Local singularity and S–A methods for analyzing ore-producing anomalies in the Jianbiannongchang area of Heilongjiang,China

The Heilongjiang Jianbiannongchang area is located at the confluence of the Great and Lesser Xing’an Ranges.This area has a complex magmatic and tectonic evolutionary history that has resulted in a complex and diverse geological background for mineralization.In this study,isometric logarithmic ratio(ILR)transformations of Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Sb contents were performed in the1:50,000 soil geochemical data of the Jianbiannongchang area.Robust principal component analysis(RPCA)was conducted based on ILR transformation.The local singularity and spectrum-area(S-A)methods were used to extract information on mineralogic anomalies.The results showed that:(1)the transformed data eliminated the influence of the original data closure effect,and the PC1and PC2 information obtained by applying RPCA reflected ore-producing element anomalies dominated by Au and Cu.(2)The local singularity method can enhance the information of the local strong and weak slow anomalies.After performing local singularity analysis on PC1 and PC2,the obtained local anomalies reflected the local singularity spatial anomaly patterns related to Cu and Au mineralization in this area,which is an effective method for trapping ore-producing anomalies.(3)Furthermore,the composite anomaly decomposition of PC1 and PC2 was performed using the S-A method,and the screened anomalous and background fields reflect the ore-producing anomalies related to Cu and Au mineralization.This information is in agreement with known Cu and Au mineralization.(4)The geochemical anomalies with mineralization potential were obtained outside the known mineralization sites by integrating the information of oreproducing anomalies extracted by the local singularity and S-A methods,providing the theoretical basis and exploration direction for future exploration in the study area.

Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas.This study took Gansu Province,China,a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate,as the research subject.Based on Google Earth Engine,we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022,and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area.The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022.Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations,while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase.Notably,terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,correlated with the dynamics of surface water area.Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes,with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities.Spatially,climate change affected the'source'of surface water to a greater extent,while human activities tended to affect the'destination'of surface water.Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted.Therefore,we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water'supply-demand'balance strategies.The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province,but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

Land-Air Interaction over Arid/Semi-arid Areas in China and Its Impact on the East Asian Summer Monsoon. Part I:Calibration of the Land Surface Model (BATS)Using Multicriteria Methods

To improve the land surface simulation in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China, the observational data from two field experiments in Dunhuang and Tongyu are used to optimize the parameters in the land surface model, BATS, through calibration with the multicriteria method. Sensitivity analysis to the parameters in Dunhuang and Tongyu indicates that different parameters need to be calibrated in two sites with different environmental and climate regimes. Comparison of observed sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and ground surface temperature with the simulated ones shows the simulations with the optimized parameters have been substantially improved. Especially, the holistic simulations with the calibration of the parameter values are much closer to the observations in the arid region （Dunhuang）, and the energy partition with the calibrated parameters can also be simulated well in the semi-arid region （Tongyu）. Whole results demonstrate that the parameter calibration of the land surface model is important when the model is to be used to investigate the land-air interaction.

Three-year Variations of Water, Energy and CO_2 Fluxes of Cropland and Degraded Grassland Surfaces in a Semi-arid Area of Northeastern China

Based on 3 years （2003-05） of the eddy covariance （EC） observations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semi-arid area of Tongyu （44°25′N, 122°52′E, 184 m a.s.1.）, Northeast China, seasonal and annual variations of water, energy and CO2 fluxes have been investigated. The soil moisture in the thin soil layer （at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 m） clearly indicates the pronounced annual wet-dry cycle; the annual cycle is divided into the wet （growing season） and dry seasons （non-growing season）. During the growing season （from May to September）, the sensible and latent heat fluxes showed a linear dependence on the global solar radiation. However, in the non-growing season, the latent heat flux was always less than 50 W m^-2, while the available energy was dissipated as sensible, rather than latent heat flux. During the growing season in 2003-05, the daily average sensible and latent heat fluxes were larger on the cropland surface than on the degraded grassland surface. The cropland ecosystem absorbed more CO2 than the degraded grassland ecosystem in the growing season in 2003-05. The total evapotranspiration on the cropland was more than the total precipitation, while the total evapotranspiration on the degraded grassland was almost the same as the total annual precipitation in the growing season. The soil moisture had a good correlation with the rainfall in the growing season. Precipitation in the growing season is an important factor on the water and carbon budget in the semi-arid area.

The causes of land landscape changes in semi-arid area of Northwest China: a case study of Yulin city

Rapid land landscape change has taken place in many arid and semi-arid regions such as the vulnerable ecological area over the last decade. In this paper, we quantified land landscape change of Yulin in this area between 1985 and 2000 using remote sensing and GIS. It was found that fallow landscape decreased by 125,148 hm^2 while grassland and woodland increased by 107,975 hm^2 and 17,157 hm^2, respectively. The major factors responsible for these changes are identified as the change in the government policy on preserving the environment, continued growth in mining, and urbanization. The efforts in restoring the deteriorated ecosystem have reaped certain benefits in reducing the spatial extent of sandy land through replacement by non-irrigated farmland, woodland and grassland. On the other hand, continued expansion of mining industry and urbanization has exerted adverse impacts on the land landscape. At present regional economic development conflicts directly with the protection of the natural environment. Such a conflict has caused the destruction to the land resources and fragmentation of the landscape accompanied by land desertification, the case is even serious in some localities.

Relationship between diversity of forest plant and community dynamics in eastern mountain area of Heilongjiang Province, China

The biodiversity was studied in 26 communities with different structures in Maoershan National Park and Liangshui Natural Reserve of Northeast Forestry University in Heilongjiang Province, China. Composition index （CI） was taken as a parameter to quantify the community dynamics, which can nicely describe forest community dynamics, meanwhile, the relationship between diversity and community dynamics were also investigated and analyzed. Results showed that the total number species of community, richness, evenness, and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were obviously different in every community. The richness decreased with the increasing CI of every community, which means richness was in inverse proportion to community dynamics. The Shannon-Wiener index of every community increased from the initial stage to the middle stage of succession, and then decreased in the climax stage. The coverage weighted foliage-height diversity index increased along with the increase of CI, which was similar as the oattem diversity.

乡村振兴背景下黑龙江省农村三产融合发展问题与对策

乡村振兴战略的实施使农村经济社会问题得到一定程度改善,然而如何抓住乡村振兴机遇期,推动农村三产融合发展成为黑龙江亟待解决的问题。结合乡村振兴对农村三产融合的影响、黑龙江农村三产融合发展的模式、特点和优势,分析乡村振兴背景下黑龙江农村三产融合存在基础设施不健全、新型经营主体发展缓慢、金融服务能力有待提高、推动农村三产融合发展型人才的缺乏等问题,并提出加强农村基础设施建设、加快培育新型经营主体、健全农村金融体系、培育引进人才等对策推动黑龙江农村三产融合发展。

龙粳31大面积推广原因分析及其对黑龙江粳稻育种的启示

黑龙江省地域广阔,气候环境复杂多样,各地域间积温差异显著,给水稻品种选育和大规模推广带来了挑战。龙粳31是21世纪以来我国年推广面积和累计推广面积最大的粳稻品种。该品种以其高产稳产、抗病耐冷、生态广适、米优耐储等优点,打破了空育131在黑龙江长达10年之久的主导地位。本文结合黑龙江省粳稻育种现状,深入分析龙粳31大面积推广的原因,以供今后育种开展。

黑龙江垦区农产品加工业高质量发展对策建议

农产品加工业的发展对于优化地区产业结构、增强农业产业链的韧性以及增加地区就业机会都具有重要的意义。黑龙江省提出将食品和农产品精深加工业打造成全省第一支柱产业,黑龙江垦区作为重要的粮食生产基地,在推动农产品加工业转型升级与实现高质量发展方面肩负重任。当前垦区农产品加工业发展势头良好,产业规模不断扩大,产业效益和社会效益稳中有升,品牌价值逐步体现。但仍存在着产业精深加工水平较低;农产品加工技术创新能力仍然薄弱;品牌与经济效益增长不同步等问题。鉴于此,从延拓产业链条、扩大品牌影响力、增加科创投入等角度提出推进黑龙江垦区农产品加工业高质量发展的路径。

黑龙江多宝山地区晚泥盆世A型花岗斑岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

黑龙江多宝山地区位于兴蒙造山带东段,为兴安地块与松嫩地块的拼合部位,是研究嫩江—黑河洋(古亚洲洋分支)构造演化的关键地段。对嫩江市多宝山地区西侧出露的花岗斑岩开展岩石学、年代学和元素地球化学等方面的研究,以期限定其形成时代,探讨岩石成因及构造背景,为嫩江—黑河洋构造岩浆演化提供依据。花岗斑岩呈肉红色,具多斑状结构,块状构造,斑晶由钾长石、石英和少量的斜长石组成,基质主要由微晶结构的长英质矿物和少量黑云母组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(365.1±2.6)Ma,形成于晚泥盆世晚期。岩石地球化学具有高质量分数的SiO_(2)、K_(2)O,低质量分数的CaO、MgO和Al_(2)O_(3),高TFeO/MgO和Rb/Sr值,富集Rb、Th、Zr和Hf元素,贫Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P元素,REE配分曲线呈燕式分布,负铕异常明显,表现出A型花岗岩的特征。以高的Zr/Hf值,Na_(2)O、TFeO质量分数和相对低的P_(2)O_(5)、Rb质量分数区别于高分异I型、S型花岗岩。特征微量元素比值与大陆地壳相应值相近,且岩石具有较低的MgO、Cr质量分数和Mg#值,指示其源区主要来自地壳。综合分析表明,该期花岗斑岩为非典型A1亚类花岗岩,兼具火山弧和板内花岗岩的元素地球化学特征,形成于嫩江—黑河洋北向俯冲挤压体系下派生的局部拉张环境。

黑龙江呼玛地区早侏罗世二长花岗岩的岩石成因及地质意义

本文通过岩石学、年代学、岩石地球化学等手段,对位于兴安地块东北部的黑龙江呼玛地区早侏罗世二长花岗岩进行岩石成因和构造背景的研究。结果表明,区内早侏罗世二长花岗岩的形成时间集中在(176.3±0.8)Ma~(177.7±1.1)Ma,具有高硅、中低钾、中等镁铁及贫钙特征,属高钾钙碱性系列;富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土和高场强元素,Eu负异常不明显(0.70~1.50);随SiO 2含量的增加P 2 O 5含量递减,有相对高的Sr/Y(9.67~148.07)和La N/Yb N(7.66~54.12)比值,低的Mg#(23.07~39.37)Cr(6.00~11.60)×10^(-6)和Ni(4.69~9.39)×10^(-6)值,具有I型花岗岩特征。其Nb/Ta比值略高于大陆地壳均值,Th含量介于地壳与地幔丰度值区间,表明有幔源成分的加入。通过构造背景判图显示,大部分样品落入火山弧环境中,结合区域上相近年代侵入岩的分布特征及岩石地球化学特征规律,推测岩浆形成于与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋南向俯冲有关的大陆边缘弧环境。

黑龙江椭坡垴地区水系沉积物地球化学特征与找矿前景

椭坡垴地区为大兴安岭森林植被浅覆盖区,是实施水系沉积物测量找矿的有利区域,针对该区热液成矿作用的特点,对该区开展了Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi、W、Mo、Sn、Hg等12种元素的1∶5万水系沉积物测量,通过对4个地质子区的元素地球化学特征进行的对比与分析,查明了区域元素富集贫化规律,采用因子分析方法对特征值大于1的塔木兰沟组火山岩(J_(3)t)子区和侵入岩(ηγ∈3-O_(1)和γπ∈3-O_(1))子区的因子主成分进行了系统研究,结果表明火山岩子区中宝14Hs-30异常由金铅锌矿化引起,在该子区发现金铅锌矿点一处;侵入岩子区中宝14Hs-4异常由锡矿化引起。在此基础上总结了区内金矿和铅锌矿的找矿标志,并在该区域内圈定锡成矿远景区1处。

Radiometric Zircon Ages of a Tuff Sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation,Jiayin:A Contribution to the Search for the K-T Boundary in Heilongjian River Area,China

The existence of the Cretaceous-Tertiary （K/T） boundary in the non-marine succession is expected at Jiayin in the Heilongjiang River area, China. Zircons from a tuff sample from the Baishantou Member of Wuyun Formation in Jiayin were analyzed by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating and fission-track dating methods. Ages of 64.1±0.7 Ma （U-Pb） and 61.7±1.8 Ma （fission-track dating） were obtained, which allow reevaluation of a previously reported late Maastrichian age for the tuff layer that was in conflict with the paleontological evidence. These results confirm the Danian age of the section in agreement with the paleontological evidence.

Revisit of event-based rainfall characteristics at Shapotou area in northern China

Distribution of rainfall event sizes and interval lengths between events are important characteristics of arid and semi-arid climates. Understanding their importance will contribute to our ability to understand ecosystem dynamics in these regions. Rainfall event timing and magnitude are important drivers of ecosystem processes and are instrumental in creating land-scape heterogeneity in arid and semi-arid regions. Rainfall event characteristics were analyzed using an automatic tip-ping-bucket rain-gauge record across the entire summer monsoon season from 2008 to 2015 at the arid desert area of Shapotou in the Tengger Desert, China. Changing the minimum inter-event time （MIT） from 30 min to 24 h alters the number of rainfall events from 64 to 25 for the event depth larger than 0.1 mm. The mean rainfall intensity declined from 0.95 mm/h to 0.53 mm/h, and the geometric mean event duration rose from 0.55 h to 4.4 h. The number of rainfall events, mean rainfall intensity, and geometric mean event duration differed under different criteria of individual rainfall depths, except that for an individual rainfall depth of 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mm. The aforementioned features differed only at the lowest range of the mean rainfall intensity and depth for MIT=3 and 6 h. These findings suggest that identification of event-based rainfall in this specific arid region can be better achieved by setting the MIT at six hours. The wide variation in rainfall event properties indicate the need for paying more attention to the proper selection and reporting of event criteria in studies that adopt event-based data analysis. This is especially true in quantifying effective rainfall for soil water replenishment in terms of rainfall depth and intensity with infrequent rainfall events.

Estimation of Small Reservoir Sedimentation in Semi-Arid Southern Zimbabwe

Small surface reservoirs play an important role of providing ready and convenient source of water for various uses in semi-arid areas which are characterized by erratic and low rainfall. Lack of current data on reservoir capacity loss due to sedimentation is one of the challenges to the sustainable management of surface reservoirs. The study investigated the capacity loss due to sedimentation from 2000-2012, and estimated the trap efficiency of the Mutangi reservoir which is located in semi-arid Chivi, Southern of Zimbabwe. Hydrographic surveys, grab sampling and water depth-capacity methods were used to determine the capacity of the dam as of 2012. To compute capacity loss from 2000 to 2012, the 2000 and 2012 dam capacities were compared whilst the trap efficiency of the reservoir was determined using a set of empirical models that relates trap efficiency to the capacity-watershed area ratio and capacity-inflow ratio. The results show that Mutangi reservoir has a trap efficiency of 95% - 98% (av = 96.4%) and has lost 37% of its capacity due to sedimentation in 12 years (2000 and 2012). Rates of sedimentation were 8539 t·yr-1, 9110?t·yr-1 and 8265 t·yr-1 for the hydrographic survey, grab sampling and water depth-capacity method respectively, and the little difference in these figures demonstrates that any method can be used to determine sedimentation rates. The area specific sediment yield (ASY) ranged from 14 - 15.5 t·ha-1·yr-1 (av = 14.956 t·ha-1·yr-1). At the current rate of sedimentation the projected dead level of the reservoir will be lost to sedimentation in 8 years while the useful life of the reservoir is estimated to be 30 years. Capacity loss due to sedimentation is further complicating the already strained water scarcity situation in semi-arid areas and management decisions should be made based on the current sedimentation rates estimated by different methods. These results imply that management practices that reduce erosion, hence sedimentation in these small reservoirs should be practiced in order to prolong their lifespan.

The Effect of Polyvinyl Acetate Polymer on Reducing Dust in Arid and Semiarid Areas

Because the large areas of Iran are on arid and semiarid belt of the world, it has many problems due to windstorms. Wind storms cause dust and haze due to a mass of fine sand or silt soil elevated in the atmosphere. It makes heart disease-cardiovascular and respiratory and so is detrimental for the children. These have plagued the residents and so lives of them are disrupted every so often. In this research, the subject soil stabilization using adherence of poly vinyl acetate polymer as a way to reduce the production of dust is defined for prone area. In this paper, the effect of poly vinyl acetate polymer on silt soil has been studied. In this study the samples were uncompacted particles of soil with different amount of water-solvated polymer (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 grams per meter squared) poured over them. These samples are kept in experimental environment for 7 days. After ensuring complete dryness, their stabilities are tested against wind flow with 20 m/s speed. Results showed that adding more polymers to soil would considerably increase its particles’ stabilities. This stability is due to positive reaction of polymer with soil particles. The effect of this stability is maintained during sample drying time in the lab and the soil maintains its characteristics during testing. The best results are obtained for 20 grams polymer per meter squared, where caused an increase in stability to about 15 times that of the soil without polymer.

Sedimentological features of Cretaceous--Tertiary (K/T) boundary section along Heilongjiang River,Northeast China

The Jiayin area along the Heilongjiang River in Northeast China has attracted stratigraphic and sedimentological interests recently because the Cretaceous--Tertiary (K/T) boundary should be located in this non-marine succession.Dinosaur remains disappear suddenly at the upper part of the Maastrichtian,whereas plants gradually evolved throughout the succession.Analysis of sedimentary facies has been carried out and paleo-environments through Upper Cretaceous to lower Paleocene sections are reconstructed.Fluvial to lacustrine sedimentary environments are inferred from the facies.Several debris flow events have been identified,and it is in these deposits that the dinosaur fossils are concentrated.

Foliar δ^13C Values and Water Use Efficiency ofSemi-arid Plants in Horqin Sandy Land, China

Water was a key factor restricting the plantation in sandy areas. Foliar δ^(13)C value regarded as an indicator of longterm water use efficiency(WUE) of plants was generally used to evaluate the adaptability of plants to arid and semi-arid environment. In Horqin sandy land of China, the foliar δ^(13)C values of 114 species in 35 families naturally growing in the area, and 15 species of sand-fixing trees and shrubs were measured and analyzed in 2012. The results showed that 97 species in all 114 species were C_3 plants and only 17 species were C_4 plants. Most C_4 plants belonged to Gramineae family. The foliar δ^(13)C value of C_3 plants was between -25.000 and -31.075‰ with an average of-28.226‰, while those of C_4 plants between -12.578 and -16.334‰, with an average of -13.678‰. The δ^(13)C values of mature leaves collected in August were averagely 0.85‰ less than that of juvenile leaves collected in June. The foliar δ^(13)C values and WUE of 15 sand-fixing tree species in Horqin sandy land ranked in the order as: S.vulgaris >H.rhamnoides >C.ovata >P.mongolica >T.chinensis >R.typhina >S.matsudana >E.angustifolia >U.pumila >S.gordejevii >X.sorbifolia >C.microphylla >H.fruticosum >C.korshinskii >E.bungeanus.