This paper focus on solving the problem of seafloor control point absolute positioning with low vertical accuracy based on the survey ship sailing circle. The method of dealing with the systematic error based on a sem...This paper focus on solving the problem of seafloor control point absolute positioning with low vertical accuracy based on the survey ship sailing circle. The method of dealing with the systematic error based on a semi-parametric adjustment model was proposed. Firstly, the influence of sound velocity change on ranging error is analyzed. Secondly, a semi-parametric adjustment model for determining three-dimensional coordinates of seafloor control points was established. And respectively proposed solutions under two different conditions, the observation duration is an integral multiple or non-integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error. The simulation experiment shows that this method can obviously improve the accuracy of vertical solution of seafloor control point compared with the difference technique and the least-squares method when internal waves exist and observation duration is less than an integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error.展开更多
This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vege...This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables, as well as spectral variables. Based on the fitted GAMs model, probability map of species occurrence was generated and then vegetation type of each grid was defined according to the probability of species occurrence. Deviance analysis was employed to test the goodness of curve fitting and drop contribution calculation was used to evaluate the contribution of each predictor in the fitted GAMs models. Area under curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the results maps of probability. The results showed that: 1) AUC values of the fitted GAMs models are very high which proves that integrating spectral data and environmental variables based on the GAMs is a feasible way to map the vegetation. 2) Prediction accuracy varies with plant community, and community with dense cover is better predicted than sparse plant community. 3) Both spectral variables and environmental variables play an important role in mapping the vegetation. However, the contribution of the same predictor in the GAMs models for different plant communities is different. 4) Insufficient resolution of spectral data, environmental data and confounding effects of land use and other variables which are not closely related to the environmental conditions are the major causes of imprecision.展开更多
单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份...单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份、海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海面高度(sea surface height,SSH)、经度和纬度对CPUE呈显著性影响,通过对不同GAM模型的AIC (Akaike information criterion)值比较,由月份、SST、SSH、经度和纬度5个因子构成的GAM模型为最优CPUE标准化模型,对CPUE偏差的解释率为40.3%。研究表明,西北印度洋鸢乌贼高CPUE主要出现在9月至翌年3月,海域范围为16°~19°N、60°~65°E,SST为25~28°C、SSH为0.2~0.4 m的海域内。整体而言,标准化CPUE低于名义CPUE,但二者的变化趋势基本一致。展开更多
Given a sample of regression data from (Y, Z), a new diagnostic plotting method is proposed for checking the hypothesis H0: the data are from a given Cox model with the time-dependent covariates Z. It compares two est...Given a sample of regression data from (Y, Z), a new diagnostic plotting method is proposed for checking the hypothesis H0: the data are from a given Cox model with the time-dependent covariates Z. It compares two estimates of the marginal distribution FY of Y. One is an estimate of the modified expression of FY under H0, based on a consistent estimate of the parameter under H0, and based on the baseline distribution of the data. The other is the Kaplan-Meier-estimator of FY, together with its confidence band. The new plot, called the marginal distribution plot, can be viewed as a test for testing H0. The main advantage of the test over the existing residual tests is in the case that the data do not satisfy any Cox model or the Cox model is mis-specified. Then the new test is still valid, but not the residual tests and the residual tests often make type II error with a very large probability.展开更多
Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends...Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends. We sought to model and predict daily trends of childhood asthma readmissions over time inVictoria,Australia. Methods: We used a database of 75,000 childhood asthma admissions from the Department ofHealth,Victoria,Australiain 1997-2009. Daily admissions over time were modeled using a semi parametric Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and by sex and age group. Predictions were also estimated by using these models. Results: N = 2401 asthma readmissions within 28 days occurred during study period. Of these, n = 1358 (57%) were boys. Overall, seasonal peaks occurred in winter (30.5%) followed by autumn (28.6%) and then spring (24.6%) (p展开更多
海山是海底重要的生物栖息地类型之一,是研究海洋生物多样性的热点区域。黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)广泛分布于中西太平洋,具有极高的生态和经济价值,然而,鲜有关于海山及其相关特征对黄鳍金枪鱼资源丰度和分布影响的研究。基于2010...海山是海底重要的生物栖息地类型之一,是研究海洋生物多样性的热点区域。黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)广泛分布于中西太平洋,具有极高的生态和经济价值,然而,鲜有关于海山及其相关特征对黄鳍金枪鱼资源丰度和分布影响的研究。基于2010—2021年中西太平洋渔业委员会(Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,WCPFC)汇总的延绳钓和围网渔业数据结合海山特征数据,采用广义加性模型(Generalized additive model,GAM)分析两种不同捕捞方式的黄鳍金枪鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch per unit effort,CPUE)与海山相关特征之间的关系。结果表明,中西太平洋两种渔业方式的黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量主要来源于海山区域,海山特征对两种渔业黄鳍金枪鱼的CPUE均产生了极显著性影响(P<0.001)。在延绳钓渔业中,较高的CPUE出现在山顶深度、粗糙度、底面积和海山密度较小、坡度较缓的区域;而在围网渔业中,较高的CPUE则出现在粗糙度较小、山顶深度较大、底面积较大、较陡峭且密集的海山区域。研究探讨了中西太平洋海山特征对黄鳍金枪鱼不同群体的影响机制,为今后进一步探索黄鳍金枪鱼种群分布和资源丰度变化与海洋环境的关系提供了参考与新思路。展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0501701)The National High-tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2013AA122501)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.4187610341874016)。
文摘This paper focus on solving the problem of seafloor control point absolute positioning with low vertical accuracy based on the survey ship sailing circle. The method of dealing with the systematic error based on a semi-parametric adjustment model was proposed. Firstly, the influence of sound velocity change on ranging error is analyzed. Secondly, a semi-parametric adjustment model for determining three-dimensional coordinates of seafloor control points was established. And respectively proposed solutions under two different conditions, the observation duration is an integral multiple or non-integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error. The simulation experiment shows that this method can obviously improve the accuracy of vertical solution of seafloor control point compared with the difference technique and the least-squares method when internal waves exist and observation duration is less than an integer multiple of the long-period term of the ranging error.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001363)
文摘This study aims to provide a predictive vegetation mapping approach based on the spectral data, DEM and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). GAMs were used as a prediction tool to describe the relationship between vegetation and environmental variables, as well as spectral variables. Based on the fitted GAMs model, probability map of species occurrence was generated and then vegetation type of each grid was defined according to the probability of species occurrence. Deviance analysis was employed to test the goodness of curve fitting and drop contribution calculation was used to evaluate the contribution of each predictor in the fitted GAMs models. Area under curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was employed to assess the results maps of probability. The results showed that: 1) AUC values of the fitted GAMs models are very high which proves that integrating spectral data and environmental variables based on the GAMs is a feasible way to map the vegetation. 2) Prediction accuracy varies with plant community, and community with dense cover is better predicted than sparse plant community. 3) Both spectral variables and environmental variables play an important role in mapping the vegetation. However, the contribution of the same predictor in the GAMs models for different plant communities is different. 4) Insufficient resolution of spectral data, environmental data and confounding effects of land use and other variables which are not closely related to the environmental conditions are the major causes of imprecision.
文摘单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)是资源评估的前提和基础,为了更好地评估西北印度洋鸢乌贼资源,采用广义加性模型(generalized additive model,GAM)对2016~2020年西北印度洋鸢乌贼的CPUE进行了标准化。结果显示,月份、海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)、海面高度(sea surface height,SSH)、经度和纬度对CPUE呈显著性影响,通过对不同GAM模型的AIC (Akaike information criterion)值比较,由月份、SST、SSH、经度和纬度5个因子构成的GAM模型为最优CPUE标准化模型,对CPUE偏差的解释率为40.3%。研究表明,西北印度洋鸢乌贼高CPUE主要出现在9月至翌年3月,海域范围为16°~19°N、60°~65°E,SST为25~28°C、SSH为0.2~0.4 m的海域内。整体而言,标准化CPUE低于名义CPUE,但二者的变化趋势基本一致。
文摘Given a sample of regression data from (Y, Z), a new diagnostic plotting method is proposed for checking the hypothesis H0: the data are from a given Cox model with the time-dependent covariates Z. It compares two estimates of the marginal distribution FY of Y. One is an estimate of the modified expression of FY under H0, based on a consistent estimate of the parameter under H0, and based on the baseline distribution of the data. The other is the Kaplan-Meier-estimator of FY, together with its confidence band. The new plot, called the marginal distribution plot, can be viewed as a test for testing H0. The main advantage of the test over the existing residual tests is in the case that the data do not satisfy any Cox model or the Cox model is mis-specified. Then the new test is still valid, but not the residual tests and the residual tests often make type II error with a very large probability.
文摘Background: Daily paediatric asthma readmissions within 28 days are a good example of a low count time series and not easily amenable to common time series methods used in studies of asthma seasonality and time trends. We sought to model and predict daily trends of childhood asthma readmissions over time inVictoria,Australia. Methods: We used a database of 75,000 childhood asthma admissions from the Department ofHealth,Victoria,Australiain 1997-2009. Daily admissions over time were modeled using a semi parametric Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and by sex and age group. Predictions were also estimated by using these models. Results: N = 2401 asthma readmissions within 28 days occurred during study period. Of these, n = 1358 (57%) were boys. Overall, seasonal peaks occurred in winter (30.5%) followed by autumn (28.6%) and then spring (24.6%) (p
文摘海山是海底重要的生物栖息地类型之一,是研究海洋生物多样性的热点区域。黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)广泛分布于中西太平洋,具有极高的生态和经济价值,然而,鲜有关于海山及其相关特征对黄鳍金枪鱼资源丰度和分布影响的研究。基于2010—2021年中西太平洋渔业委员会(Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission,WCPFC)汇总的延绳钓和围网渔业数据结合海山特征数据,采用广义加性模型(Generalized additive model,GAM)分析两种不同捕捞方式的黄鳍金枪鱼单位捕捞努力量渔获量(Catch per unit effort,CPUE)与海山相关特征之间的关系。结果表明,中西太平洋两种渔业方式的黄鳍金枪鱼渔获量主要来源于海山区域,海山特征对两种渔业黄鳍金枪鱼的CPUE均产生了极显著性影响(P<0.001)。在延绳钓渔业中,较高的CPUE出现在山顶深度、粗糙度、底面积和海山密度较小、坡度较缓的区域;而在围网渔业中,较高的CPUE则出现在粗糙度较小、山顶深度较大、底面积较大、较陡峭且密集的海山区域。研究探讨了中西太平洋海山特征对黄鳍金枪鱼不同群体的影响机制,为今后进一步探索黄鳍金枪鱼种群分布和资源丰度变化与海洋环境的关系提供了参考与新思路。
