89.3%,对于不满足舒适度要求的大跨铝合金天桥,可布置适当数量的TMD阻尼器,且分布于合理位置有利于减轻天桥的振动,进而提高人行天桥的舒适性。

Thermoelectric Stirling Engine (TEG-Stirling Engine) Based on the Analysis of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD)

The thermoelectric energy conversion technique by employing the Disk-Magnet Electromagnetic Induction (DM-EMI) is examined in detail, and possible applications to heat engines as one of the energy-harvesting technologies are discussed. The idea is induced by the analysis of thermomechanical dynamics (TMD) for a nonequilibrium irreversible thermodynamic system of heat engines, such as a drinking bird and a low temperature Stirling engine, resulting in thermoelectric energy generation different from conventional heat engines. The current thermoelectric energy conversion with DM-EMI can be applied to wide ranges of machines and temperature differences. The mechanism of DM-EMI energy converter is categorized as the axial flux generator (AFG), which is the reason why the technology is applicable to sensitive thermoelectric conversions. On the other hand, almost all the conventional turbines use the radius flux generator to extract huge electric power, which uses the radial flux generator (RFG). The axial flux generator is helpful for a low mechanoelectric energy conversion and activations of waste heat from macroscopic energy generators such as wind, geothermal, thermal, nuclear power plants and heat-dissipation lines. The technique of DM-EMI will contribute to solving environmental problems to maintain clean and sustainable energy as one of the energy harvesting technologies.

Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) and Bifurcation-Integration Solutions in Nonlinear Differential Equations with Time-Dependent Coefficients

The new independent solutions of the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC) are discussed, for the first time, by employing experimental device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-forth motion develops into water drinking motion. The solution to a drinking bird equation of motion manifests itself the transition from thermodynamic equilibrium to nonequilibrium irreversible states. The independent solution signifying a nonequilibrium thermal state seems to be constructed as if two independent bifurcation solutions are synthesized, and so, the solution is tentatively termed as the bifurcation-integration solution. The bifurcation-integration solution expresses the transition from mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium to a nonequilibrium irreversible state, which is explicitly shown by the nonlinear differential equation with time-dependent coefficients (NDE-TC). The analysis established a new theoretical approach to nonequilibrium irreversible states, thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The TMD method enables one to obtain thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent progresses of thermodynamic quantities, by employing the bifurcation-integration solutions of NDE-TC. We hope that the basic properties of bifurcation-integration solutions will be studied and investigated further in mathematics, physics, chemistry and nonlinear sciences in general.

The Application of Thermomechanical Dynamics (TMD) to Thermoelectric Energy Generation by Employing a Low Temperature Stirling Engine

A thermoelectric generation Stirling engine (TEG-Stirling engine) is discussed by employing a low temperature Stirling engine and the dissipative equation of motion derived from the method of thermomechanical dynamics (TMD). The results and mechanism of axial flux electromagnetic induction (AF-EMI) are applied to a low temperature Stirling engine, resulting in a TEG-Stirling engine. The method of TMD produced thermodynamically consistent and time-dependent physical quantities for the first time, such as internal energy ℰ(t), thermodynamic work Wth(t), the total entropy (heat dissipation) Qd(t)and measure or temperature of a nonequilibrium state T˜(t). The TMD analysis produced a lightweight mechanical system of TEG-Stirling engine which derives electric power from waste heat of temperature (40˚CT100˚C) by a thermoelectric conversion method. An optimal low rotational speed about 30θ′(t)/(2π)60(rpm) is found, applicable to devices for sustainable, clean energy technologies. The stability of a thermal state and angular rotations of TEG-Stirling engine are specifically shown by employing properties of nonequilibrium temperature T˜(t), which is also applied to study optimal fuel-injection and combustion timings of heat engines.

Seismic structural control using semi-active tuned mass dampers

This paper focuses on how to determine the instantaneous damping of the semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) with continuously variable damping.An off-and-towards-equilibrium (OTE) algorithm is employed to examine the control performance of the structure/SATMD system by considering the damping as an assumptive control action.The damping modification of the SATMD is carried out according to the proposed OTE algorithm,which is formulated based on analysis of the structural movement under external excitations,and the measured responses of the structure at every time instant. As examples two numerical simulations of a five-storey and a ten-storey shear structures with a SATMD on the roof are conducted.The effectiveness on vibration reduction of MDOF systems subjected to seismic excitations is discussed.Analysis results show that the behavior of the structure with a SATMD is significantly improved and the feasibility of applying the OTE algorithm to the structural control design of SATMD is also verified.

Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

DC/TMD推荐心理量表在颞下颌关节紊乱病诊疗中的应用

目的:采用新版DC/TMD推荐的心理量表,评估颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorders, TMD)患者焦虑、抑郁及躯体症状等心理状况,探讨新版量表作为TMD心理轴诊断依据的临床意义。方法:选择100例TMD初诊患者作为实验组,100例无TMD症状的普通门诊患者作为对照组。收集2组患者的一般信息,包括年龄、性别、受教育程度、个人收入等。采用广泛性焦虑症量表(GAD-7)、抑郁症状量表(PHQ-9)和健康问卷量表15(PHQ-15)对患者心理因素进行评估。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果:<30岁组和30~50岁组TMD发病率显著高于50岁以上年龄组(P<0.05)。实验组高学历者比例显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而收入水平不是罹患TMD的危险因素(P=0.642)。实验组焦虑发生率与平均得分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而两组间抑郁和躯体症状得分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。疼痛性TMD患者的焦虑和抑郁程度显著高于关节疾病患者(P<0.05),而两组间躯体症状无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:性别(女)、年龄(<50岁)和高学历(本科及以上)是罹患TMD的高危因素,而与收入水平无关。TMD患者的焦虑发生率和评分均高于普通口腔门诊患者,但抑郁和躯体症状与普通患者的发生率无显著差异。

Semi-active control for vibration attenuation of vehicle suspension with symmetric MR damper

A semi-active force tracking PI controller is formulated and analyzed for a magnetorheological (MR) fluid-based damper in conjunction with a quarter-vehicle model. Two different models of the MR-damper are integrated into the closed-loop system model, which includes: a model based upon the mean force-velocity (f-v) behaviour; and a model synthesis comprising inherent nonsmooth hysteretic force and the force limiting properties of the MR damper. The vehicle models are analyzed to study the vibration attenuation performance of the MR-damper using the semi-active force tracking PI control algorithm. The simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the influence of the damper nonlinearity, specifically the hysteresis, on the suspension performance. The results show that the proposed control strategy can yield superior vibration attenuation performance of the vehicle suspension actuated by the controllable MR-damper not only in the sprung mass resonance and the ride zones, but also in the vicinity of the wheel-hop. The results further show that the presence of damper hystersis deteriorates the suspension performance.

车辆荷载作用下钢结构厂房微振动反应的数值模拟及TMD减振控制研究

目的 使用TMD减小车辆荷载作用下钢结构厂房产生的振动响应,进而保证厂房内精密仪器正常使用并延长其使用寿命。方法 基于Midas Gen软件建立钢结构厂房,考虑时速40 km/h、60 km/h的5t卡车及时速60 km/h的5 t卡车与火车共同作用下的三种工况,对钢结构厂房进行激励。结果 TMD的质量比宜选择0.05,设置于响应最大处。三种车辆荷载激励下的平均加速度减小幅度可达到45.81%,平均速度减小幅度可达到20.88%。结论 TMD的质量比越大,对于钢结构厂房竖向振动的减振效果越好;且随着质量比的增大,减振率上升程度趋近于平缓。TMD放置于响应最大处的厂房减振效果要好于放置于靠近激励处。TMD的刚度越大,厂房竖向振动的微振动控制效果越好;随着TMD的刚度增大,减振率上升程度趋近于平缓。