Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fi...Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.展开更多
Heteroconchia,a widespread and abundant aquatic invertebrate,is an important clade of bivalve mollusks.The relationship between the three branches of Heteroconchia,Palaeoheterodonta,Archiheterodonta,and Euheterodonta ...Heteroconchia,a widespread and abundant aquatic invertebrate,is an important clade of bivalve mollusks.The relationship between the three branches of Heteroconchia,Palaeoheterodonta,Archiheterodonta,and Euheterodonta has become a main controversy in molecular studies of the relationships between bivalves.In the present study,we assembled the complete mitochondrial genomes of Tapes dorsatus(Veneridae)and Cardita variegata(Carditidae)using high-throughput sequencing.C.variegata is the first mitochondrial genome belonging to the family Carditidae to be reported.We used 12 protein coding genes(excluding atp8)from the complete mitochondrial genomes of 146 species to recover the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.Our results support the traditional view of early branching of Palaeoheterodonta and the recovery of the monophyly of Palaeoheterodonta,Anomalodesmata,Imparidentia.Rearrangement analysis show that gene arrangement within Venerida was highly variable.Time-calibrated phylogenetic studies based on a relaxed molecular clock model suggested that Veneridae originated approximately 337.62 million years ago(Ma)and split into two major clades,whereas Carditidae originated approximately 510.09 Ma.Our results provide evidence of the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.展开更多
Reactions of piperidine derivatives 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine(4-AMPD) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine(1-MPDA) with semi-conductive metal iodine SbI3 and PbI2 in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded two one-dimensio...Reactions of piperidine derivatives 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine(4-AMPD) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine(1-MPDA) with semi-conductive metal iodine SbI3 and PbI2 in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded two one-dimensional(1 D) chain compounds [(4-AMPD)SbI5]n(1), [(1-MPDA)SbI5]n(2) and a two-dimensional(2 D) single layered organicinorganic hybrid material [(1-MPDA)PbI4]n(3), which were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared(IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD). Simultaneously, compounds 1~3 exhibit strong emission peaks at 600 nm for 1 and 2 and 570 nm for 3, which were originated from their inorganic moieties.展开更多
Cables composed of rare-earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)tapes have been extensively used in various superconducting devices.In recent years,conductor on round core(CORC)cable has drawn the attention of researchers wit...Cables composed of rare-earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)tapes have been extensively used in various superconducting devices.In recent years,conductor on round core(CORC)cable has drawn the attention of researchers with its outstanding current-carrying capacity and mechanical properties.The REBCO tapes are wound spirally on the surface of CORC cable.Under extreme loadings,the REBCO tapes with layered composite structures are vulnerable,which can lead to degradation of critical current and even quenching of superconducting devices.In this paper,we simulate the deformation of CORC cable under external loads,and analyze the damage inside the tape with the cohesive zone model(CZM).Firstly,the fabrication and cabling of CORC are simulated,and the stresses and strains generated in the tape are extracted as the initial condition of the next step.Then,the tension and bending loads are applied to CORC cable,and the damage distribution inside the tape is presented.In addition,the effects of some parameters on the damage are discussed during the bending simulations.展开更多
The thermal behavior of pipes with a twisted tape inside(used to enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)is studied in the laminar flow regime.Oil is used as the work fluid with the corresponding Reynolds Number s...The thermal behavior of pipes with a twisted tape inside(used to enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)is studied in the laminar flow regime.Oil is used as the work fluid with the corresponding Reynolds Number spanning the interval 200–2000.It is found that in such conditions the‘Nusselt Number’(Nu)gradually increases with reducing the tape twist ratio,whereas the friction factor is detrimentally affected by the presence of the tape(as witnessed by the comparison with the companion case where a plain tube is considered).In particular,it is shown that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved by nearly 69%if tape inserts with a relatively low twist ratio are used.On the basis of these findings,it is concluded that loose fit tape inserts are superior to tight fit tapes in terms of heat transfer and ease of replacement.展开更多
The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to...The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.展开更多
文摘Heat augmentation techniques play a vital role in the heating and cooling processes in industries,including solar collectors and many applications that utilize heat exchangers.Several studies are based on inserting fillers inside the tubes to enhance heat transfer.This investigation considered the effects of twisted tapes with large holes on a tubular heat exchanger’s(HX)heat transmission,pressure drop,and thermal boosting factor.In the experimental section,counter-swirl flow generators used twisted tapes with pairs of 1.0 cm-diameter holes and changes in porosity(Rp)at 1.30%and 2.70%.In the experiments,air was utilized as a working fluid in a tube with a circular cross-section.The turbulent flow was considered,with Reynolds numbers(Re)domain from 4800 to 9500,and a boundary condition with a uniform wall heat flux was constructed.The findings expound that when the number of holes rose,the Nusselt number(Nu),the factor of friction(f),and the thermal enhancement factor(η)all increased as well.Additionally,as the friction factor increased,the Nusselt number of the tape-equipped tube was noticeably higher.Additionally,it was discovered that the friction factor was between 70%and 94%lower than the values of the tube without tape,while the(Nu)was between 87%and 97%higher than the conventional tube values.The maximum value ofηis 89%.According to the experimental results,empirical correlations for Nu,f,andηwere also generated.
基金Supported by the Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(Major Science and Technology Innovation Project)(No.2021CXGC011306)the MNR Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science and Technology,China(No.MEEST-2021-05)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020MD002)the Doctoral Science Research Foundation of Yantai University(Nos.SM15B01,SM19B70,SM19B28)the“Double-Hundred Action”of Yantai City(No.2320004-SM20RC02)。
文摘Heteroconchia,a widespread and abundant aquatic invertebrate,is an important clade of bivalve mollusks.The relationship between the three branches of Heteroconchia,Palaeoheterodonta,Archiheterodonta,and Euheterodonta has become a main controversy in molecular studies of the relationships between bivalves.In the present study,we assembled the complete mitochondrial genomes of Tapes dorsatus(Veneridae)and Cardita variegata(Carditidae)using high-throughput sequencing.C.variegata is the first mitochondrial genome belonging to the family Carditidae to be reported.We used 12 protein coding genes(excluding atp8)from the complete mitochondrial genomes of 146 species to recover the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.Our results support the traditional view of early branching of Palaeoheterodonta and the recovery of the monophyly of Palaeoheterodonta,Anomalodesmata,Imparidentia.Rearrangement analysis show that gene arrangement within Venerida was highly variable.Time-calibrated phylogenetic studies based on a relaxed molecular clock model suggested that Veneridae originated approximately 337.62 million years ago(Ma)and split into two major clades,whereas Carditidae originated approximately 510.09 Ma.Our results provide evidence of the internal relationships of Heteroconchia.
基金Financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571094,21661021,21865015)the Graduate Student Creativity Funding of Jiangxi Province(No.YC2015-S008)
文摘Reactions of piperidine derivatives 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine(4-AMPD) and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine(1-MPDA) with semi-conductive metal iodine SbI3 and PbI2 in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded two one-dimensional(1 D) chain compounds [(4-AMPD)SbI5]n(1), [(1-MPDA)SbI5]n(2) and a two-dimensional(2 D) single layered organicinorganic hybrid material [(1-MPDA)PbI4]n(3), which were confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, infrared(IR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD). Simultaneously, compounds 1~3 exhibit strong emission peaks at 600 nm for 1 and 2 and 570 nm for 3, which were originated from their inorganic moieties.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2241267,1217215511872195)。
文摘Cables composed of rare-earth barium copper oxide(REBCO)tapes have been extensively used in various superconducting devices.In recent years,conductor on round core(CORC)cable has drawn the attention of researchers with its outstanding current-carrying capacity and mechanical properties.The REBCO tapes are wound spirally on the surface of CORC cable.Under extreme loadings,the REBCO tapes with layered composite structures are vulnerable,which can lead to degradation of critical current and even quenching of superconducting devices.In this paper,we simulate the deformation of CORC cable under external loads,and analyze the damage inside the tape with the cohesive zone model(CZM).Firstly,the fabrication and cabling of CORC are simulated,and the stresses and strains generated in the tape are extracted as the initial condition of the next step.Then,the tension and bending loads are applied to CORC cable,and the damage distribution inside the tape is presented.In addition,the effects of some parameters on the damage are discussed during the bending simulations.
文摘The thermal behavior of pipes with a twisted tape inside(used to enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)is studied in the laminar flow regime.Oil is used as the work fluid with the corresponding Reynolds Number spanning the interval 200–2000.It is found that in such conditions the‘Nusselt Number’(Nu)gradually increases with reducing the tape twist ratio,whereas the friction factor is detrimentally affected by the presence of the tape(as witnessed by the comparison with the companion case where a plain tube is considered).In particular,it is shown that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved by nearly 69%if tape inserts with a relatively low twist ratio are used.On the basis of these findings,it is concluded that loose fit tape inserts are superior to tight fit tapes in terms of heat transfer and ease of replacement.
文摘The thermo-hydraulic properties of circular tubes with a twisted tape inside(used accordingly to induce turbulence and enhance heat transfer through the tube wall)are described for Reynolds Numbers ranging from 830 to 1990.Tapes twisted with the three distinct twist ratios are considered,namely,6,4.4 and 3.Air is used as the working fluid in several tests.For the sake of comparison,the standard tube with no insert is also examined.It is shown that in the presence of the twisted tape,the‘frictional factor’,‘Nusselt Number’and the‘thermal performance factor’are much higher than those obtained for the plain tube.Moreover,the tapes having the lowest twist ratio,i.e.,3,are more effective than the others in terms of heat transfer augmentation.The‘thermal performance factor’is greater than one for all the twisted tapes used in the experiments,which confirms the enhanced performances of the heat exchanger and the related savings in terms of total energy.
