Study on the general layout of semi-submersible offshore drilling platforms based on process flow

The general layout of 6th generation semi-submersible drilling platforms is the main factor impacting the efficiency of their drilling operations. This paper provides a compound/integrated algorithm based on process flow that is aimed at improving efficiency, while giving attention to stability and safety at the same time. The paper describes the process flow of dual drilling centers and a hierarchical division of rigs based on the different modes of transportation of various drilling support systems. The general layout-centripetal overall arrangement spatially was determined based on drilling efficiency. We derived our modules according to drilling functionality; the modules became our basic layout units. We applied different layout algorithm to mark out the upper and lower decks. That is, the upper deck was designed based on the lowest transportation cost while the lower deck＇s calculations were based on the best-fit scope. Storage configurations in columns and pontoons were also considered for the layout design. Finally the center of gravity was taken into consideration and the general layout was adjusted accordingly, to result in an optimal center of gravity. The methodology of the general layout can provide a reference for implementation of domestic designs of semi-submersible rigs.

Numerical Study on the Probability of Fatigue Failure of a Semi-Submerged Platform Structure

On the basis of Miner's linear cumulative damage theorem, random variables are introduced to evaluate objectively the fatigue damage of a semi-submerged platform structure and a method is presented to analyze the fatigue reliability of the structure in its design life. The reliability of the method is verified through numerical examples and some conclusions are drawn, which have certain guiding and reference value for design and inspection.

Compulsory Liability Insurance for Marine Drilling Platforms Pollution under Chinese Law

Compulsory liability insurance has widely existed in the field of marine insurance. However, marine drilling platforms have always been excluded from this system in China. In view of the special legal nature of oil pollution compulsory liability insurance for marine drilling platforms, this paper analyzes a number of issues related to oil pollution compulsory liability insurance, elaborates on the necessity for China to implement the system and makes some suggestions about the implementation of that.

Mechanical analysis of deepwater drilling riser system based on multibody system dynamics

A multibody system including a drilling riser system,tensioners and a floating platform is key equipment for offshore oil and gas drilling.Most of the previous studies only focus on the drilling riser system rather than the multibody system.Mechanical characteristics of the deepwater drilling riser system cannot be analyzed accurately in a simplified model.Therefore,a three-dimensional multibody analysis program is developed.The static and dynamic characteristics of the deepwater drilling riser system under different platform motions are analyzed based on the developed program.The results show that the static displacement of the riser system with tensioners is smaller than that without tensioners,which means the tensioners can suppress the deformation of the riser system.Under surge and sway motions of the platform,the dynamic displacement of the riser system with tensioners is also smaller than that without tensioners due to the tensioner suppression effect.Besides,the heave motion induces a uniform axial vibration of the riser system,while roll and pitch motions excite the riser system to vibrate laterally.Compared with the stress amplitude due to surge and sway motions,the stress amplitude of the riser system due to heave,roll and pitch motions is relatively small but cannot be neglected.

A Horizontality Adjusting Study of the Earth Drill′s Platform

A horizontality adjusting system of the earth drill's platform is designed todeal with the operation difficulty of the platform which appeared while the earth drill is used.The proportional-impulse control to eliminate the over-adjustment andelectricity-hydraulic-proportional control to drive the adjusting mechanism are adopted in thesystem. The control scheme and control algorithm are introduced in detail. The software flow chartis given.

Application of Tension Leg Platform Combined with Other Systemsin the Development of China Deepwater Oil Fields

The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform （TIP） combined with other systems, such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） system, Floating Production Unit （FPU） system, Tender Assisted Drilling （TAD） system, etc., has drawn the industry attention and increased significantly in the past few years. For the areas lacking of pipeline system, the use of TIP（s） combined with FPSO has been chosen to efficiently develop the deepwater fields. The TIP with a Tender Assisted Drilling system significantly reduces the payload of the platform and reduces the investment in the TIP system substantially. This opens the door for many new deepwater field developments to use the tension leg platform. The advantage of the TIP combined with a TAD system is more significant when several TIPs are used for the continuous development of the field. One of the applications for the TIP with a tender assisted drilling system can be in the development of an offshore marginal field. Owing to the increase of water depth, the conventional fixed platform model for the exploration of those fields becomes uneconomical. It also would be too expensive to use a large TIP structure for those marginal fields due to the large amount of initial investment. The TIP system with tender assisted drilling can be used to develop those fields economically. There are many marginal fields in China offshore, especially in shelf areas. The application of this field developing model, combined with the existing field developing experience in China, will open the door for many marginal field developments. This paper will review the application of the combined TIP system through some examples of completed/ongoing projects, and major technical issues encountered in those practices. The potential application of this technology in China deepwater development will be discussed in the end.

Reliability Research on Fatigue Life of Spots of Semi-submerged Drilling Unit

Based on the calculated results of the simplified model of deep-water semi-submerged drilling unit,the model of deep-water semi-submerged drilling unit is built by reasonably simplifying.The large vertical cylinder(MacCamy-Fuchs)formula is modified according to this model,then the modified formula is utilized to obtain the wave load spectrum which acts on the columns of the semi-submerged drilling unit.By using ANSYS software,a spectrum analysis process is established to calculate the stochastic response spectrum of the model that is subjected to the wave load spectrum which has been calculated.Then the power spectral density of stochastic response of the key nodes can be obtained.Based on the Miner model and the first excursion failure criterion,the fatigue life reliability of the key nodes is calculated.

海洋自升式钻井平台加装推进系统适用性计算分析

分析对比适用于自升式平台推进系统的优缺点,并对3种不同船型的自升式平台进行水动力计算,设计推进系统布置方案。推进系统校核结果表明,各平台推进器布置方案均能满足给定海况条件下DP 1级动力定位要求,平台可实现短距离助航和辅助就位。结合平台实际使用情况,设计推进器共享方案,以提高平台加装推进器的经济性。

深水半潜式钻井平台水下设备作业虚拟仿真教学平台构建

深水油气钻井与陆地及浅水的同类作业存在显著差异,给海洋油气工程专业学生的现场实习、实践带来了诸多困难。为加深学生对深水油气钻井工程装备的认知,采用虚拟仿真技术,构建还原度高、实战性强的深水半潜式钻井平台水下设备作业虚拟仿真教学平台,实现隔水管运移存储及下放、隔水管与上部升沉补偿装置及底部立管总成的连接、水下防喷器结构及安装等功能,帮助学生在无需前往深水平台的前提下、在虚拟环境中系统掌握水下设备的操控方法及作业程序,提升学生的深水钻井作业的工程实践能力。

旋转导向系统稳定平台自适应动态面控制

井下的多种干扰因素为旋转导向系统稳定平台的控制器设计增加了复杂性。为了应对未知摩擦力矩和建模误差对稳定平台的不良影响,提出一种自适应神经网络动态面控制方法,该方法使用RBF神经网络逼近摩擦及干扰力矩,设置状态观测器获取由于相关参数不确定导致的建模误差,并引入动态面方法避免传统反步控制带来的“微分爆炸”,最后使用李雅普诺夫法证明系统的稳定性。结果表明,该控制方法在稳定平台模型存在摩擦力矩、未知干扰和建模误差的情况下,仍能使工具面角准确、快速地跟踪输入指令信号,具有较好的自适应性和鲁棒性。

煤矿井下钻探远程支持技术及其应用前瞻

为提升钻探工艺技术信息化程度,进一步提高业务水平、服务效率和企业管理水平,提出以煤矿井下钻探技术为理论支撑,基于网络有线、无线传输等建构煤矿井下钻探技术远程支持服务体系,开发出基于该远程支持服务体系的煤矿井下钻探技术远程服务平台系统。平台的功能实现由5个模块组成,包括慕课视频点播模块、远程故障维修模块、远程技术支持模块、消息推送模块、信息安全模块。通过基于“端对端”的钻探技术标准化培训平台和基于浏览器/B/S架构的钻探技术装备远程指导系统,为施工现场提供了故障诊断、技术查询、可视化维修等技术支持,使煤矿井下钻探技术服务更高效、更及时,有力提高了服务效率,降低了人工成本,更有效地提升了钻探工艺服务信息化程度,为钻探设备的智能化发展赋能。

一种虚实结合的工控安全实训靶场平台设计

针对目前实体工控安全实训靶场不能开展多人同时在线操作的实验教学、攻防比赛、红蓝对抗,以及虚拟工控安全实训靶场不能基于应用层和实体设备开展攻击演示、漏洞扫描与挖掘、安全研究等问题.设计了一种虚实结合的工控安全实训靶场平台,通过融合实体设备仿真和虚拟化应用层仿真的能力,满足用户开展实验教学、攻防演练、红蓝对抗、漏洞扫描与挖掘、攻击效果演示以及安全研究等工作,为今后我国工控安全实训靶场建设提供参考依据.

钻井平台地面管道内钻井液传热特性研究

明确地面钻井管道内钻井液的传热特性对钻井平台冬防保温具有现实意义。然而现有研究中大多数集中于传统管道如供热管道保温结构的研究,无法有效指导钻井管道的保温设计。利用C++编写地面管道内钻井液传热特性计算程序,研究了无保温管道、保温管道和电伴热管道内钻井液的温度分布规律。结果表明:停机时间小于2.2 h时,地面管道不需铺设保温材料;停机时间小于11.23 h时,地面管道铺设0.01 m的玻璃棉即可满足实际要求;随着停机时间的持续增加,地面管道需铺设电伴热以维持管内钻井液温度,对于单侧铺设电伴热带,加热时间60 min时出口截面钻井液的平均温度可到22.50℃。研究结果对钻井现场地面管道的保温结构设计具有重要参考价值。

黏土中大直径钢圆筒在桩靴贯入时的稳定性研究

某在建水下生产系统附近有自升式平台的频繁桩靴插拔作业,采用了大直径薄壁钢圆筒作为水下生产系统的保护结构,因此钢圆筒在自升式平台桩靴插拔过程中的受力与变形备受关注。开展了离心模型试验,揭示了桩靴贯入过程导致的钢圆筒受力与变形规律;进而应用经离心试验验证的耦合欧拉与拉格朗日数值模拟方法,开展了筒-靴不同相对位置工况下,桩靴贯入对钢圆筒稳定性的影响分析。结果表明:桩靴贯入导致的筒壁附加应力及位移随筒-靴间距的增加而衰减,其衰减程度随筒靴间距的增加而减小,且由于筒靴间距的不同,钢圆筒对应存在两种受力模式。筒靴间距为2倍桩靴直径时,筒身附加应力可达110 MPa,表明桩靴对钢圆筒的影响距离可达2倍桩靴直径以上。

基于Django框架的半潜式钻井平台设备快速检索程序设计

随着深水勘探开发技术在海洋油气开采领域的不断发展,全球海上钻采作业需求逐渐增加,设备选型、检索等工作成为海洋生产企业不可或缺的关键任务和竞争策略。然而,传统的人工检索过程存在着设备需求繁多、设备清单复杂等问题,导致了大量人力成本的投入和潜在的人为操作错误风险。本文采用Python Django框架成功开发了半潜式钻井平台设备快速检索程序。该程序通过深入分析设备检索人员的需求,结合Python编程、超文本标记语言(HyperText Markup Language,HTML)工具和轻量级结构化查询语言(Structured Query Language Lite,SQLite)数据库,基于Python Django框架实现了前端界面生成、数据处理、检索重置等核心功能。用户可根据需求文件要求生成前端页面,并进行设备检索和筛选。这一工具的出现简化了设备检索工作,提高了信息化效率,为提升设备需求匹配工作的效益提供了有力支持。

深部地质钻进过程地层特征参数建模与安全预警研究进展

【意义】新一轮找矿突破战略行动持续开展,资源勘探向地球深部进军。深部地层的岩石种类多样,岩石力学参数复杂难测,存在高温、高压、高地应力的复杂环境,易发生钻具失效、井壁坍塌、井漏、井涌等井下事故,给地质钻探带来了挑战。【进展】针对复杂地质环境的感知与建模问题,从地层可钻性、地层压力建模两方面梳理地层特征参数建模的研究现状,依据可钻性和压力两个关键地层特征参数,为地质钻进过程的工艺调整和效率优化提供指导;围绕地质钻进过程安全、高效的需求,从井壁稳定评估、井下故障监测两方面讨论地质钻进过程安全预警的研究进展,通过钻进过程的安全预警技术,帮助司钻人员及时发现并辨别已发生的井下事故,提前辨别并消除潜在的安全隐患。【展望】面对深部地层更加复杂、严苛的地质条件,地层特征参数模型将在地质钻探各个环节发挥更加重要的作用,钻进过程安全预警将成为新一代智能化地质钻进装备的核心技术。在未来,需要构建以地质勘探数据中台为核心的智能地质勘探系统,发挥数据在地质勘探和矿产开发全流程中的关键作用,推动人工智能技术在地质钻进过程优化、地层环境感知与找矿预测领域的落地应用,为地质钻探的安全和高效开展提供保障。

极地系泊钻井平台动力响应分析及优化设计

极地油气资源钻探要求系泊钻井平台具有较好的定位性能,目前许多极地作业的钻井平台是敞水平台经抗冰改造而来的.为了研究极地有冰和无冰两种环境下不同海况对系泊钻井平台动力响应的影响,基于环向裂纹法对海冰与系泊平台的相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,结合系泊分析软件ANSYS AQWA进行二次开发,对不同环境载荷下钻井平台和系泊系统进行时域分析,分别得到极地有冰和无冰环境下系泊钻井平台的动力响应,并对两种环境下的响应进行了对比研究.为保障经抗冰改造后的钻井平台在极地环境下的系泊安全性,以极地极端海况为场景设计正交试验,得到系泊参数对平台响应的影响规律,研究结果表明:合理选择系泊缆数量、锚链夹角和预张力可减小平台漂移量、增大安全系数;提出了满足规范要求的极地有冰环境下系泊系统设计方案,可为实际工程提供参考.

导向钻井稳定平台精确线性化控制

针对导向钻井稳定平台的强非线性、强扰动,致使传统控制算法难以实现高稳定性的角度输出问题,提出了一种基于反馈线性化的极点配置控制策略。首先,根据已知的平台非线性动力学方程,采用反馈线性化理论对该系统中的非线性因素进行精确线性化。其次,通过极点配置法设计期望极点,使系统动态性能达到期望效果。最后,在Matlab/Simulink环境中,搭建平台角度控制系统模型,对提出的控制算法进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,上述控制算法相对传统PID算法有效的改善了系统角度稳定控制问题,并且在强扰动的作用下具有较强的鲁棒性,提高了系统的控制精度。

石油钻井平台装备电动化进程及趋势

针对国内外电驱动管柱自动化作业装备开展技术研究,分析了美国Canrig公司钻台机器人、排管机器人、电动铁钻工、输管机器人,美国NOV公司钻台机器人及其相关自动化作业系统,法国道达尔公司巡检机器人7类产品的功能、特性等;论述了国内电动扶管手、二层台机械手、指梁、巡检机器人等技术和应用现状。通过技术对标分析得出:国内外石油钻机装备均向智能、高效、绿色化发展,钻井作业由传统人力操作逐步向自动化、智能化转变;国外装备在小体积大功率驱动、防尘防水、防爆防盐雾、多轴协同等关键技术突破方面优于国内,而其在产品多样性以及应用推广方面与国内差距明显。建议国内基于电传动系统的特点,突破传统理念,研发新型高效装备;以及在装备自主决策、故障诊断等方面加大技术攻关力度。研究结果可为我国石油钻井装备技术发展提供参考。

油基钻井液在龙凤山区块的应用

与水基钻井液相比,油基钻井液不仅具有更优良的井壁稳定性、抑制性、润滑性、抗温性与抗污染性,且能起到更好的储层保护性能,并且在滑动钻进期间,很大程度上解决了钻进托压、黏卡的问题,已然成为一些深井、高温井、定向水平井和复杂井不可缺少的重要手段。北201平台井是东北油气分公司首口平台井,也是龙凤山区块首次采用油基钻井液体系,克服了多项施工难点,创造了13项区块纪录,在此基础上,结合平台井的施工情况讲述了钻井施工过程中油基井液在配置、性能维护等方面的技术措施,以供参考。