Effects of Alcohol and Liquid Paraffin on Development of Early Mouse Embryos in vitro

In culturing early mouse embryos in vitro,liquid paraffin and alcohol exert deleterious influence on the development of embryos. Some of light liquid paraffin produced by Chinese factories have proved harmful for early mouse embryos. As shown by our experiments, the nitronaphthalene contained and the specific gravity of liquid paraffin were not involved in the injurious effects.However,alcohol mingled in medium had harmful effects on the development of embryos. At the 0.1% concentration of alcohol in medium the proportion of embryos developing to blastocysts decreased to 73.9%. When the concentration of alcohol was increased to 0.8%, all embryos ceased developing. In our experiments, CO_2 which contained 0.13% alcohol had no visible effects on the development of embrvos in vitro.

PREPARATION OF MICROPOROUS ULTRA HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYETHYLENE (UHMWPE) BY THERMALLY INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION OF A UHMWPE/LIQUID PARAFFIN MIXTURE

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a microporous structure was prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS).Liquid paraffin (LP) was used as a diluent in the preparation of microporous UHMWPE. Small angle laser light scattering (SALLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to determine the phase separation temperatures,i.e.the cloud points and the dynamic crystallization temperatures,respectively.It was found that the cloudI points were coincident with the cryst...

Novel Approach for Improved Tribological Behavior of Biodiesel Soot in Liquid Paraffin

To improve the tribological behavior of biodiesel soot(BDS) in liquid paraffin(LP), the order of biodiesel soot was increased through thermally oxidized treatment at 500 ℃, and the oil solubility was then improved through a modification using oleylamine(OLA). The BDS and thermally oxidized oleylamine-modified BDS(T-BDS-OLA)were characterized through various methods including the use of TG, FETEM, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and a zeta potentiometer. The tribological properties and mechanisms of the BDS before and after the thermally oxidized treatment modification were investigated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, FESEM, 3 D laser-scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that T-BDS-OLA has a higher degree of order than the BDS, with an onion-like microstructure. BDS and T-BDS-OLA can both improve the antifriction and antiwear properties of LP at a soot content of 0.1%-0.4%, while T-BDS-OLA in LP shows better antifriction and antiwear properties than BDS. The tribological mechanisms can be attributed to both types of soot acting as spacing and roll bearing between the friction surfaces. In addition, the exfoliated graphitic sheets from T-BDS-OLA can form a carbon lubrication layer providing easy sliding.

Effect of ECAP process on liquid distribution of AZ80M alloy during semi-solid isothermal heat treatment

Two kinds of semi-solid samples of AZ80−0.2Y−0.15Ca(wt.%)(AZ80M)magnesium alloy were prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat treatment of materials with and without equal channel angular pressing(ECAP)process.The microstructures of initial and semi-solid treated samples were compared and analyzed.The results showed a significant difference in the liquid phase distribution between three-pass ECAP processed(3P)and as-received samples during the isothermal heating process.The semi-solid 3P sample showed a more uniform liquid distribution due to its smaller dihedral angle.Besides,the coarsening processes of solid grains of as-received and 3P samples were dominated by the coalescence and Ostwald ripening mechanism,respectively.The difference of coarsening processes was mainly related to the proportion of the high-angle grain boundaries in materials,which further affected the evolution behavior of the liquid pools.

A Comparative Trial: The Safety and Clinical Efficacy of PEG 3350 and Liquid Paraffin in Management of Chronic Functional Constipation in Children

Background: Constipation is one of the most common problems in the pediatric age group. In the vast majority, chronic constipation is idiopathic or functional. In addition to education and behavioral changes, disimpaction and maintenance treatment with medications are the main pillars of successful outcome. The medications are variably effective and have potential side effects. Objectives: The current clinical trial was designed to evaluate clinical efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation. Besides, subjects were followed carefully for the side effects. Material and Methods: This study was involved 110 children suffering from chronic functional constipation. They were placed into two different groups, randomly. Each group was treated with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin. The clinical efficacy and side effects were monitored. Results: After disimpaction with bisacodyl suppositories or combined with Mineral oil enemas in hard fecal impaction, maintenance therapy with PEG 3350 or liquid paraffin was started. The treatment duration and efficacies were not different between the two groups. Furthermore, serious adverse drug reaction was not observed. The family history of constipation and presence of incontinence were two worse prognostic factors. Conclusion: No difference was observed between PEG 3350 and liquid paraffin in chronic functional constipation in children in terms of their efficacies. They are safe and effective medications in this age group.

Effect of Biodiesel Soot on Tribological Behavior of Liquid Paraffin

Biodiesel soot （BDS） was collected from the combustion of biodiesel using a self-made soot trap. The effect of BDS on the txibological behavior of liquid paraffin （LP） was investigated using a four-ball txibometer. A rotating viscometer was used to investigate the effect of BDS on the viscosity of LE The morphology, composition, and tribological mechanism of BDS were studied by means of FETEM, XRD, XPS, SEM/EDS, and the 3D laser scanning microscopy. Test results showed that the BDS aggregates were chain-like, and the average diameter of BDS was 35 nm. The BDS existed in the form of graphitic layers and amorphous carbon. The oxygen-containing functional groups in BDS consisted of the （C-O-C） and （C-O-H）. With an increasing BDS content, the dynamic viscosity of LP increased and the maximum non-seizure load increased initially and became stable later. In addition, the average wear scar diameter （AWSD） of LP increased and the average friction coefficient of LP decreased at first and then increased later. The tribological mechanisms could be ascribed to the variation in content of BDS： BDS could act as a friction modifier for a lower friction coefficient in case of low BDS content. However, the BDS aggregates could lead to increase of abrasive wear to influence the lubricating oil film at higher content of BDS, which would reduce the friction reduction ability and wear resistance of LP.

Influence of surface liquid segregation on corrosion behavior of semi-solid metal high pressure die cast aluminium alloys

The corrosion behavior(in chloride medium) of the surface layer of SSM-HPDC plates of alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T6 was compared with that of the wrought alloys 7075-T6 and 2024-T6.Potentiodynamic testing was performed in deaerated 3.5%NaCl solution.In separate tests,the open-circuit potential was monitored in aerated 3.5% NaCl for 30 min after immersion.The electrochemical tests show that there is no significant difference in the pitting potential of the wrought alloys and that of the Cu-enriched surfaces of the SSM-HPDC alloys.

Emulsifying Properties of Raffia hookeri Gum and Its Blends with Tween 80 in Pharmaceutical Liquid Paraffin Emulsion

Researches have shown that Raphia hookeri gum could be used as a binder in pharmaceutical formulations and gums in general have been used as emulsifiers in liquid paraffin emulsion but nothing has been heard of Raphia hookeri in liquid paraffin emulsion as an emulsifier.This work was aimed at evaluating the emulsifying properties of Raphia gum in liquid paraffin emulsion.Two separate preparations containing different concentrations(1,2,3,5 and 10%w/v)of Raphia gum and acacia gum respectively were prepared.Five liquid paraffin emulsions(200 mL each)were also prepared using 60 mL liquid paraffin as the oil phase and 6 g of the various combinations of Raphia gum and Tween 80 as emulsifier blend at ratio 1:5,1:2,1:1,2:1 and 5:1.The preparations were assessed using density,viscosity and stability after 5 days of storage as evaluation parameters.By increasing the concentration of Raphia and Acacia gum,the density of emulsion formed increased.The ranking of the density was 10%>5%>3%>2%>1%.The viscosity of emulsion increased as the concentration of the gum increased.The viscosity which plays a role in the stability of emulsion increased as the concentration of gum increased.The ranking of viscosity was 10%>5%>3%>2%>1%.The stability of the emulsion was measured by the level of creaming and cracking.Emulsion containing 2%w/v of Raphia gum with a creaming index of 23%was more stable compared to the emulsion containing 3%w/v acacia gum with creaming index of 29.9%.The viscosity and stability of emulsion containing emulsifier blends of Raphia and Tween 80 increased with increase in the concentration of Raphia gum.Emulsion containing 3%w/v Raphia gum with no creaming was more stable than emulsion containing 1%w/v emulsifier blend.Raphia gum is suitable for use at a concentration of 2%w/v as an emulsifier in 50 mL of liquid paraffin emulsion competing alternatively to standard acacia gum for emulsification as against Afzelia africana in our previous research which was suitable for use at a concentration of 3%w/v as an emulsifier in 30%v/v liquid paraffin emulsion.

短链氯化石蜡对人体正常肝细胞的代谢干扰

短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类新兴的持久性有机污染物,广泛存在于环境基质和人体样本中。SCCPs具有环境持久性以及远距离迁移能力,能够在生物体内积累并具有广泛的生物毒性效应,威胁着人类健康。本研究采用代谢组学方法评估了低剂量组(1μg/L)、中剂量组(10μg/L)以及高剂量组(100μg/L)的SCCPs暴露对人体正常肝细胞L02的代谢干扰。主成分分析(PCA)与代谢扰乱水平指数(MELI)计算结果表明3个剂量组的SCCPs均能够引起L02细胞代谢活动的紊乱。在3个暴露组中,72个差异代谢物经二级质谱图信息定性或标准品验证。其中,1μg/L SCCPs暴露组与10μg/L SCCPs暴露组、100μg/L SCCPs暴露组分别有33个、36个相同的差异代谢物。10μg/L SCCPs暴露组与100μg/L SCCPs暴露组有46个相同的差异代谢物。3个暴露组有33个相同的差异代谢物。在72个经二级质谱图信息定性或标准品验证的差异代谢物中,参与氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢和脂质代谢通路的差异代谢物分别有9、9以及45个。富集通路分析结果表明:SCCPs对L02细胞的代谢干扰主要表现在脂质代谢、脂肪酸β氧化以及核苷酸代谢通路上,且中、高剂量的SCCPs暴露引起更广泛的代谢通路的紊乱。SCCPs暴露干扰了甘油磷脂以及鞘脂类的代谢通路,其中,磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺以及鞘磷脂丰度的显著变化表明SCCPs暴露对细胞的生物膜有一定的损伤。同时,SCCPs暴露通过降低短链和中链酰基肉碱的含量抑制L02细胞中脂肪酸β氧化,提示细胞通过氧化脂肪酸供能减少。值得注意的是,与中剂量和低剂量SCCPs相比,高剂量的SCCPs暴露对脂肪酸β氧化的抑制作用更强。此外,SCCPs暴露诱导了核苷酸代谢通路的紊乱。次黄嘌呤水平显著升高提示SCCPs暴露可能诱导了L02细胞的缺氧、活性氧增多或者致癌等相关不良效应。

涂布液体石蜡对植物纤维基地膜纸的影响

以漂白针叶木浆为纤维原料,在打浆度为89°SR,助剂聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)、烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)、阳离子淀粉添加量分别为2.0%、0.4%、1.0%(相对绝干浆质量)的条件下,制备定量为(40±2)g/m^(2)的涂布原纸,然后通过表面涂布液体石蜡制备植物纤维基地膜纸,提高地膜纸的透光率、抗水性,降低透气度。结果表明:液体石蜡的最佳涂布量为7 g/m^(2),涂布后样品的定量为48.16 g/m^(2),干抗张指数为70.91 N·m/g,撕裂指数为5.99 mN·m^(2)/g,耐破指数为5.12 kPa·m^(2)/g,透光率为82.82%,透气度为0.0030μm/Pa·s,300 s之后的可勃值为15.8 g/m^(2);在水中浸泡12 h后,涂布后样品的湿强度比未涂布样品提高14.34%。

Microstructure evolution of hot pressed AZ91D alloy chips reheated to semi-solid state

AZ91D magnesium alloy chips, which were directly collected on the spot of machining process, were recycled to prepare billet via hot pressing for semi-solid processing. The semi-solid microstructure evolution of the billet during reheating was investigated. The results indicate that there are three stages during reheating to semi-solid state: the dissolution of Mg17Al12 and diffusion of Al into α-Mg matrix, the melting of the region with high content of solute and formation of isolated solid particles, and spheroidization and growth of solid particles. Meanwhile, a number of entrapped liquid droplets form within solid particles. In addition, the number and size of entrapped liquid droplets rely on the holding time in the semi-solid temperature range. With increasing isothermal holding time, the solid fraction remains unchanged when the solid-liquid system reaches the dynamic equilibrium at last, while the solid particles become more globular and the average size of solid particles increases owing to the decreasing of interfacial energy and the effect of interfacial tension.

层状润滑涂层的制备及防冰性能

[目的]防结冰是目前风力发电机设备领域亟待解决的问题。[方法]以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、液体石蜡和Fe3O4为主要原料,采用旋涂法在普通玻璃表面制备了层状润滑涂层,研究了它的表面稳定性和防冰性能。[结果]这种层状润滑涂层在70℃高温蒸发或水流冲击7 d后,润滑液的质量损失仅为3%左右。在15次重复结冰实验中,旋涂10层所得涂层表面的冰附着强度只从2.41 kPa增大到3.55 kPa。水滴在该涂层表面凝结的时间为363 s,比普通玻璃表面的结冰时间(40 s)长得多。[结论]该层状润滑涂层具有优良的表面稳定性及抗冰耐久性。

高效液相色谱-气相色谱法测定涂渍大米中石蜡含量

基于高效液相色谱-气相色谱法(HPLC-GC)建立一种涂渍大米中石蜡的定量测定方法。涂渍在大米上的石蜡经正己烷提取、氮吹浓缩,HPLC-GC测定,内标法定量。结果表明:涂渍在大米上的石蜡含量在0.5~5.0 mg/kg范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.05 mg/kg;不同添加水平下,涂渍大米中石蜡的平均回收率为89.79%~108.80%,日内相对标准偏差为0.34%~7.86%,日间相对标准偏差为1.60%~8.90%,表现出简单、快速,灵敏度高、重现性好的特性。

胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法在病理检测的价值

目的探讨与分析胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法在病理检测的价值。方法选取2019年3月—2022年9月在乌鲁木齐市中医医院诊治的92例胸腹水患者作为研究对象,所有患者都给予胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法,都给予病理活检,判断诊断的价值。结果在92例患者中,胸腹水液基细胞学检测判断为恶性肿瘤54例,良性肿瘤38例,胸腹水液基细胞学检测诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度与特异度分别为85.48%、96.67%。胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片检测判断为恶性肿瘤55例,良性肿瘤37例,胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片检测诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感性与特异性分别为88.71%、100.00%。胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片检测判断为恶性肿瘤61例,良性肿瘤31例,胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片检测诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感度与特异度分别为98.39%、100.00%。恶性肿瘤患者的人表皮生长因子受体2、突触素、嗜铬素A表达阳性率分别为40.32%、41.94%、43.55%,与良性肿瘤患者的10.00%、13.33%、10.00%相比有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法对肿瘤良恶性的诊断敏感性高于单项检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同检测方法的诊断特异性比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法对肿瘤良恶性的诊断曲线下面积为0.883。结论胸腹水液基细胞学检测联合胸腹水沉淀物琼脂石蜡双包埋切片法在病理检测中的应用能提高诊断敏感度,还可保持非常高的诊断特异度,对患者的原发肿瘤良恶性判定具有很好的价值。

Characterization of surface liquid segregation in SSM-HPDC aluminium alloys 7075,2024,6082 and A201

The surface liquid segregation(SLS) phenomenon in semi-solid metal-high pressure die casting(SSM-HPDC) plates of 7075,2024,6082 and A201 was investigated by different techniques.Depth profiles were determined by firstly measuring the chemical composition of the surface of the plates using a Thermo Quantris optical emission spectrometer(OES).Material was then removed by a grinding process followed by measurement of the amount of material removed and chemical analysis.Chemical profiles of the main alloying elements were plotted for the cross-section of the plates in the as-cast and T6(after solution treatment) temper conditions.Vickers hardness profiles from the surface to the centre of the plates were determined.Metallographic samples of cross-sections of the castings were prepared and evaluated using a scanning electron microscope.The results show that surface liquid segregation in SSM-HPDC alloys causes significant differences in properties between the surface and the bulk of these castings in both the F and T6 temper conditions.

Effects of Semi-Solid Enteral Formula on Aspiration Pneumonia and Diarrhea

Objective: The effects of semi-solid enteral formula were investigated in tube feeding patients with aspiration pneumonia and/or diarrhea caused by liquid enteral formula. Methods: In 25 cases of aspiration pneumonia and 10 cases of diarrhea (5 cases had both aspiration pneumonia and diarrhea) caused by liquid enteral formula, the rate of improvement by changing the liquid enteral formula to semi-solid enteral formula was studied. The semi-solid enteral formula (PG Soft&reg;EJ) was infused via the nasogastric tube (16Fr) or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube (20Fr). Results: The semi-solid enteral formula was effective in 72% of aspiration pneumonia cases and in 80% of diarrhea cases. Constipation was observed in one case but was controlled with magnesium oxide. Conclusion: In cases of aspiration pneumonia and/or diarrhea, changing liquid enteral formula to semi-solid enteral formula frequently shows improvement.

烧伤再生医疗技术治愈大面积沥青烧伤1例报告

给予2020年6月25日成都大学附属医院收治的1例大面积沥青烧伤患者在营养支持、调控血糖、纠正水电解质紊乱等对症支持治疗的基础上,局部创面采用液体石蜡油清除附着沥青后应用烧伤再生医疗技术治疗。治疗31 d后,创面基本愈合,患者出院。出院后2周随访,愈后皮肤外观及功能恢复良好。

壳管式相变蓄热换热器换热特性的模拟研究

设计了一种以石蜡为相变材料的圆柱型壳管式相变蓄热换热器,以三维单元相变储热模型为研究对象进行了换热数值模拟。分析了相变材料的液相比、温度场、平均温度及换热介质出口温度的变化规律,研究了该壳管式相变蓄热换热器在蓄、放热阶段的换热特性。结果表明:液相石蜡的自然对流会增强相变材料与换热介质之间的换热,并加快石蜡的熔化和凝固速率;蓄热阶段液相比达到18.6%后,自然对流换热的影响逐渐明显;放热阶段初期,液相比在80 s内下降了63%,固态石蜡层完全包裹传热管束前的自然对流换热最强,之后逐渐减弱。

FH-40C催化剂用于液体石蜡加氢反应性能研究

考察了FH-40C催化剂加氢处理液体石蜡的反应性能,试验结果表明FH-40C催化剂具有较高的活性、选择性和稳定性,可以更好地满足液体石蜡加氢装置生产的需要。在达到相同质量要求的情况下,FH-40C催化剂比原使用的催化剂A平均反应温度低10℃。

大蒜素和液体石蜡油对藏鸡蛋涂膜保鲜的效果研究

本文是在西藏拉萨地区,利用大蒜素和液体石蜡油对藏鸡蛋进行的涂膜保鲜效果研究。在室温21~25℃,空气相对湿度为30%~50%保藏30 d的条件下,测试了保鲜效果,发现含2‰大蒜素(二烯丙基二硫醚)的液体石蜡油具有保鲜作用。经涂膜保鲜在30 d内,藏鸡蛋外观品质间于A级与AA级;主要指标失重比、蛋黄指数和哈夫单位显著优于对照组(p<0.000 1,p<0.000 1,p=0.002 6)和仅清洗未保鲜组(p<0.000 1,p<0.000 1,p=0.008)。