Motion and Special Relativity in Complex Spaces

A natural extension of the Lorentz transformation to its complex version was constructed together with a parallel extension of the Minkowski M4 model for special relativity (SR) to complex C4 space-time. As the [signed] absolute values of complex coordinates of the underlying motion’s characterization in C4 one obtains a Newtonian-like type of motion whereas as the real parts of the complex motion’s description and of the complex Lorentz transformation, all the SR theory as modeled by M4 real space-time can be recovered. This means all the SR theory is preserved in the real subspace M4 of the space-time C4 while becoming simpler and clearer in the new complex model’s framework. Since velocities in the complex model can be determined geometrically, with no primary use of time, time turns out to be definable within the equivalent theory of the reduced complex C4 model to the C3 “para-space” model. That procedure allows us to separate time from the (para)space and consider all the SR theory as a theory of C3 alone. On the other hand, the complex time defined within the C3 theory is interpreted and modeled by the single separate C1 complex plane. The possibility for application of the C3 model to quantum mechanics is suggested. As such, the model C3 seems to have unifying abilities for application to different physical theories.

Theoretical Models of Space and Its Philosophical Category

Diverse concepts of space developed in history of natural philosophy,mathematics,physics,and other natural or cultural studies form theoretical models of spatial relations,given in human’s experience.Their diversity is due not only to the multiplicity of philosophical and methodological approaches to the concept of space,but also to the variety of ways,in which spatial relationships can be organized.This variety gives a possibility to distinct autonomous spaces of different types with diverse sets of properties as well as separate spaces with their own ordinal,metrical,and sequential structures.Particularly,various ways of space semiotization in culture generate different types of autonomous and separate spaces:written texts,maps,pictures,chessboards,etc.In the same time,all particular notions of space are included in a general logical class.Its volume and content are covered by the philosophical category of space.Such general category cannot be reduced to mathematical,physical,or other concepts of space elaborated in particular sciences,however,it serves as a philosophical basis for their comparison.

Spaces with σ-point-discrete N_0-weak bases

It is discussed in this paper the spaces with σ-point-discrete N_0-weak bases. The main results are： （1） A space X has a σ-compact-finite N_0-weak base if and only if X is a k-space with a σ-point-discrete N_0-weak base; （2） Under （CH）, every separable space with a σ-point-discrete N_0-weak base has a countable N_0-weak base.

THE BALL-COVERING PROPERTY ON DUAL SPACES AND BANACH SEQUENCE SPACES

In this paper,we prove that(X,p)is separable if and only if there exists a w^(*)-lower semicontinuous norm sequence{p_(n)}_(n=1)^(∞)of(X^(*),p)such that(1)there exists a dense subset G_(n)of X^(*)such that p_(n)is Gateaux differentiable on G_(n)and dp_(n)(Gn_(n))■X for all n∈N;(2)p_(n)≤p and p_(n)→p uniformly on each bounded subset of X^(*);(3)for anyα∈(0,1),there exists a ball-covering{B(x^(*)i,n,Ti,n)}∞i=1 of(X^(*),p_(n))such that it isα-off the origin and x_(i,n)^(*)∈Gn_(n).Moreover,we also prove that if Xi is a Gateaux differentiability space,then there exist a real numberα>0 and a ball-covering(B)i of Xi such that(B)i isα-off the origin if and only if there exist a real numberα>0 and a ball-covering B of l^(∞)(X_(i))such that(B)isα-off the origin.

SOME PROBLEMS IN THE Z-C-X SPACE

The new concepts of the Z-C-X space and excellent cone are introduced. Some problems of random semiclosed 1-set-contractive operator are investigated in the Z-C-X space. At first, an important inequality is proved. Secondly, several new conclusions are proved by means of random fixed point index in the theory of random topological degree. A random solution of a class of random operator equations under conditions of imitating the parallelogram law is obtained, famous Altman's theorem is generalized in partially ordered Z-C-X space. Therefore, some new results are obtained.

Model-based Predictive Control for Spatially-distributed Systems Using Dimensional Reduction Models

In this paper, a low-dimensional multiple-input and multiple-output （MIMO） model predictive control （MPC） configuration is presented for partial differential equation （PDE） unknown spatially-distributed systems （SDSs）. First, the dimension reduction with principal component analysis （PCA） is used to transform the high-dimensional spatio-temporal data into a low-dimensional time domain. The MPC strategy is proposed based on the online correction low-dimensional models, where the state of the system at a previous time is used to correct the output of low-dimensional models. Sufficient conditions for closed-loop stability are presented and proven. Simulations demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodologies.

SOME RESULTS RELATED TO THE SEPARABLE QUOTIENT PROBLEM

The problem whether every infinite dimensional Banach space has an infinite dimensional separable quotient space has remained unsolved for a long time. In this paper we prove: the Banach space X has an infinite dimensional separable quotient if and only if X has an infinite dimensional separable quasicomplemented subspace, also if and only if there exists a Banach space Y and a bounded linear operator T is an element of B(Y,X such that the range of T is nonclosed and dense in X. Besides, the other relevant questions for such spaces e.g. the question on operator ideals that on H.I.(hereditarily indecomposable) spaces, that on invariant subspaces of operators, etc, are also discussed.

Almost sure T-stability and convergence for random iterative algorithms

The purpose of this paper is to study the almost sure T-stability and convergence of Ishikawa-type and Mann-type random iterative algorithms for some kind of C-weakly contractive type random operators in a separable Banach space. Under suitable conditions, the Bochner integrability of random fixed points for this kind of random operators and the almost sure T-stability and convergence for these two kinds of random iterative algorithms are proved.

On the Laws of Large Numbers for Double Arrays of Independent Random Elements in Banach Spaces

For a double array of independent random elements {Vmn,m ≥ 1,n ≥ 1} in a real separable Banach space,conditions are provided under which the weak and strong laws of large numbers for the double sums mi=1 nj=1Vij,m ≥ 1,n ≥ 1 are equivalent.Both the identically distributed and the nonidentically distributed cases are treated.In the main theorems,no assumptions are made concerning the geometry of the underlying Banach space.These theorems are applied to obtain Kolmogorov,Brunk–Chung,and Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund type strong laws of large numbers for double sums in Rademacher type p（1 ≤ p ≤ 2） Banach spaces.

Embedding Cross-Dimensional Vector Space into ℓ^(2)

The cross-dimensional dynamical systems have received increasing research attention in recent years.This paper characterizes the structure features of the cross-dimensional vector space.Specifically,it is proved that the completion of cross-dimensional vector space is an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space.Hence,it means that one can isometrically and linearly embed the crossdimensional vector space into theℓ^(2),which is known as the space of square summable sequences.This result will be helpful in the modeling and analyzing the dynamics of cross-dimensional dynamical systems.

ICA Based Speckle Filtering for Target Extraction in SAR Images Using Adaptive Space Separation

A novel approach based on independent component analysis (ICA) for speckle filtering and target extraction of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed using adaptive space separation with weighted information entropy (WIE) incorporated. First the basis and the independent components are respectively obtained by ICA technique, and WIE of the image is computed; then based on the threshold computed from function T-WIE (threshold versus weighted-information-entropy), independent components are adaptively separated and the bases are classified accordingly. Thus, the image space is separated into two subspaces: "clean" and "noise". Then, a proposed nonlinear operator ABO is applied on each component of the 'clean' subspace for further optimization. Finally, recovery image is obtained reconstructing this subspace and target is easily extracted with binarisation. Note that here T-WIE is an interpolated function based on several representative target SAR images using proposed space separation algorithm.

Preload relaxation analysis and reliable life prediction of space connection and separation device based on accelerated degradation tests

The safety and reliability of space connection and separation device has become a key issue due to the increasing service span of deep space exploration mission.The long-term preload relaxation(a key failure mode)of connection and separation devices is focused in this paper.A series of tests have been designed and implemented to investigate the preload relaxation regulation and a comprehensive method has been constructed to analyze and predict the reliable lifetime of the device.The two-stage preload relaxation law of the device is found and reasonably considered.Due to the different relaxation mechanism,the first-stage preload relaxation is assessed based on the working-condition test results,and the second-stage preload relaxation is characterized by accelerated test results.Finally,the service reliability and reliable life are evaluated.The experiment and assessment results demonstrate the reasonability and effectiveness of the proposed method which can achieve long-service reliability analysis for space connection and separation device within limited time.

A New Calculation Method of the Axial and Radial Velocity and Grade──Efficiency for High──Efficiency Cyclones

At present in China, the cyclones are widely used in the dust removal ventilation system of boilers, industry furnaces or pits etc., because of their simple structure, long life and cost efficiency. In order to improve efficiency of the cyclones, new theoretical calculation method is very important. In this paper, the concept of down-flow quantity is introduced and new formula is deducted based on Kilven law and the work has done by Zhao Weizhong[1]. The formula is not only of advantage theoretically but also fit with experimental results quite well. On the basis, the effect of three-dimensional velocity distribution in the flow field within cyclones and other parameters on the grade-efficiency calculation are analyzed and a new equation for grade-efficiency estimation is introduced. The calculating accuracy of the equation is better than the others theoretically and experimentally.

Analytical solution methods for eigenbuckling of symmetric cross-ply composite laminates

Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, this paper explores the analytical methods for eigenbuckling of symmetric cross-ply rectangular composite laminates with a pair of parallel edges simply supported and the remaining two edges arbitrarily constrained. The main contribution of present paper lies in two aspects： one is to present a simple and effective analytical method, namely, the separation-of-variables method, which can generate the closed-form buckling solutions without any computational difficulty; the other is to incorporate the accurate computation method of exponential matrix into the state space technique to avoid the inevitable numerically illconditioned problems reported in several literatures. The results obtained via both analytical methods are identical, and a good agreement with their counterparts in literature is observed. The separation-of-variables method can generate exact solutions within 1 s, which is impossible if the state space method is employed. Besides, the combination of the accurate computation method of exponential matrix and the state space method greatly improves the computational efficiency and gives correct results compared with the straightforward use of state space method.

A Schwarz Lemma at the Boundary of Hilbert Balls

In this paper, the authors prove a general Schwarz lemma at the boundary for the holomorphic mapping f between unit balls B and B＇ in separable complex Hilbert spaces H and H＇, respectively. It is found that if the mapping f ∈ C^1＋α at z0 ∈ B with f（zo） = wo ∈ OB＇, then the Fr＆het derivative operator Df（z0） maps the tangent space Tz0（ B^n） to Tw0（ B＇）, the holomorphic tangent space Tz0^（1,0） to Tw0（1,0）（ B＇）,respectively.

LINEAR ISOMETRIC NON-ANTICIPATIVETRANSFORMATIONS OF WIENER PROCESS

The necessary and sufficient conditions are given so that a non-anticipative transformation in Hilbert space is isometric. In terms of second order Wiener process, these conditions assure that a non-anticipative transformation of Wiener process is a Wiener process, too.

A Note on Card(X)

The main interests here are to study the relationship between card(X)and card(P(X))and the connection between the separability of a space X and cardinality of some function space on it.We will convert the calculation of card(P(X))to the calculation of card(F(X!Q)).The main tool we used here is Zorn Lemma.

Some Random Coincidence Point Theorems

A class of multifunctions satisfying more general contractive inequalities is introduced and random coincidence point theorems for pairs of measurable nmltifunctions belonging to this class are proved.