Effect of Top Slag Basicity on Quality of Steel Treated by Exothermic Agent SiFe and SiCaBa during Chemical Heating

The effect of top slag basicity on quality of steel treated with SiFe and SiCaBa alloy as exothermic agent in chemical heating was studied.These experiments were carried out in MoSi_2 laboratory furnace with 0.2 kg molten steel for equilibrium test and 2 kg molten steel for simulation test respectively.These results showed that the adjusting basicity of top slag with CaO is effective to prevent rephosphorization and resulphurization,and it is possible to dephosphorize and desulphurize and remove the inclusions from molten steel when basicity R of the top slag is adjusted to 2.0 — 3.10,and SiCaBa alloy is better than SiFe alloy in this relation.

Study of steam heat transfer enhanced by CO_(2) and chemical agents: In heavy oil production

Steam flooding with the assistance of carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) and chemicals is an effective approach for enhancing super heavy oil recovery. However, the promotion and application of CO_(2) and chemical agent-assisted steam flooding technology have been restricted by the current lack of research on the synergistic effect of CO_(2) and chemical agents on enhanced steam flooding heat transfer. The novel experiments on CO_(2)–chemicals cooperate affected steam condensation and seepage were conducted by adding CO_(2) and two chemicals (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the betaine temperature-salt resistant foaming agent ZK-05200).According to the experimental findings, a “film” formed on the heat-transfer medium surface following the co-injection of CO_(2) and the chemical to impede the steam heat transfer, reducing the heat transfer efficiency of steam, heat flux and condensation heat transfer coefficient. The steam seepage experiment revealed that the temperature at the back end of the sandpack model was dramatically raised by 3.5–12.8 °C by adding CO_(2) and chemical agents, achieving the goal of driving deep-formation heavy oil. The combined effect of CO_(2) and SDS was the most effective for improving steam heat transfer, the steam heat loss was reduced by 6.2%, the steam condensation cycle was prolonged by 1.3 times, the condensation heat transfer coefficient was decreased by 15.5%, and the heavy oil recovery was enhanced by 9.82%. Theoretical recommendations are offered in this study for improving the CO_(2)–chemical-assisted steam flooding technique.

THE STUDY AND EXPERIMENT ON THE HEAT MOXIBUSTION AGENT

As one of the traditional curations of traditional chinese medicine,heat moxi-bustion is that to conduct the heat on the points,free and warm the channels and in-vigorate the circulation of blood.A variety of heat moxibustion have been used formedical and health care,for example,burning mugwort,electric heating and in-farred ray heating.Some inconveniences such as safety and energy limit appear

分解协调的多Agent约束优化算法及应用

针对约束优化系统易陷局部优化的问题,提出了基于分解协调的多Agent约束优化算法(DCMACOA)。对可分系统,不同于传统的分解协调算法,DCMACOA选用各子系统间的关联变量为协调变量,借助于多Agent及生物免疫的进化思想,对各子系统优化及系统协调采用了多Agent免疫优化方法,优化搜索算子主要包括:邻域克隆选择、邻域竞争及邻域协作。工业流程和换热器面积优化仿真实例表明,相比传统的分解协调算法,DCMACOA能改善整体与局部的搜索性能,提高对可分系统的约束优化求解能力,具有较好的全局搜索性能。

Synthesis and Curing Properties of a Novel Novolac Curing Agent Containing Naphthyl and Dicyclopentadiene Moieties

A novel novolac curing agent containing both naphthalene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) moieties was prepared to produce a highly heat-resistant cured polymer network. The chemical structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chro-matography analyses. The thermal properties of the resulting polymer from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin cured with the novel curing agent were evaluated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and thermogra-vimetric analysis. Compared with the conventional curing agent, the resulting polymer cured with naphtha-lene/DCPD navolac shows considerable improvement in heat resistant properties such as higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability. The result also shows better moisture resistance because of the hydrophobic nature of naphthalene/DCPD structure.

Experiment Study on Self-stress of High-strength, Low-heat and Micro-expansion Concrete-filled Steel Tube

The self-stress trial of the fifteen high-strength, low-heat andmicro-expansion concrete-filled steel tube(CFST)is introduced, andthe generating and distributing features of pre-stress and itsrelation to add- ing quantity of expansive agent, which providespersuasive dependences for optimal design of high-strength, low- heatand micro-expansion CFST were investigated, especially for the designof added quantity of expansive agent.

Experimental research on a new encapsulated heat-generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system

During fracturing treatment for low-temperature, shallow and high freezing point oil reservoirs, the first-line problems are to overcome uncompleted breakdown, uncompleted cleanup of fracturing fluids and cold damages to the formations by injecting cold fluid. To avoid those problems, it is suggested to adopt a new encapsulated heat-generating hydraulic fracturing fluid system as described in this paper.; Firstly, two kinds of chemical heat-generating systems were studied and the NH-4Cl-NaNO-2 system was selected. According to the reaction characteristics of the system, oxalic acid was chosen as a catalyst of reaction and encapsulated using ethyl cellulose and paraffin as coating materials by the phase separation method. Compatibility of NH-4Cl-NaNO-2-encapsulated oxalic acid with hydroxypropyl-guar fracturing fluid was also discussed in the paper. The results showed that the hydraulic fracturing fluid containing encapsulated heat-generating agents hare a good stability and compatibility. When the fracturing fluid contains {2.0} mol·L+{-1} NH-4Cl-NaNO-2, {0.93%} encapsulated oxalic acid and {0.08%} ammonium persulfate, the peak temperature can reach {78.0℃} and the viscosity of residual liquid is {3.12} mPa·s after 4 hours.

Heat Stability of HA Antigen in Influenza Virus Rapid Diagnosis Kit

[ Objective] The aim was to select protective agent of HA antigen of influenza virus. [ Method] H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype influenza virus were added into A - F groups to conduct accelerated test at 37 ℃and measure HA titer through hemagglutination test. t Result] Hemagglutination titers of H3 N2 and H, N1 subtype influenza virus were 20 and 32 in group A （ with PBS buffer solution） for 28 d; heat stability of HA antigen proved the best in group F （with BSA, fucose, proclin 300, triton 100） ; hemagglutination titers of HA antigen of H3N2 and H1 N1 subtype virus were 48 and 96 for 28 d. [ Conclusion] Components in group F were best in protection on HA antigen, which can be a candidate of protective agent.

Sr含量对Al-Si合金显微组织和热导率的影响

以纯铝、Al-20Si和Al-10Sr中间合金为原料,Sr为变质剂(含量为0.01%、0.02%、0.04%和0.06%,质量分数),制备了Al-7Si-xSr、Al-12Si-xSr和Al-20Si-xSr合金,研究了Sr含量对Al-Si合金相变储热材料显微组织及热导率的影响。利用Hot Disk热常数分析仪测量合金的热导率,通过扫描电镜观察及分析合金的显微组织。结果表明:在Al-Si合金中添加变质元素Sr会影响合金的热导率,Al-7Si-0.04Sr合金热导率较Al-7Si合金增加了73.47 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-20Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-20Si合金增加了24.09 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-12Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-12Si合金增加了17.79 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。铝硅合金热导率的增长主要与α(Al)、共晶硅和初晶硅的形貌有关。经过Sr变质之后,Al-7Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌均由片层状转变为珊瑚状,Al-12Si和Al-20Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌由片层状转变为枝条状;其中,Al-7Si合金中α(Al)尺寸明显减少、排列紧密,二次枝晶臂间距逐渐减小;Al-20Si合金中的初晶Si尺寸明显减小,其形貌由多角的大块状变为小块状;α(Al)形态的转变不仅能够为自由电子的传输提供快速通道,而且还会使得共晶Si的排列更加规则,减少自由电子发生散射的几率,对合金的热导率影响较大。共晶Si由片层状转变为珊瑚状或枝条状,增加电子的平均自由程,有利于电子的传输。Al-20Si合金的热导率与初晶Si的形态有着重要联系,大尺寸且形状完整的初晶Si会发生晶格振动,会提高合金的热导率。

复方红藤糖浆联合抗菌药物治疗盆腔炎性疾病的效果

目的探讨复方红藤糖浆联合抗菌药物治疗盆腔炎性疾病(PID)患者的效果及安全性。方法选取2018年1月至2021年12月安徽中医药大学第一附属医院妇科收治入院的60例PID患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各30例。2组采用盐酸头孢替安联合奥硝唑氯化钠注射液静脉输注治疗,研究组同时予复方红藤糖浆口服,2组均治疗1周。比较2组患者临床疗效、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、盆腔痛客观体征(McCormack)评分、下腹疼痛、腰骶疼痛、带下异常、乏力中医症候积分、白细胞计数(WBC)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素(IL)-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α。结果治疗后,研究组及对照组的总有效率分别为93.33%及73.33%;研究组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与治疗前相比较,2组治疗后VAS评分、McCormack评分、下腹疼痛积分、腰骶疼痛积分、带下异常积分、乏力积分、WBC、hs-CRP、TNF-α降低,IL-10升高(P均<0.01)。与对照组治疗后相比较,研究组治疗后VAS评分、McCormack评分、下腹疼痛积分、腰骶疼痛积分、带下异常积分、乏力积分、WBC、hs-CRP、TNF-α降低,IL-10升高(P均<0.05)。结论复方红藤糖浆联合抗菌药物可改善湿热蕴结证盆腔炎患者临床症状,疗效明显。

热硫化硅橡胶耐高温性能的影响因素探讨

以甲基乙烯基硅橡胶生胶为主要原料,添加白炭黑、结构化控制剂、脱模剂及耐热助剂等制备了耐高温硅橡胶,并研究了生胶种类、白炭黑种类及用量、结构化控制剂种类、脱模剂及耐热剂种类等对硅橡胶耐高温性能的影响。结果表明,对白炭黑进行疏水处理及耐热剂复配有利于抑制硅橡胶老化。以乙烯基封端的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶为生胶、添加51份比表面积为200 m^(2)/g的气相白炭黑为补强填料、甲基苯基二甲氧基硅烷为结构化控制剂、氧化铈/二氧化钛为复配耐热剂,并加入苯基乙烯基硅树脂,对硅橡胶进行二次硫化后,硅橡胶性能最佳。此时其邵氏A硬度为65、拉伸强度9.6 MPa、断裂伸长率640%,经280℃×72 h老化后邵氏A硬度为68、拉伸强度4.9 MPa、断裂伸长率280%。

新型分散型抗垢剂在S Zorb装置的工业应用

中国石化广州分公司S Zorb装置为有效抑制原料侧换热器E-7101A-G因高温结垢而导致的换热器传热效率下降、换热器总压差上涨过快等影响装置长周期运行问题,决定使用浙江杭化科技股份有限公司生产的新型分散型抗垢剂HK-17DC。工业应用结果表明,HK-17DC在线除垢及阻垢作用良好,且使用HK-17DC对装置运行和产品质量无不良影响。

热历史对二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并恶嗪热性能的影响

苯并恶嗪树脂是具有独特化学结构和优异性能的类酚醛热固性材料,在不同特殊场景具有很大发展和应用潜力。设定3种不同温度和时间模式的热处理工艺参数以获得不同热历史,用高温烘箱对含质量分数1%固化剂的4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并恶嗪(MDA-BZ)和无固化剂MDA-BZ对比物进行同批次处理,分别比较同类型不同热历史和相同热历史不同类型固化物试样的热性能,达成方案以优化复合材料基体用MDA-BZ的固化工艺参数。用综合热分析仪在相同测试条件下测试不同试样的热性能。结果表明,热历史中温度增加和时间延长使无固化剂MDA-BZ的固化反应峰温升高,聚苯并恶嗪在600℃质量损失率增加,热稳定性降低。温度增加和时间延长对含质量分数1%固化剂MDA-BZ产生不同影响,发现质量分数1%固化剂在185℃(1 h)+205℃(1 h)处理条件下可促进MDA-BZ的开环固化反应,使失重起始温度提高,600℃质量损失率降低,热稳定性提高。加入质量分数1%固化剂与未加入固化剂的MDA-BZ具有不同降解机制。优选出MDA-BZ用于复合材料基体的固化工艺方案,即加入质量分数1%固化剂和185℃(1 h)+205℃(1 h)两段处理的组合工艺。

On the Preparation of Low-Temperature-Rise and Low-Shrinkage Concrete Based on Phosphorus Slag

The effects of different contents of a MgO expansive agent and phosphorus slag on the mechanical properties,shrinkage behavior,and the heat of hydration of concrete were studied.The slump flow,setting time,dry shrinkage,and hydration heat were used as sensitive parameters to assess the response of the considered specimens.As shown by the results,in general,with an increase in the phosphorus slag content,the hydration heat of concrete decreases for all ages,but the early strength displays a downward trend and the dry shrinkage rate increases.The 90-d strength and dry shrinkage of concrete could be improved with a phosphorus residue content between 0%-20%,with the best performances in terms of mechanical properties and shrinkage characteristics being achieved for a content of 20 kg/m^(3).On the basis of these results,it can be concluded that appropriate amounts of phosphorus slag and MgO expansive agent can be used to improve the compressive strength of concrete in the later stage by reducing the hydration heat and dry shrinkage rate,respectively.

含亚乙烯基氢氟烯烃的研究进展

对含亚乙烯基的氢氟烯烃(v-HFOs)的合成路线和应用进行了综述。目前,在氟-氯交换、异构化、脱卤化氢、选择性加氢、加氢脱氯、调聚等合成v-HFOs的主要路线中,氟-氯交换的路线具有起始原料易得、容易实现大规模生产的特点,是合成v-HFOs的最佳路线。v-HFOs特殊的分子结构使其具有优异的传热性能、清洁性能、发泡性能和刻蚀性能,主要用作制冷剂、热泵工质、清洗剂、发泡剂和刻蚀剂,特别是E型v-HFOs[(E)-v-HFOs]具有优异的电绝缘性能,分别与其优良的传热性能和清洗性能进行多领域交叉,实现了(E)-v-HFOs应用于浸没式液冷和带电清洗的新场景。展望了v-HFOs的未来发展趋势,提出了今后的研究重点,应开发高活性的氟化催化剂,环保绿色的新型合成路线以及v-HFOs的新型应用。

茶菊茎尖分生组织高效脱毒再生体系优化

【目的】筛选适宜热处理时间和脱毒剂,优化茶菊茎尖分生组织高效脱毒再生体系,解决脱毒苗获得率低的问题。【方法】以6个茶菊品种无菌苗为材料,采用昼/夜40℃/32℃变温、化学脱毒剂及其组合预处理无菌苗,比较茎尖分生组织的出愈率、再生频率和平均再生芽数及不同方法脱毒效果。【结果】茎尖分生组织再生频率在不同品种茶菊间差异显著,并以‘婺源皇菊’最高(54.77%);茎尖分生组织再生在不同昼夜变温热处理时长间差异显著,以‘杭白菊’、‘七月雪’再生效果最好。‘婺源皇菊’茎尖分生组织再生在脱毒剂水杨酸、利巴韦林、脱落酸处理下均受到抑制,在水杨酸、利巴韦林结合变温热处理下得到促进,在高浓度脱落酸结合热处理下受到严重抑制,且10μmol/L水杨酸结合热处理的促进效果最好。在适宜热处理、化学脱毒剂结合热处理可获得茶菊完全脱毒苗。【结论】10μmol/L水杨酸浓度结合40℃/32℃昼/夜变温预处理40d能显著提高茎尖分生组织再生频率,获得脱毒苗。

计及动态能源价格和共享储能电站的多主体综合能源系统双层优化调度策略

可再生能源不确定性背景下,为协调综合能源运营商、电热负荷聚集商及共享储能电站之间的利益关系,提出一种电热综合动态定价机制,基于综合需求响应特性,引导电热负荷聚集商参与综合能源系统运营商优化,促进储能高效应用和新能源就地消纳,实现多利益主体互利共赢。以综合能源系统运营商为主体,以电热负荷聚集商和共享储能运营商为从体,构建一主多从的综合能源多运营主体系统优化模型。充分挖掘共享储能运营商的运行模式,包括充电、放电和提供备用等模式。采用CPLEX对主从博弈模型迭代求解,算例结果验证了模型及方法的有效性。

产品包装用的新型环保胶粘剂制备及特性研究

针对产品包装中胶粘剂材料在高温、高湿等环境中剥离强度低、耐热性差等问题,试验制备了一种适用于产品包装用的环保型聚氨酯胶粘剂,并采用KH-570型硅烷偶联剂以及E-51型环氧树脂进行改性,然后研究其性能。试验结果表明,在胶粘剂中添加KH-570型硅烷偶联剂,可以增强其复合效果,材料的剥离强度、耐热性良好;在高温蒸煮前,添加1%KH-570的剥离强度最高,为27.65 N/(25 mm),增幅为51.7%,而在高温蒸煮后,添加1%KH-570的剥离强度最高,为16.24 N/(25 mm),增幅为64.4%;在高温蒸煮前后,最佳E-51型环氧树脂添加量均为10%,剥离强度分别为27.55 N/(25 mm)、18.24 N/(25 mm),增幅分别为59.7%、90.6%;试验确定E-51型环氧树脂对胶粘剂的改性效果最佳。

锦纶的快速染色工艺

锦纶快速匀染剂Deglel(得格乐)■PAX具有卓越的缓染性及平缓的上染速率,较强的移染性,对色光影响小,将其用在锦纶染色中,可以缩短染色时间,提高匀染性,达到锦纶快速染色的目的。经大生产实践,该染色工艺时间减少50~60 min,且可有效防止锦纶染色易产生布面色花、阴阳面、段差等问题。

基于MADDPG算法协同预测的多智能体节能制热饮水机的能效提升

为提升公共场所制热饮水机的群体性能,降低整体能耗,设计了多智能体协同预测的节能制热饮水机。利用季节性ARIMA模型预测饮水机使用人数,结合决策树及遗传算法设定单台饮水机的临界阈值,应用多智能体协同MADDPG算法建立多台饮水机协同控制。通过构建用电成本回归模型测试样机性能,实验结论表明,与市面的商用饮水机相比,新设计的饮水机可节约55%的电费,在提高饮水机能源利用效率方面具有潜在应用价值。