Effect of desensitization treatment for highly sensitized uremic patients before kidney transplantation

Objective To explore the feasibility and efficacy of desensitization protocol for highly sensitized renal transplant patients ( HSP ) . Methods Thirty - five HSPs ( HLA class - I panel reactive antibody 2〉50 % ) , including 27 patients with a positive T and/or B cell cy-

Strategy for Detecting Systemic Treatment Sensitivity of Primary Liver Cancer Based on a Novel Infrared-emissive Organic Nanoparticle

In this study,we synthesized an organic material with near-infrared emission capabilities:4-(2-(4-(9-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazol-4-yl)phenyl)-1H-phenol-1-ylidene)malononitrile(TPA).Furthermore,TPA-PEG2000 fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared via coating the shells with PEG2000.TPA-PEG2000 exhibited strong near-infrared emission near 700 nm,with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 15.09%,indicating a high emission efficiency.Molecular biology experiments have confirmed its low toxicity and excellent biocompatibility.Increased cholesterol and phospholipid levels in liver cancer cell membranes with low sensitivity or high drug resistance lead to increased rigidity,reduced membrane fluidity,reduced endocytic efficiency,and reduced uptake.Therefore,the uptake of TPA-PEG2000 nanoparticles into cells and the near-infrared fluorescence intensity can be used to evaluate the sensitivity of systemic liver cancer treatment in a simple and efficient manner.

Epidemiological study of community- and hospital-acquired intraabdominal infections

Purpose： To investigate and analyze the clinical and etiological characteristics of community-acquired intraabdominal infections （CIAIs） and hospital-acquired or nosocomial intraabdominal infections （NIAIs） in a comprehensive hospital, to understand the characteristics, pathogen composition, and drug resistance of CIAls as well as NIAIs, and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods： We collected the clinical data of patients with intraabdominal infections admitted to our hospital from June 2013 to June 2014. In vitro drug sensitivity tests were conducted to separate pathogens, and the data were analyzed using the WHONET 5.4 software and SPSS 13.0 software. Results： A total of 221 patients were enrolled in the study, including 144 with CIAls （55 mild-moderate and 89 severe） and 77 with NIAIs. We isolated 322 pathogenic strains, including 234 strains of gramnegative bacteria, 82 strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 6 strains of fungi. Based on clinical features, NIAIs and severe ClAls presented significantly higher values in age, length of hospital stay, mortality, and the incidence of severe intra-abdominal infection than mild-moderate CIAIs （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the prognosis between NIAIs and severe CIAIs. Primary diseases leading to CIAIs and NIAIs mostly were hepatobiliary diseases and gastrointestinal diseases respectively. Bacteria isolated from various types of IAls mainly were Enterobacteriaceae; mild-moderate CIAIs mostly were mono-infection of gram-negative bacteria; NIAIs mostly were mixed infections of gram-negative and grampositive bacteria; and severe CIAls were from either type of infection. The rate of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coil and Klebsiella pneurnoniae was much higher in NIAIs than in CIAIs （p 〈 0.05）. The antimicrobial drug sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria isolated from NIAIs was significantly lower than that of CIAIs. Conclusion： CIAIs and NIAIs have their own unique clinical features and epidemiological features of pathogens which should be considered during the initial empiric therapy for the rational use of anti- microbial drugs. Regional IAls pathogenic bacteria have their own features in drug resistance, slightly different from some recommendations of 2010 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines.