Spring oat (Avena sativa) is produced for grain, hay, and green manure and can be integrated into a cropping system as a cover crop. Twenty-eight oat genotypes (G1, G2, G3, …., G28), selected for their adaptability t...Spring oat (Avena sativa) is produced for grain, hay, and green manure and can be integrated into a cropping system as a cover crop. Twenty-eight oat genotypes (G1, G2, G3, …., G28), selected for their adaptability to the Southwestern United States, were evaluated for their yield performance under sprinkler irrigation during four growing seasons (2005-2008) at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, New Mexico State University. The genotypes were arranged in randomized complete blocs design with four replications. Irrigation scheduling was based on evapotranspiration and the depletion criterion of 40% to 45% total available water (TAW) was practiced to prevent the plants from experiencing any water stress. Crop evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration approach was low about 2 mm/day during crop initial stage and increased with plant growth and reached the maximum during crop mid-season or reproductive stage. It decreased during crop late season. Daily crop evapotranspiration varied from 0.5 to 12.6 mm in 2008 and the seasonal Spring oat evapotranspiration varied from 535.8 to 591 mm. Averaged across the four growing seasons, oat evapotranspiration was 570.4 mm. The results showed that Spring oat plant height varied significantly with genotypes and ranged from 59.1 to 100.8 cm. Oat grain yield significantly varied with years and genotypes. Grain yield varied from 3386 to 6498 kg/ha and average yield was 4245, 4265, 5477, and 4025 kg/ha during the 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The best performing genotypes were G1, G2, G7, G19, G20, G21 and G23 with average yield greater than 4800 kg/ha while G3, G13, G17 and G27 showed the lowest yield among the genotypes. Oat crop water use efficiency (CWUE) varied with genotype and years and ranged from 0.53 to 1.07 kg/m3 and averaged 0.65, 0.78, 0.91 and 0.70 kg/m3 in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest CWUE was achieved by G19 and the lowest CWUE was obtained by G13. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) which represents the quantity of yield produced per cubic meter of water, varied from 0.57 to 1.20 kg/m3 while evapotranspiration water use efficiency (ETWUE) varied with genotype and year and ranged from 0.57 to 1.21 kg/m3 with the overall IWUE mean of 0.83 kg/m3 and ETWUE mean of 0.81 kg/m3.展开更多
从土壤物理、化学、生物等方面系统地研究了油菜、豆科禾本科牧草混播人工草地土壤环境效应。干旱年型(生长季降水167.5 m m )混播草地至开花盛期土壤贮水量高于天然草地,之后呈降低趋势;丰水年型(生长季降水355.9 m m )土壤贮水量均高...从土壤物理、化学、生物等方面系统地研究了油菜、豆科禾本科牧草混播人工草地土壤环境效应。干旱年型(生长季降水167.5 m m )混播草地至开花盛期土壤贮水量高于天然草地,之后呈降低趋势;丰水年型(生长季降水355.9 m m )土壤贮水量均高于天然草地,1 m 土体贮水量增加5.7～67.6 m m 。土壤盐分表聚性特征明显,混播草地改善土壤盐分状况显著,耕层和1 m 土体含盐量分别较天然草地降低0.31～6.00g/kg和0.12～1.21 g/kg。混播草地肥力状况改善,速磷和有机质含量增加,而速氮、全氮、全磷含量则呈降低趋势,磷酸酶和H2O2 酶活性增强,脲酶活性下降;> 0.25m m 水稳性团聚体含量提高6.03% 。,结构系数、团聚度提高,改善了土壤结构状况,增大了土壤持水能力。混播草地地上部干物质和粗蛋白产量明显增大,较天然草地分别提高17.8% ～319.1% 和27.9% ～316.1% ,其生物产量和水分利用效率分别较天然草地提高477.1% 和15.2 kg/(m m ·hm 2),建植混播人工草地,显著提高生物产量和水分利用效率。展开更多
文摘Spring oat (Avena sativa) is produced for grain, hay, and green manure and can be integrated into a cropping system as a cover crop. Twenty-eight oat genotypes (G1, G2, G3, …., G28), selected for their adaptability to the Southwestern United States, were evaluated for their yield performance under sprinkler irrigation during four growing seasons (2005-2008) at the Agricultural Science Center at Farmington, New Mexico State University. The genotypes were arranged in randomized complete blocs design with four replications. Irrigation scheduling was based on evapotranspiration and the depletion criterion of 40% to 45% total available water (TAW) was practiced to prevent the plants from experiencing any water stress. Crop evapotranspiration estimated by the FAO crop coefficient and reference evapotranspiration approach was low about 2 mm/day during crop initial stage and increased with plant growth and reached the maximum during crop mid-season or reproductive stage. It decreased during crop late season. Daily crop evapotranspiration varied from 0.5 to 12.6 mm in 2008 and the seasonal Spring oat evapotranspiration varied from 535.8 to 591 mm. Averaged across the four growing seasons, oat evapotranspiration was 570.4 mm. The results showed that Spring oat plant height varied significantly with genotypes and ranged from 59.1 to 100.8 cm. Oat grain yield significantly varied with years and genotypes. Grain yield varied from 3386 to 6498 kg/ha and average yield was 4245, 4265, 5477, and 4025 kg/ha during the 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The best performing genotypes were G1, G2, G7, G19, G20, G21 and G23 with average yield greater than 4800 kg/ha while G3, G13, G17 and G27 showed the lowest yield among the genotypes. Oat crop water use efficiency (CWUE) varied with genotype and years and ranged from 0.53 to 1.07 kg/m3 and averaged 0.65, 0.78, 0.91 and 0.70 kg/m3 in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest CWUE was achieved by G19 and the lowest CWUE was obtained by G13. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) which represents the quantity of yield produced per cubic meter of water, varied from 0.57 to 1.20 kg/m3 while evapotranspiration water use efficiency (ETWUE) varied with genotype and year and ranged from 0.57 to 1.21 kg/m3 with the overall IWUE mean of 0.83 kg/m3 and ETWUE mean of 0.81 kg/m3.
文摘从土壤物理、化学、生物等方面系统地研究了油菜、豆科禾本科牧草混播人工草地土壤环境效应。干旱年型(生长季降水167.5 m m )混播草地至开花盛期土壤贮水量高于天然草地,之后呈降低趋势;丰水年型(生长季降水355.9 m m )土壤贮水量均高于天然草地,1 m 土体贮水量增加5.7～67.6 m m 。土壤盐分表聚性特征明显,混播草地改善土壤盐分状况显著,耕层和1 m 土体含盐量分别较天然草地降低0.31～6.00g/kg和0.12～1.21 g/kg。混播草地肥力状况改善,速磷和有机质含量增加,而速氮、全氮、全磷含量则呈降低趋势,磷酸酶和H2O2 酶活性增强,脲酶活性下降;> 0.25m m 水稳性团聚体含量提高6.03% 。,结构系数、团聚度提高,改善了土壤结构状况,增大了土壤持水能力。混播草地地上部干物质和粗蛋白产量明显增大,较天然草地分别提高17.8% ～319.1% 和27.9% ～316.1% ,其生物产量和水分利用效率分别较天然草地提高477.1% 和15.2 kg/(m m ·hm 2),建植混播人工草地,显著提高生物产量和水分利用效率。
