Contribution of Simulation to the Skills Laboratory for the Learning of Obstetrical Examination in an African Setting with Limited Resources

Objective: To evaluate the interest of the simulation in the learning of the obstetric examination of parturient by medical students. Materials and methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study that took place from 1 to 28 February 2020 at the Yalgado Ouedraogo Teaching Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The study population was made up of medical students at the Doctorate II level. The previous experience of the students in the obstetric examination of the parturient, the contribution of the simulation on their feelings and on their skills towards this examination were studied. The Mc Nemar Chi2 test was used to compare percentages on paired samples. Results: The level of difficulty in performing the obstetrical examination in the parturient evolved downwards after the practice of the simulation. The stress level to perform the obstetric exam has been significantly reduced. On the other hand, confidence has increased. The students’ ability to appreciate each of the elements of the obstetric examination studied had improved after the practice of simulation. Conclusion: The simulation in the skills laboratory was a great contribution and the acquisition of models of better fidelity would help to improve the contribution to the confidence building and the acquisition of skills by learners.

An operation optimization method of a fully mechanized coal mining face based on semi-physical virtual simulation

A mathematical hydraulic support self-tracking model for three-machine cooperative mining is proposed to address low efficiency and difficulties in strategy evaluation of a fully mechanized coal face.The proposed model uses the coordinates and traction speed of the shearer to calculate the frequency of the circular hydraulic support and realize the coordinated operation of the three-machine mining technology.A unity3d hardware-in-the-loop simulation experimental hearer and hydraulic support platform was used to validate the model of autonomous follow-up.The results indicate that collaborative control of coal mining allowed for an efficiency 3.76%higher than under automatic operation mode and 46.03%higher than under manual control;thus,The mathematical model provided an improved production efficiency of the fully mechanized mining face.The mathematical model also provides a more intelligent and reliable security support,and improves the intelligent level of hydraulic support follow-up control.

Improved S Surface Controller and Semi-physical Simulation for AUV

S surface controllers have been proven to provide effective motion control for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV).However, it is difficult to adjust their control parameters manually.Choosing the optimum parameters for the controller of a particular AUV is a significant challenge.To automate the process, a modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm was proposed.It was based on immune theory, and used a nonlinear regression strategy for inertia weight to optimize AUV control parameters.A semi-physical simulation system for the AUV was developed as a platform to verify the proposed control method, and its structure was considered.The simulation results indicated that the semi-physical simulation platform was helpful, the optimization algorithm has good local and global searching abilities, and the method can be reliably used for an AUV.

Semi-physical simulation of AUV pipeline tracking

Before the task of autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) was implemented actually,its semi-physical simulation system of pipeline tracking had been designed.This semi-physical simulation system was used to test the software logic,hardware architecture,data interface and reliability of the control system.To implement this system,the whole system plan,including interface computer and the methods of pipeline tracking,was described.Compared to numerical simulation,the semi-physical simulation was used to test the real software and hardware more veritably.In the semi-physical simulation system,tracking experiments of both straight lines and polygonal lines were carried out,considering the influence of ocean current and the situation of buried pipeline.The experimental results indicate that the AUV can do pipeline tracking task,when angles of pipeline are 15°,30°,45° and 60°.In the ocean current of 2 knots,AUV could track buried pipeline.

A laboratory acoustic emission experiment and numerical simulation of rock fracture driven by a high-pressure fluid source

In order to improve our understanding of rock fracture and fault instability driven by high-pressure fluid sources, the authors carried out rock fracture tests using granite under a confining pressure of 80 MPa with fluid injection in the laboratory. Furthermore, we tested a number of numerical models using the FLAC;modeling software to find the best model to represent the experimental results. The high-speed multichannel acoustic emission（AE） waveform recording system used in this study made it possible to examine the total fracture process through detailed monitoring of AE hypocenters and seismic velocity.The experimental results show that injecting high-pressure oil into the rock sample can induce AE activity at very low stress levels and can dramatically reduce the strength of the rock. The results of the numerical simulations show that major experimental results, including the strength, the temporal and spatial patterns of the AE events, and the role of the fluid can be represented fairly well by a model involving（1） randomly distributed defect elements to model pre-existing cracks,（2） random modification of rock properties to represent inhomogeneity introduced by different mineral grains, and（3）macroscopic inhomogeneity. Our study, which incorporates laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, indicates that such an approach is helpful in finding a better model not only for simulating experimental results but also for upscaling purposes.

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration （SGE） have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane （i-C4/n-C4）, which follow diffusion and infiltration （buoyancy） mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.

New Perspectives for Workflow Analysis in the Health Italian Sector through Discrete Event Simulation: The Case of a Department of Laboratory Medicine

The management systems currently used in the Italian healthcare sector provide fragmented and incomplete information on this system and are generally unlikely to give accurate information on the performances of the healthcare processes. The present paper introduces a combined discrete event simulation (DES)/business process management (BPM) approach as innovative means to study the workflow of the activities within the Department of Laboratory Medicine of the “San Paolo” Hospital in Naples (Italy). After a first “As-Is” analysis to identify the current workflows of the system and to gather information regarding its behaviour, a following DES-based “What-If” analysis is implemented to figure out alternative work hypotheses in order to highlight possible modifications to the system’s response under varying operating conditions and improve its overall performances. The structure of the simulation program is explained and the results of the scenario analysis are discussed. The paper starts with a brief exploration of the use of DES in healthcare and ends with general observations on the subject.

Soil conditioning of clay based on interface adhesion mechanism:Microscopic simulation and laboratory experiment

Clogging frequently occurs in the cutter head,excavation chamber or screw conveyor when an earth pressure balance(EPB)shield machine is tunneling in soft or silty clay ground with high clay mineral content.In this paper,montmorillonite,kaolinite,and illite were selected as research objects,and molecular dynamics simulation and laboratory experiment were adopted.At the microscopic scale,dynamic contact behavior and interfacial mechanical behavior of the interface between clay minerals and water/surfactant solution was simulated and the interfacial adhesion and conditioning mechanism between clay minerals and water/surfactant solution was revealed.Thus,sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant was selected as the main composition of the soil conditioner.Then,the adhesion stress before and after soil conditioning and the contact angles between clay minerals and water/surfactant solution were tested and analyzed at the macroscopic scale.The result shows that the contact angle between droplet and clay mineral surface is an important parameter to characterize soil adhesion.The simulation rules of the microscopic contact angle are consistent with the experiment results.Furthermore,the adsorption energy between microscopic substances is dominated by electrostatic force,which can reflect the adhesion stress between macroscopic substances.Soil adhesion stress can be effectively decreased by adding the surfactant to the soil conditioner.

翻转课堂和情景模拟教学法在实验室安全培训中的应用

目的 探讨翻转课堂和情景模拟教学法在实验室安全培训中的应用效果。方法 选取兰州大学第一医院医学检验中心2021年6月—2022年6月在岗人员共91名作为培训人员,包括科室人员60名,实习生31名,分为试验组(46名)与对照组(45名)。应用翻转课堂联合情景模拟教学法对试验组培训人员进行实验室安全培训。其中,主要运用翻转课堂模式进行安全理论培训,应用情景模拟教学法进行安全实践操作培训。对照组培训人员用教师讲授法进行理论和操作的培训。培训后进行理论和操作考核。并对所有培训人员进行满意度调查。比较2组理论、实践操作成绩和满意度评分。结果试验组理论成绩为(95.26±3.14)分、实践操作成绩为(89.89±6.06)分及满意度评分为(46.43±3.32)分,均高于对照组的(82.33±5.11)分、(80.56±7.89)分、(38.71±5.53)分,差异有统计学意义(P <0.001)。结论翻转课堂及情景模拟教学法适用于实验室安全培训,并取得了较好的培训效果。

浅谈医学检验虚拟仿真实践教学平台模块的构建

通过对当前医学检验虚拟仿真实践教学平台建设及应用情况调研,找出存在的问题,从医学检验虚拟仿真实践教学平台的建设原则及思路、平台系统设计和运行方式、实训项目的内容设计、平台模块设计等方面,阐述如何构建符合专业教学和行业需求的综合性实践项目平台构架模块,解决目前存在的问题,促进医学检验虚拟仿真实践教学平台建设的发展。

非常规储层压裂支撑剂多级裂缝运移和沉降规律

水力压裂过程中支撑剂在裂缝中有效填充是形成高导流裂缝通道的关键。目前,关于支撑剂在裂缝中运移与沉降规律的研究方法多为物理实验或数值模拟,且主要聚焦支撑剂沉降结果,对支撑运移和沉降机理的研究较少。为进一步揭示支撑剂在裂缝中的运移和沉降规律,采用实验与数值模拟结合的方法探究了支撑剂尺寸、注入速度以及压裂液黏度对支撑剂在单一与交叉裂缝中的运移沉降行为的影响。研究结果表明:①支撑剂尺寸主要通过对沉降角的影响决定颗粒运移的分布,支撑剂尺寸越大,颗粒沉降角越大,运移距离越短;②注入速度对砂丘形态影响较大,当注入速度从0.2m/s增加至1.0m/s时,单一裂缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比和最大高度都明显降低,而分支缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比增加34.3%,表现出与单一裂缝中相反的变化趋势;③压裂液黏度主要影响流体携砂能力,随着压裂液黏度增加,主裂缝内砂丘有效支撑面积比降低8.4%,砂丘最大高度下降6.1cm,而在分支裂缝内表现为先增加后降低。结论认为,分支裂缝与主裂缝内支撑剂运移受施工因素影响往往表现出不同变化规律,该研究成果将进一步完善了水力压裂相关理论认识,同时为压裂现场施工设计优化提供了理论支撑。

口腔医学仿真头模实验室的科学化管理

口腔仿真头模实验训练系统是面向21世纪最符合口腔颌面部解剖、生理特点的口腔临床实验教学设备,是集口腔临床模拟训练、临床基本技能实践操作与实验信息化教学为一体的,是目前国内外较先进的口腔医学实验教学平台。从先期使用培训、基础条件的维护与更新、使用过程的跟踪管理等三个方面阐述了该实验室的系统化管理方案,科学化、精细化和规范化管理好仿真头模实验室,保证好教学质量。本着配合好理论授课的教学内容与目标、服务好每名口腔医学生的理念,总结了一套科学有效的系统化管理方法,建立了科学系统的管理制度,体现了口腔实验教学中心的管理水平,是推动口腔医学实验教学不断进步,培养业务能力强、素质高的现代化口腔医学临床创新人才的基础。

高校中小型高性能集群系统的建设及管理实践

理论模拟实验室是高校各级科研单位开展教学和科研工作的重要支撑平台。如何建设可持续发展且具有高性价比的高性能计算集群系统,并实现集群系统的高可用性和安全使用是各级科研单位集群系统建设和管理的重要问题,也是理论模拟实验室在“双一流”建设中所要面对的重要任务之一。基于吉林大学原子与分子物理研究所共享集群系统的建设、管理和维护实践,提出集群软件等公用资源共享使用、计算资源统一规划、分级管理,并结合自行开发的集群监控管理系统,利用手机端进行集群状态监控,发现异常即时处理,从而提高集群系统管理效率和确保集群系统稳定运行,为学科发展提供重要支撑。

互联网+时代新医科临床血液学检验技术虚拟仿真案例式实验教学案例库的构建与实践研究

案例教学法是高校教学改革的重要手段,互联网+时代新医科临床血液学检验技术虚拟仿真案例式实验教学案例库资源匮乏,因此构建案例库迫在眉睫。案例库建设能满足多元化教学及教学改革的需求,对优化课程体系、改革教学模式、创建一流本科课程及培养能适应现代医学发展的复合型、创新型、应用型医学检验技术专业人才具有重要意义。

数字孪生技术在高校实验室安全管理中的实践

该文介绍了基于数字孪生技术的实验室安全管理智慧平台。平台基础框架包括物理层、技术层、数据层、应用层和交互层,实现实验室安全相关物理实体和硬件系统的虚拟孪生,并以实验室安全大数据为基础开展虚拟仿真安全管理,有效解决危化品全生命周期管理、用电回路与大功率电器预警、气体钢瓶监测、安全数字资产、安全数字统计等问题。数字孪生技术将推动高校实验室管理的数字化转型,探索可复制、可推广和可规模化的发展模式,开启高校实验室安全管理的新生态。

动物生物安全三级模拟实验室的建设与实践探讨

动物生物安全三级实验室(ABSL-3实验室)是可以开展高致病性病原微生物感染实验动物的生物安全防护水平为三级的高级别生物安全实验室。近年来随着新发、再发传染病的不断出现,高级别生物安全实验室在病原致病机理、药物和疫苗研发等方面发挥了越来越重要的硬件支撑作用,ABSL-3实验室的需求与日俱增。与此同时,对于能够胜任ABSL-3实验室工作的人员需求也越来越多,岗前培训的系统化、规范化、标准化成为进入ABSL-3实验室开展工作的人员生物安全的重要保证。ABSL-3实验室的岗前培训工作需要在特定的场所——模拟实验室内开展,因此有必要建立ABSL-3模拟实验室,并建立科学有效的运行标准和机制。本文全面介绍了ABSL-3模拟实验室的设计、建设、运行及作用。

青海油田弱胶结生物泥岩气压裂裂缝起裂

涩北气田第四系泥岩生物成因气区块储层改造过程中压裂工艺参数优化缺乏理论基础和指导原则的问题日益突出。为探究第四系弱胶结生物泥岩裂缝起裂机理及影响规律,首先通过岩石基础实验,明确了弱胶结生物泥岩的矿物组成与力学特性,开展了弱胶结生物泥岩裂缝起裂实验研究,并通过数值模拟方法详细探究了固井质量和射孔深度对裂缝起裂的影响规律。研究结果表明,固井质量和射孔深度都是影响裂缝起裂的重要影响因素;在固井质量较差的情况下,压裂液进入第二界面堆积延伸,导致井眼发生严重扩径,无法达到裂缝起裂条件;深穿透射孔可以减小裂缝起裂尖端的塑性形变,降低裂缝的起裂压力。研究结果对弱胶结生物泥岩压裂工艺参数优化有一定的指导意义。

炮弹引信外弹道角运动环境模拟装置综述

为了给炮弹引信外弹道角运动模拟装置的设计与应用提供参考,通过查阅相关文献,综述了炮弹引信外弹道角运动环境实验室模拟技术的研究现状,并对三种国内炮弹引信外弹道角运动模拟装置进行了详细的对比分析。发展炮弹引信外弹道角运动环境实验室模拟技术应从稳定性、负载安装方式、驱动单元以及测试技术等方面研究引信等弹载机构在外弹道环境下的动态特性。炮弹引信外弹道角运动模拟装置可通过对弹丸外弹道角运动进行动态模拟,为研究引信机构在外弹道环境下的受力和运动规律提供便捷的手段。

实验室安全教育全程育人教学方式研究与实践

贵州医科大学结合地方医学院校特点,进行实验室安全教育虚拟仿真实验教学资源的自主研发。坚持安全教育、思政育人、实验教学融为一体的安全教育理念,围绕医学生培养目标及实验学科特点,从实验室安全准入教育、学科实验室安全教育、风险管控能力培养、第二课堂“四层次”多措并举开展安全教育活动。通过课前、课中、课后、课外的反复训练,将安全教育理念贯穿、渗透于实验学习活动全过程,建立合理有效的实验室安全教育全程育人方式,真正将“安全第一,预防为主”落实到位,促进实验室安全文化建设,为教学和科研工作的正常运转提供坚实保障。

基于Ecotect的科研实验室采光模拟与优化研究——以合肥工业大学数字人居环境研究实验室为例

实验室的采光条件直接影响实验的顺利进行以及实验结果的准确性。该文从采光的形式出发,整理了窗户尺寸、窗地比、玻璃透光率以及遮阳形式等4个室内光环境影响因素,基于Ecotect软件对不同影响因素进行室内光环境模拟分析,通过计算采光系数和采光均匀度定量分析各因素对室内光环境的影响程度,为实验室类建筑改造提供科学依据。