Preparation of sulphonate-containing core/shell latex particles via seeded emulsion copolymerization

In this study, P（St-MAA） seed latex particles were first prepared via soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene （St） and methacrylic acid （MAA）, then the seed particles were allowed to swell with St at room temperature, and the P（St-MAA）/P（St- NaSS） core/shell latex particles were then synthesized via seeded emulsion copolymerization of St and sodium styrene sulphonate （NaSS） using AIBN as initiator in the presence of N,N^-methylenebisacrylamide （BAA, water-soluble crosslinker）. Results showed that the polymerization could be carried out smoothly when the ratio of BAA to total monomers was less than 3 mol%, the narrow dispersed P（St-MAA） seed particles with the diameter of 150 nm and the P（St-MAA）/P（St-NaSS） core/shell latexes with the particle size of about 200 nm were synthesized. When the 25/75 mole ratio of NaSS/（St ＋ MAA） and 2 tool% of BAA were used in the seeded emulsion polymerization, the resulted P（St-MAA）/P（St-NaSS） latex product showed a low weight loss after water extraction, and the NaSS unit content in the whole particle and in the shell reached 11.7 mol% and 34.6 mol%, resoectivelv.

SEED SEMICONTINUOUS EMULSION MULTI-COPOLYMERIZATION OF (METH) ACRYLATES WITH HIGH-SOLID CONTENT: EFFECT OF THE OPERATION CONDITIONS

The seeded semicontinuous emulsion multi-copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), 2-hydroxyl propyl acrylate (HOPA) and acrylic acid (AA) was used to prepare the acrylic latexes with high-solid content. The effects of monomer emulsion feed rates (R(a)) and (R/E)(E) values, the ratio of emulsifier amount between the initial charge (R) and the addition monomer emulsion (E), on the polymerization reaction features, the viscosities, surface tensions,particle sizes and particle sizes distributions of latexes, T-g and the insoluble fractions of films, the 180 degrees peel strength, tack and holding power of pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes, prepared from the latexes, were studied. Experimental study shows that the grafting and crosslinking fraction in the PSA tapes must be controlled within a suitable range to keep the balance of the 180 degrees peel strength, tack and holding power.

Synthesis of Bowl-like Particles by Emulsion Polymerization and Release Behavior of Solvent from the Particles

Bowl-like poly (styrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate) was synthesized by swollen seeded emulsion polymerization. The polymerization was carried out in PS seed emulsion swollen by toluene, whereby the bowl-like particles formed at last. The shape was observed by SEM. These particles became ball-like when swollen by toluene, observed by optical microscope, and the release behavior of solvent from them was examined.

SYNTHESIS OF BOWL-LIKE PARTICLES BY EMULSION POLYMERIZATION AND RELEASE BEHAVIOR OF SOLVENT FROM THE PARTICLES

Poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) particles having bowl-shaped hollow structures were synthesized by swollen seed emulsion polymerization. The PS emulsion synthesized through soap-free emulsion polymerization was swollen by toluene, and then the mixture of second monomers was added under polymerization condition. So a thin shell of poly(styrene-glycidyl methacrylate) cross-linked by triethylene glycol diacrylate was formed around the swollen PS particle. The bowl-shaped particles were obtained after the collapsing of the thin shell when the toluene emanated from the particles, but the shapes were effected by the degrees of cross-linking. The shape of the particles was observed by SEM. The release behavior of solvent from the particles was examined by TG.

Effect of Polymerization Temperature on Cationic Emulsion Properties

The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of the polymerization temperature on the kinetic features(instantaneous and overall conversions)and colloidal characteristics[mean particle diameter,stabilities]in the semicontinuous seeded cationic emulsion polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate.Azobis is obutyl amidine hydrochloride was used as an initiator.The surfactants wascetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.The results showed that the final instant when the polymerization temperature of 85℃emulsion highest conversion rate,and the temperature of the emulsion particle size,centrifugal stability is the best,85℃emulsion in the emulsion anti-dilution and acid salt stability also showed excellent stability.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorine-containing Polyacrylate Emulsion with Core-Shell Structure

A fluorine-containing polyacrylate copolymer emulsion was synthesized by a seed emulsion polymerization method, in which methyl methacrylate （MMA） and butyl acrylate （BA） were used as main monomers and hexafluorobutyl methacrylate （HFMA） as fluorine-containing monomer. The structure and properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum （FT-IR）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, particle size analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, contact angle （CA）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetry （TG） analysis. The FTIR and TEM results showed that HFMA was effectively involved in the emulsion copolymerization, and the formed emulsion particles had a core-shell structure and a narrow particle size distribution. XPS and CA analysis revealed that a gradient concentration of fluorine existed in the depth profile of fluorine-containing emulsion film which was richer in fluorine and more hydrophobic in one side. DSC and TG analysis also showed that a clear core-shell structure existed in the fluorine-containing emulsion particles, and their film showed higher thermal stability than that of fluorine-free emulsion.

Synthesis of submicron-sized peanut-shaped poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene particles by seeded soap-free emulsion polymerization

Submicron-sized peanut-shaped poly（methyl methacrylate）/polystyrene （PMMA/PS） particles were successfully synthesized by seeded soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene on the spherical crosslinked PMMA seed particles. The obtained peanut- shaped particles showed a novel internal morphology： PS phase formed one domain which linked to the other domain having PMMA core encased by PS shell.

PREPARATION OF MICRON-SIZED NONSPHERICAL POLYSTYRENE/POLY(STYRENE-co-ETHYLENEGLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE) PARTICLES BY SEEDED SOAP-FREE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Micron-sized nonspherical polymer particles having different morphologies were synthesized by seeded soap-free emulsion polymerization of styrene （St） and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate （EGDMA, used as a crosslinker） on spherical, linear polystyrene （PS） seed particles. The morphology of the resulting PS/poly（St-co-EGDMA） particles was dependent on the crosslinker concentration and polymerization temperature.

N⁃苯基马来酰亚胺共聚物的合成及对PVC树脂耐热改性效果研究

通过种子乳液聚合结合半连续加料方式,成功聚合出分子结构一致且与聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂具有良好相容性的聚(N‐苯基马来酰亚胺‐苯乙烯‐丙烯腈)(PNSA)共聚物胶乳,将其与PVC树脂直接复合制备PNSA/PVC复合材料,并对PNAS耐热改性的效果进行评价。结果表明,PNSA纳米胶乳颗粒粒径在155.3~251.5 nm之间,粒径分布均一;PNSA共聚物分子组成呈无规结构,分子结构一致,差示扫描量热曲线呈现单一的玻璃化转变温度(T_(g)),且与PVC树脂具有极佳的相容性;PNSA含量由0升高至50%(质量比,下同)时,复合材料的T_(g)由84.8℃提高到107.2℃,提高了22.4℃,维卡软化温度由71.2℃提高到91.9℃,提高了20.7℃;除耐热性改善以外,复合材料的力学性能也有一定程度的提高,本文的研究有利于PVC应用领域的进一步拓展。

种子乳液法PVC糊树脂聚合安全的影响因素及控制措施

对种子乳液法PVC糊树脂生产过程中影响聚合生产安全的因素进行了分析,并根据生产特点及生产工艺提出了提升反应安全性的措施。

二元粒度分布高固含量聚偏二氯乙烯乳液研究

针对高固含量聚偏二氯乙烯乳液黏度高、储存稳定性差及加工困难等问题,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了含固质量分数为68%、黏度低于200 mPa·s的聚偏二氯乙烯乳液。研究了乳化剂及种子乳液粒径对乳液固含量及稳定性的影响,结果表明:m(VDC):m(MMA+AA)=9:1,乳化剂质量分数为1.5%~2%,大小种子粒径比为2.5、个数比为4~5时,乳液性能最佳。

不同交联剂对ASA核壳聚合物增韧性能影响

为考察交联剂对丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料(ASA)接枝塑料增韧性能的影响,使用丙烯酸双环戊二烯基酯(DCPA)、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)和三烯丙基脲酸酯(TAC)三种不同的交联剂制备了一系列核壳结构的ASA,再将其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈塑料(SAN)熔融共混制得ASA/SAN共混物。通过测算接枝率和差示扫描量热测试,证明成功合成ASA接枝聚合物。利用冲击测试仪、电子拉力机对共混物力学性能进行分析。结果表明,使用TAIC交联剂制备的ASA/SAN共混物缺口缺口冲击强度最高达到170.4 J/m,高于DCPA和TAIC交联剂。对比三种交联剂的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率,发现使用TAIC的ASA/SAN共混物拉伸强度略低于其它两种,断裂伸长率没有明显区别。动态力学分析仪考察了不同交联剂对ASA/SAN共混物动态力学性能的影响,发现低温区的玻璃化转化温度不同,说明交联剂会对橡胶相的玻璃化转化温度产生影响。

种子乳液法PVC糊树脂生产密闭控制技术及应用

针对传统种子乳液法PVC糊树脂生产劳动强度大、频繁开启人孔造成密封损坏等问题进行了工艺改进,采用了全自动高压清洗技术和人孔助剂密闭加入技术,提高了整个生产工艺的自动化水平和生产效率。

有机硅改性丙烯酸酯共聚乳液的合成及表征

采用间歇和种子半连续乳液聚合方法合成有机硅改性丙烯酸酯(硅丙)共聚乳液,用激光粒度仪、透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、表面张力仪等分析了硅丙共聚乳液和涂层的性能。采用种子半连续乳液聚合和间歇乳液聚合均可得到具有核-壳结构的硅丙共聚乳液。半连续乳液聚合得到的硅丙共聚乳液的粒径较小,粒径分布窄;采用半连续滴加纯丙烯酸酯单体和滴加单体预乳液对共聚乳胶粒子的平均粒径及粒径分布、形态影响不大。采用间歇乳液聚合可使有机硅单体的开环聚合和丙烯酸酯单体的自由基聚合同时进行,获得的硅丙乳液稳定性好,但聚合转化率偏低,乳胶粒子粒径较大,粒径分布较宽。硅丙共聚乳液胶膜的吸水率小于纯丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶膜,并随有机硅共聚率的增加而降低;硅丙乳液胶膜的接触角接近有机硅接触角。硅丙共聚乳液涂层整理的织物手感优异,但涂层牢度小于纯丙乳液整理剂。

具有核壳结构的自交联硅丙乳液的制备与性能

通过种子乳液聚合法制备了以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)-苯乙烯(S t)共聚物为核,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MM A)-苯乙烯(S t)-乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(VTES)为壳的水性自交联乳液。用旋转黏度仪研究了乳液的流变性能。对所得乳胶膜进行了交联度和力学性能的研究,结果发现,随着VTES含量的增大,其交联度明显提高;pH值越小,膜的交联越充分,力学强度越高;核-壳组分质量比越小,乳胶膜的拉伸强度越大。

无机-高分子磁性复合粒子的制备与表征

详细地研究了乳化剂用量对种子乳液聚合反应的影响，并成功地制备出粒径约300nm的苯乙烯／丙烯酸共聚小球．另外，还报道使用化学共沉淀法使无机粒子与高分子球复合，制备出高分子球为核，无机粒子为壳层的磁性复合粒子，使用XRD、TEM等手段对此复合粒子进行了表征．同时，进一步研究了这种复合粒子悬浮液的悬浮性能以及粘度随磁场的变化情况．

P(St-MMA-AA)多孔胶粒聚合物乳液的合成

以苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）二元共聚乳液为种子，通过无皂种子乳液共聚合，制得具有一定交联度的Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ－ＡＡ）乳液。将稀释后的该乳液在９０℃下依次用碱、酸各处理３ｈ，首次得到了具有多孔结构的Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ＭＭＡ－ＡＡ）乳胶粒。透射电镜结果表明，碱、酸处理后胶粒体积增大了３７％。

聚硅氧烷/丙烯酸酯核/壳复合胶乳的粒径分布与成核机理

通过种子乳液法合成出具有高有机硅含量核 壳结构的聚硅氧烷 丙烯酸酯复合粒子 .研究了聚合方法、乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度、单体滴加速度等工艺条件对复合乳液粒径尺寸、分布与形态的影响 ,并对复合乳液的成核机理进行了探讨 .研究表明 ,乳化剂浓度对乳液粒子的粒径分布和形态、结构有显著影响 ,引发剂浓度增加将使粒子粒径减小 ;相对一次投料法 ,种子乳液法生成的粒子分布窄 ,具有明显核壳结构 ,通过壳层单体滴加速度可以控制粒子的粒径尺寸和分布 ;而壳层丙烯酸酯聚合物主要是在聚硅氧烷种子表面的“过渡层”聚合、富集而成 .

种子乳液聚合的研究进展

种子乳液聚合法因具有乳液稳定性更好、粒径分布窄、易控制等优点,在乳胶粒子设计及制备各种功能性胶乳方面具有重要作用,是制备高固含量乳液及具有核壳结构乳液的最常见最简便的方法。本文综述了近年来种子乳液的聚合工艺、聚合机理,包括接枝机理、互穿聚合物网络机理、聚合物沉积机理、种子表面聚合机理和离子键合机理等,以及种子乳液聚合在乳胶粒子设计方面的应用研究进展,并讨论了影响种子乳液聚合的各种因素。

核/壳结构聚丙烯酸酯塑料增韧剂的制备与结构控制

核／壳结构聚丙烯酸酯塑料增韧剂的制备与结构控制张会轩戴英杨海东＊冯之榴（吉林工学院化工系长春１３００１２）（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所１３００２２）关键词聚丙烯酸酯，增韧剂，制备，种子乳液聚合１９９６－０８－２８收稿，１９９７－０１－０６修回国家自...