Long Term Application of a Vehicle-Based Health Monitoring System to Short and Medium Span Bridges and Damage Detection Sensitivity

Largest portion of the bridge stock in almost any country and bridge owning organisation consists on ordinary bridges that has short or medium spans and are now deteriorating due to aging, etc. Therefore, it is becoming an important social concern to develop and put to practical use simple and efficient health monitoring systems for existing short and medium span (10 - 30 m) bridges. In this paper, one practical solution to the problem for condition assessment of short and medium span bridges was discussed. A vehicle-based measurement with a public bus as part of a public transit system (called “Bus monitoring system”) has been developed to be capable of detecting damage that may affect the structural safety of a bridge from long term vibration measurement data collected while the vehicle (bus) crossed the target bridges. This paper systematically describes how the system has been developed. The bus monitoring system aims to detect the transition from the damage acceleration period, in which the structural safety of an aged bridge declines sharply, to the deterioration period by continually monitoring the bridge of interest. To evaluate the practicality of the newly developed bus monitoring system, it has been field-tested over a period of about four years by using an in-service fixed-route bus operating on a bus route in the city of Ube, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. The verification results thus obtained are also described in this paper. This study also evaluates the sensitivity of “characteristic deflection”, which is a bridge (health) condition indicator used by the bus monitoring system, in damage detection. Sensitivity of “characteristic deflection” is verified by introducing artificial damage into a bridge that has ended its service life and is awaiting removal. As the results, it will be able to make a rational long-term health monitoring system for existing short and mediumspan bridges, and then the system helps bridge administrators to establish the rational maintenance strategies.

不同几何结构电光偏转器比较研究

为了发展性能优良的电光偏转器,采用傍轴近似分析了级联棱镜电光偏转器的折射率梯度等效表达式,总结出了不同几何结构电光偏转器的偏转角和偏转轨迹公式,在此基础上比较研究了4种不同几何结构电光偏转器的偏转特性和偏转轨迹,比较分析了梯形、喇叭形和抛物线形几何结构电光偏转器的偏转灵敏度,为较大角度电光偏转系统的设计提供了有意义的参考。

压电层合圆板传感器的非线性静力耦合分析

本文基于von Karman薄板非线性理论、压电基本方程和经典层合板理论,对上、下表面粘有压电传感膜层的圆薄板压力传感器的力-电耦合特性进行了定理分析。首先,针对压电层合圆板传感器件建立了考虑几何非线性变形的力-电耦合模型,给出了压电薄膜层感应电量的计算公式;然后,采用级数解法进行了求解,得到了非线性静力耦合问题的幂级数精确解,给出了传感器静态测量过程中所关心的压力-电量特征曲线和中心挠度-电量特征曲线;同时,定量讨论了压电二次效应对感应电量和层合结构中心挠度的影响。通过所得结果,在压电式压力传感器设计中,为采用电信号直接输出有关结构的变形和外界载荷等待测参量提供了依据。

架空线路绝缘子串动态风偏响应的敏感度特性

绝缘子串动态风偏响应敏感度可以展现风偏摆动幅值随设计参数的变化规律,有利于设计人员的理解和使用。为探究绝缘子串动态风偏响应敏感度特性,通过导线摆动固有频率不变原则提出能充分表征架空线路风偏运动的导线等效模型,建立了绝缘子串和架空导线耦合风偏运动的两自由度动力学模型;以幅频特性曲线与脉动风速谱各自峰值为切入点,运用风偏响应均方值分析了绝缘子串风偏幅值对线路结构和风速的敏感度,提出了动态风偏响应敏感风速的表达式。研究发现:绝缘子串风偏响应均方值与线路垂平比呈正比例关系,平均风速为敏感风速时绝缘子串风偏摆动最为剧烈,架空线路设计时应合理地选择线路结构使绝缘子串风偏敏感风速避开当地的卓越风速,从而降低线路发生风偏闪络的可能性。

双翼末敏弹尾翼弹性对气动特性影响分析

受安装条件限制,无伞末敏弹尾翼通常很薄,在末敏弹下落过程中,厚度不超过1mm的末敏弹尾翼将在气动力作用下发生一定程度的变形,变形后的尾翼又将对末敏弹气动特性产生影响。文章采用双向流固耦合方法对S-S型双翼末敏弹弹性尾翼进行研究,分析末敏弹气动参数随攻角和速度的变化趋势;采用计算流体力学方法对末敏弹刚性尾翼进行研究。将弹性尾翼与刚性尾翼的末敏弹气动参数进行对比。结果显示,刚性翼、弹性翼末敏弹的阻力系数均随攻角的增大呈准线性递减趋势;刚性翼、弹性翼末敏弹的升力系数均随攻角的增大呈递增趋势。自由飞行试验结果显示,末敏弹的气动参数与弹性翼末敏弹的仿真结果更为贴切。