The pricing of perpetual convertible bond with credit risk

Convertible bond gives holder the right to choose a conversion strategy to maximize the bond value, and issuer also has the right to minimize the bond value in order to maximize equity value. When there is default occurring, conversion and calling strategies are invalid. In the framework of reduced form model, we reduce the price of convertible bond to variational inequalities, and the coefficients of variational inequalities are unbounded at the original point. Then the existence and uniqueness of variational inequality are proven. Finally, we prove that the conversion area, the calling area and the holding area are connected subsets of the state space.

The Pricing of Convertible Bonds with a Call Provision

This paper deals with the pricing of convertible bond with call provision based on the traditional B-S formula. By applying the principle of no arbitrage, the partial differential equation for the bond is established with identified boundary conditions, which solution results in the closed form of the pricing formula.

Pricing permanent convertible bonds in EVG model

By considering the failure of normal distribution and continuous assumption in financial modeling, this paper attempts to apply the Exponential Variance Gamma （EVG） model into the pricing framework of permanent convertible bonds with call clause. Following framework of Gapeev ＆ Kiihn（2005）, we obtain an explicit solution to the bond price and optimal stopping strategies, which shows that the new pricing framework is quite different from the continuous model and even the Jump Diffusion model. Compared with the numerical calculation, the closed form results price convertible bonds quickly and accurately.

Empirical Analysis of Impact of Conversion ofConvertible Bonds on Corporate Performance of Different Industries in China

We apply the methods of principle component analysis (PCA) and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test (WSRT) to study influence of conversion of convertible bonds on corporate performance of different industries in China. In this paper, 33 convertible bonds that were issued by non-financial sectors from 2002 to 2009 in China with the convertible rate more than 50% within a year were selected as a research sample. In order to provide a reference for the parties concerned, the influence of conversion of convertible bonds on corporate performance in different industries was studied from the industrial properties point of review.

DeepPricing:pricing convertible bonds based on financial time-series generative adversarial networks

Convertible bonds are an important segment of the corporate bond market,however,as hybrid instruments,convertible bonds are difficult to value because they depend on variables related to the underlying stock,the fixed-income part,and the interaction between these components.Besides,embedded options,such as conversion,call,and put provisions are often restricted to certain periods,may vary over time,and are subject to additional path-dependent features of the state variables.Moreover,the most challenging problem in convertible bond valuation is the underlying stock return process modeling as it retains various complex statistical properties.In this paper,we propose DeepPricing,a novel data-driven convertible bonds pricing model,which is inspired by the recent success of generative adversarial networks(GAN),to address the above challenges.The method introduces a new financial time-series generative adversarial networks(FinGAN),which is able to reproduce risk-neutral stock return process that retains the unique statistical properties such as the fat-tailed distributions,the long-range dependence,and the asymmetry structure etc.,and then transit to its risk-neutral distribution.Thus it is more flexible and accurate to capture the dynamics of the underlying stock return process and keep the rich set of real-world convertible bond specifications compared with previous model-driven models.The experiments on the Chinese convertible bond market demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepPricing model.Compared with the convertible bond market prices,our model has a better convertible bonds pricing performance than both model-driven models,i.e.Black-Scholes,the constant elasticity of variance,GARCH,and the state-of-the-art GAN-based models,i.e.FinGAN-MLP,FinGAN-LSTM.Moreover,our model has a better fitting capacity for higher-volatility convertible bonds and the overall convertible bond market implied volatility smirk,especially for equity-liked convertible bonds,convertible bonds trading in the bull market,and out-of-the-money convertible bonds.Furthermore,the Long-Short and Long-Only investment strategies based on our model earn a significant annualized return with 41.16%and 31.06%,respectively,for the equally-weighted portfolio during the sample period.

Convertible Bond Pricing Based on Exponential Variance Gamma Model

Due to the‘spike and tail’ phenomenon of asset returns,the applicability of the Black-Scholes model for pricing convertible bonds has been questioned,and the variance gamma model can cope well with this phenomenon and solve the ‘volatility smile dilemma’.This paper combines the variance gamma model with the least squares Monte Carlo simulation method to empirically analyze the Everbright convertible bond based on its high activity in the Chinese market.In this paper,the predicted price and the actual price are compared,and the applicability of the variance gamma model in the Chinese convertible bond market is analyzed.Empirical results show that the fitting price predicted by the variance gamma model is consistent with the actual price trend,indicating that the method is applicable to the Chinese convertible bond market.

Research on the Pricing of Convertible bonds in China Migration risk based on credit rating

At present,further research and exploration on credit risks are being carried out in the global field,and increasingly profound modem credit risks are exposed to the bond market.This requires that we cannot ignore the impact of credit rating migration risk on bond pricing,so as to adapt to the sustainable and healthy development of the bond market under the new normal of China's economy.The innovation point of this paper is to try to analyze the pricing of Convertible bonds in China from the perspective of credit rating migration risk.Tsiveriotis and Femandes(1998)model is selected,and the credit risk in the model is assumed to be caused by the credit rating migration risk,and the credit spread is used to measure the credit rating migration risk.The research conclusion of this paper is as follows:First,it is valid to consider the risk of credit rating migration in the TF(1998)model.The market price of convertible bonds is on average 1.22% higher 1han the theoretical value of the model.In general,the theoretical value obtained from the model has little deviation from the market price,and has a good fitting degree.Second,from the Angle of credit rating,the selection of 32 samples of convertible bonds only empirical research shows that the credit rating of AA-convertible bonds average deviation rate is negative,suggest that the credit rating of AA-the phenomenon of convertible bonds value is underestimated,and AAA credit rating to AA,AA+,the average deviation rate of convertible bonds is positive,that credit rating AA(containing AA)more convertible bond value is overrated phenomenon,and the higher the credit rating of the average deviation rate of convertible bond,the greater the overvalued levels.It has certain guiding significance for participants in the convertible bond market.

Effect of Issuing Convertible Bonds from the Perspective of Ownership Structure:Evidence from Listed Companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen

Due to the rapid expansion of enterprise scale,traditional financing methods can no longer meet the needs of enterprises.As a financing method with both equity and debt,convertible bonds,with its flexibility,is favored by enterprises.Especially in 2017,China’s supervision on the financing method of private placement of shares has become stricter,and some companies have chosen convertible bonds for financing.This paper takes the ownership structure as the starting point and the listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen as the research subjects,as well as uses regression analysis to determine the relationship between convertible bonds,ownership structure,and enterprise performance.It is found that convertible bonds reduce the performance of enterprises,while ownership concentration strengthens the negative relationship.

可转换债券发行及转股对企业运营能力影响的研究——基于我国上市企业的微观数据

2017年再融资新规颁布后,发行可转换债券成为企业融资选择的主要方式之一。依据2010—2020年我国企业可转债发行并转股的相关数据,运用倾向得分匹配和双重差分法研究可转换债券发行及转股对企业运营能力的影响。主要结论为:企业发行可转换债券在短期内会有助于提高企业的偿债能力和投资者财富收入预期,而对经营绩效影响不明显;企业可转换债券成功转股提升企业的经营绩效和投资者对转股后的财富收入预期,降低了企业的杠杆率;可转债发行对国有企业与民营企业经营绩效影响不同,且国有企业在可转债转股成功后杠杆率降低的效果不如民营企业明显。

次分数随机波动率下可转换债券定价

可转换债券作为同时涉及债券、股票和期权的复合衍生证券,其定价是金融数学的热点问题.考虑实际金融资产收益率不具有独立增量和平稳增量,以及波动率具有随机性,建立标的资产价格服从次分数布朗运动驱动的随机微分方程和Hull-White随机波动率模型,采用极大似然估计方法得到模型参数,利用蒙特卡洛法模拟计算可转换债券的价格.结合东时转债实际交易数据进行实证分析,并与其他模型进行对比,结果表明次分数随机波动率下可转换债券定价模型比传统模型更符合金融市场的变化.

混合所有制改革视阈下考虑努力互补的融资机制研究

基于混合所有制改革背景下国有企业引入民营资本可能出现事前和事后道德风险的情形,考虑努力互补因素构建了股权融资和含控制权安排的可转换债券融资契约模型,论证了各契约方存在努力互补时可转换债券融资相对于普通股权融资更有利于激励各契约方的努力水平,各契约方的期望收益更高,是一个严格的帕累托改进;采用可转换债券融资时,投资者行权前后存在不同的控制权安排比始终保持由同一契约方绝对控制更有利于解决双边道德风险问题。

基于布莱克-斯科尔斯模型的可转换债券的价值估计——以某上市公司可转债为例

可转换债券作为一种融合债券和股权双重特性,具备筹资和降低风险功能的多用途金融工具,它的价格确定一直受到广泛关注。文章通过分析可转换债券理论价值的构成得出可转换债券理论价值由一般债券部分价值和期权部分价值组成,并以银行股份有限公司于2021年发行的可转换债券为例,通过布莱克—斯科尔斯模型来估算可转换债券的理论价值,并将结果与其实际市价相较,分析价格偏差产生的原因,最后总结影响可转换债券理论价值的关键要素,以期为可转换债券的定价以及投资提供一些帮助。

双分数随机波动率下可转换债券定价及实证分析

综合考虑资产价格收益率序列增量非平稳和非独立及波动率的随机性,建立双分数随机波动率下资产价格数学模型,研究可转换债券的定价。采用极大似然估计方法得到模型中参数,根据蒙特卡洛数值模拟方法,计算可转换债券价格。通过国投转债数据进行实证分析,并与其他模型对比。研究结果表明,双分数随机波动率下的可转换债券定价模型更符合实际金融市场。

旨在缓释发行银行风险激励效应的或有可转债设计与定价

为了缓释CoCos内蕴的对发行银行的风险激励效应,增强其市场吸引力,设计了一种关联发行银行财务困境成因的减记条款:对于发行银行因自身经营不善而导致的财务困境,此CoCos并不实施减记。在此基础上,运用马尔科夫状态转移方法和结构化定价方法,确定了CoCos价值、发行银行资产价值、股权价值和阈值的表达式。进一步,通过数值模拟与对比分析等发现:CoCos的适宜设计可藉其缓释发行银行的风险激励效应;所设计的减记条款具有情景依赖性:若发行银行经营能力下降,则其受经济周期所处状态的影响程度趋于增大;发行银行资产价值和CoCos价值均随风险的增大而减小,特别地,受风险偏好等因素的影响,在经济繁荣期上述相应效应呈现出非线性特征的“微笑”形态。

分数布朗运动环境下具有机制转换的可转换债券定价模型

可转换债券是一种同时涉及债券、股票和期权的复合衍生证券,其定价问题一直是金融数学的热点问题之一。以多种股票数据为样本,考虑股票价格变动具有长程相依性和波动率非常数,在分数布朗运动环境下建立具有机制转换的股票价格模型,利用保险精算方法和蒙特卡洛模拟算法对可转换债券进行定价研究,并通过上银证券和上银转债市场数据进行实证分析。结果表明,分数布朗运动环境下具有机制转换的股票价格模型更适用于实际的金融市场。

Q调味品企业可转债发行动机及公告效应探究

可转债兼具股权和债权双重属性,是各大上市公司再融资的重要手段。本文以国内某调味品企业Q为研究对象,运用SWOT分析法剖析Q公司发行可转债的动因,使用事件研究法评估该企业发行可转债的公告效应。评估结果发现,Q公司此次发行可转债公告效应为负。Q公司发行可转债的失败经历给相关企业敲响警钟,发行可转债前除了充分考虑公司面临的机会、应对的挑战以及自身存在的优势和劣势外,也有必要理性认识发行可转债可能带来的风险。本文试图为可转债发行主体做出合理的可转债融资决策提供警示。

混合次分数布朗运动跳扩散环境下可转债定价研究

【目的】为了体现可转债标的资产长记忆性和跳跃性的特点,解决资产收益率增量的不平稳性,提出混合次分数布朗运动跳扩散环境下可转债定价模型。【方法】首先令可转债标的资产的价格变化符合混合次分数布朗运动跳扩散环境;然后利用随机分析理论和随机偏微分方程方法,推导出混合次分数布朗运动跳扩散环境下可转债定价模型,并进一步给出定价模型的参数估计方式;最后运用遗传算法估计参数,选取国内可转债市场的实际数据进行实证分析,结合不同定价模型做对比分析。【结果】本模型对实际价格的拟合效果比传统的布莱克-斯科尔斯模型均方误差平均减少0.34%;通过对遗传算法得到的参数进行定价的拟合效果,比使用历史数据得到的参数进行定价的拟合效果,均方误差平均减少约0.31%。【结论】本模型能在实际市场上为可转债的首日及每日定价决策提供较可靠的理论依据。

振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置的建模与研究

为实现波浪能的高效采集与转换,参考鸟类的运动特性,提出一种振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置。将键合图方法引入多物理场耦合的波浪能发电系统,建立了波浪能发电装置由波浪能到电能的全局模型,并利用多能域系统仿真软件AMESim,搭建了能量采集-转换-储存全过程的系统仿真平台,设置参数进行了仿真分析。开发仿规则波浪振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置试验平台,验证了仿真平台的有效性,仿真结果与试验结果吻合度较高。研究结果表明,该振荡扑翼波浪能发电装置能够有效采集波浪能,实现电能的稳定输出,发电效率达62.9%;键合图法可作为波浪能发电装置的设计与研究的重要工具;该仿真平台与试验平台为波浪能发电装置的设计和评价提供了理论基础和途径。

可转债强赎股价效应的影响因素研究

选取2013-2022年225家A股上市公司发行的242只可转债,采用多元线性回归法对其强赎公告股价效应的影响因素进行实证研究。研究发现:①公司发布强赎公告对股价产生了负效应;②可转债相对发行规模、剩余规模对累计异常收益率呈现显著负相关关系。研究结论验证了可转债强赎公告的市场效应,证实了可转债累计异常收益率的主要影响因素,因此,提出了对可转债发行公司、投资者、市场监管者的对策建议。