Orthogonality of inductosyn angle-measuring system error and error-separating technology

Round inductosyn is widely used in inertial navigation test equipment, and its accuracy has significant effect on the general accuracy of the equipment. Four main errors of round inductosyn,i.e. the first-order long-period (360°) harmonic error, the second-order long-period harmonic error, the first-order short-period harmonic error and the second-order short-period harmonic error, are described, and the orthogonality of these four kinds of errors is studied. An error separating technology is proposed to separate these four kinds of errors, and in the process of separating the short-period harmonic errors, the arrangement in the order of decimal part of the angle pitch number can be omitted. The effectiveness of the technology proposed is proved through measuring and adjusting the angular errors.

Adverse effects of early-life stress:focus on the rodent neuroendocrine system

Early-life stress is associated with a high prevalence of mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorders,attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder,schizophrenia,and anxiety or depressive behavior,which constitute major public health problems.In the early stages of brain development after birth,events such as synaptogenesis,neuron maturation,and glial differentiation occur in a highly orchestrated manner,and external stress can cause adverse long-term effects throughout life.Our body utilizes multifaceted mechanisms,including neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter signaling pathways,to appropriately process external stress.Newborn individuals first exposed to early-life stress deploy neurogenesis as a stress-defense mechanism;however,in adulthood,early-life stress induces apoptosis of mature neurons,activation of immune responses,and reduction of neurotrophic factors,leading to anxiety,depression,and cognitive and memory dysfunction.This process involves the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and neurotransmitters secreted by the central nervous system,including norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin.The rodent early-life stress model is generally used to experimentally assess the effects of stress during neurodevelopment.This paper reviews the use of the early-life stress model and stress response mechanisms of the body and discusses the experimental results regarding how early-life stress mediates stress-related pathways at a high vulnerability of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.

Porous framework materials for energy&environment relevant applications:A systematic review

Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization trigger a technical revolution in energy&environment related fields.Development of new technologies for green energy production and storage,industrial energy saving and efficiency reinforcement,carbon capture,and pollutant gas treatment is in highly imperious demand.The emerging porous framework materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs)and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs),owing to the permanent porosity,tremendous specific surface area,designable structure and customizable functionality,have shown great potential in major energy-consuming industrial processes,including sustainable energy gas catalytic conversion,energy-efficient industrial gas separation and storage.Herein,this manuscript presents a systematic review of porous framework materials for global and comprehensive energy&environment related applications,from a macroscopic and application perspective.

Study on the System for Separating Sulfurfrom Flue Gas and Dust

This paper describes the structure of the system for separating sulfur from flue gas and dust. In the paper, the velocities of turbulent flow and laminar flow inside the tower, the total of liquid membrance, and the additional flow of rotation fogged fluid are calculated, and the separation of rotation air-solid affected by tower is analyzed. The velocity distribution in quasi free vortex area is obtained from experiment. The minimum separated particle diameter is computed. The paper also studies the chemical reactions of flue gas containing sulfide with the dynamic fogged sulfur separating agent and discusses the main factors related to the effect of separating sulfur and dust. At last, the applications of separating sulfur in industrial stove and collecting dust in environmental engineering are introduced.

Flotation separation of brucite and calcite in dodecylamine system enhanced by regulator potassium dihydrogen phosphate

To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the regulator.The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement,zeta potential detection,solution chemistry calculation,FTIR analysis,and XPS detection.The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L,the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%,and the selectivity separation index was 6.46.The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO_(4)^(2−)of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite,promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH_(3)^(+)of DDA on calcite surface,while brucite is basically not affected by PDP.Therefore,PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.

Systematic engineering of BiVO_(4)photoanode for efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation

BiVO_(4)is one of the most promising photoanode materials for photoelectrochemical(PEC)solar energy conversion,but it still suffers from poor photocurrent density due to insufficient light‐harvesting efficiency(LHE),weak photogenerated charge separation efficiency(Φ_(Sep)),and low water oxidation efficiency(Φ_(OX)).Herein,we tackle these challenges of the BiVO_(4)photoanodes using systematic engineering,including catalysis engineering,bandgap engineering,and morphology engineering.In particular,we deposit a NiCoO_(x)layer onto the BiVO_(4)photoanode as the oxygen evolution catalyst to enhance theΦ_(OX)of Fe‐g‐C_(3)N_(4)/BiVO_(4)for PEC water oxidation,and incorporate Fe‐doped graphite‐phase C_(3)N_(4)(Fe‐g‐C_(3)N_(4))into the BiVO_(4)photoanode to optimize the bandgap and surface areas to subsequently expand the light absorption range of the photoanode from 530 to 690 nm,increase the LHE andΦ_(Sep),and further improve the oxygen evolution reaction activity of the NiCoO_(x)catalytic layer.Consequently,the maximum photocurrent density of the as‐prepared NiCoO_(x)/Fe‐g‐C_(3)N_(4)/BiVO_(4)is remarkably boosted from 4.6 to 7.4 mA cm^(−2).This work suggests that the proposed systematic engineering strategy is exceptionally promising for improving LHE,Φ_(Sep),andΦ_(OX)of BiVO_(4)‐based photoanodes,which will substantially benefit the design,preparation,and large‐scale application of next‐generation high‐performance photoanodes.

Synthesis and Coloring Mechanism of Metallic Glaze in R_(2)O-RO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-P_(2)O_(5)System

A copper-red and silver-white metallic glaze of R_(2)O-RO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-P_(2)O_(5)system was synthesized by adjusting the firing temperature and glaze components.The coloration mechanism of the metallic glaze was revealed via investigation of the microstructure of the glaze.Our research reveals that the metallic glaze with different colors is mainly due to the amount of Fe_(2)O_(3).The metallic glaze shows a silver-white luster due to a structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals with a good orientation when the sample contains 0.0939 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3),maintaining temperatures at 1150℃for 0.5 h.The metallic glaze is copper-red which is dominated by the coupling of chemical and structural color ofα-Fe_(2)O_(3)crystals when the sample contains 0.0783 mol of Fe_(2)O_(3).After testing the amount of SiO_(2),we find that 4.0499 mol is the optimal amount to form the ceramic network,and 0.27 mol AlPO_(4)is the best amount to promote phase separation.

Process design and intensification of multicomponent azeotropes special distillation separation via molecular simulation and system optimization

This work provides an overview of distillation processes,including process design for different distillation processes,selection of entrainers for special distillation processes,system integration and intensification of distillation processes,optimization of process parameters for distillation processes and recent research progress in dynamic control strategies.Firstly,the feasibility of using thermodynamic topological theories such as residual curve,phase equilibrium line and distillation boundary line to analyze different separation regions is discussed,and the rationality of distillation process design is discussed by using its feasibility.Secondly,the application of molecular simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation and quantum chemical calculation in the screening of entrainer is discussed for the extractive distillation process.The thermal coupling mechanism of different distillation processes is used to explore the process of different process intensifications.Next,a mixed integer nonlinear optimization strategy for the distillation process based on different algorithms is introduced.Finally,the improvement of dynamic control strategies for different distillation processes in recent years is summarized.This work focuses on the application of process intensification and system optimization in the design of distillation process,and analyzes the challenges,prospects,and development trends of distillation technology in the separation of multicomponent azeotropes.

Non-enzymatic methods for isolation of stromal vascular fraction and adipose-derived stem cells:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)and the stromal vascular fraction(SVF)have garnered substantial interest in regenerative medicine due to their potential to treat a wide range of conditions.Traditional enzymatic methods for isolating these cells face challenges such as high costs,lengthy processing time,and regulatory complexities.AIM This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and practicality of nonenzymatic,mechanical methods for isolating SVF and ADSCs,comparing these to conventional enzymatic approaches.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases.Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria focused on non-enzymatic isolation methods for SVF and ADSCs from adipose tissue.The risk of bias was assessed,and a qualitative synthesis of findings was performed due to the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies.RESULTS Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting various mechanical techniques such as centrifugation,vortexing,and ultrasonic cavitation.The review identified significant variability in cell yield and viability,and the integrity of isolated cells across different non-enzymatic methods compared to enzymatic procedures.Despite some advantages of mechanical methods,including reduced processing time and avoidance of enzymatic reagents,the evidence suggests a need for optimization to match the cell quality and therapeutic efficacy achievable with enzymatic isolation.CONCLUSION Non-enzymatic,mechanical methods offer a promising alternative to enzymatic isolation of SVF and ADSCs,potentially simplifying the isolation process and reducing regulatory hurdles.However,further research is necessary to standardize these techniques and ensure consistent,high-quality cell yields for clinical applications.The development of efficient,safe,and reproducible non-enzymatic isolation methods could significantly advance the field of regenerative medicine.

Solvent extraction of hafnium from thiocyanic acid medium in DIBK-TBP mixed system

A novel process for the separation of hafnium from thiocyanic acid medium using the mixture of diisobutyl ketone（DIBK） and tributyl phosphate（TBP） as the extractant was developed.This extraction process was investigated experimentally as a function of the amount of TBP added,acidity,zirconium and hafnium concentrations,salting-out agent,temperature,duration,respectively.The results show that hafnium is enriched in the organic layer and zirconium is in aqueous layer in DIBK-TBP system.Under the optimal technological conditions：TBP addition 20%（v/v）,aqueous phase acidity 3.0 mol/L,ammonium sulfate addition 0.8-1.25 mol/L,room temperature and extraction time 10 min,the separation factor of hafnium from zirconium is 9.3.

MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ONBOARD MOLECULAR SIEVE OXYGEN GENERATION SYSTEM

A mathematical model for simulating concentric-bed and other components of molecular sieve oxygen concentrator is established. In the model, the binary Langmuir equilibrium adsorption equation is adopted to describe the adsorption performance of the adsorbent, the linear driving force (LDF) model is used to describe the mass transfer rate, and the thermal effect during adsorption is considered. The finite difference method is used in simulation and comparison. Numerical results have a reasonable agreement with the experimental research.

Deep eutectic solvents for separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy:Recent advances and perspectives

Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.

A new method for separating complex touching equiaxed and lamellar alpha phases in microstructure of titanium alloy

A new method for separating complex touching equiaxed and lamellar alpha phases in the optical micrograph of titanium alloy was proposed for quantitative characterization. This new method involves three steps. First, concave points of the microstructural feature are identified with a threshold of the concaveness of the comer points which are extracted from the binarized image. Secondly, concave points pairs are selected from the concave points group established by means of marker circle or distance. Third, whether a candidate separation line which connects two concave points within a pair can be accepted or not is determined by the proposed four rules. The obtained results show that this method is effective on separating complex touching microstructural features.

A new combination process of distillation with salt extraction for separating organic solvent-water azeotropes

A novel process which can purify the organic solvents from their azeotropes with water is proposed. In this process,water can be drained off both from bottom and overhead of tower at the same time,and the organic solvent is concentrated in the tower and accumulated in the middle vessel at last. So the progress is time-shortened and energy-saving. The product purity is 99. 8% and the product yield is more than 99.5%. Simulation of liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) and the equipment operation data agree well with the experiment.

Automatic separation system for marine meiobenthos based on laser-induced fluorescence technology

An automatic system for marine meiobenthos separation was developed by using laser-induced fluorescence tech- nology. Rose Bengal was used as organism dye and the spectrums of Rose Bengal were measured. Laser-induced fluorescence system was established to detect marine meiobenthos in sediments. Data obtained from experiments were analyzed by using a mathematical model. The results showed that laser-induced fluorescence technology worked well in the system. The system could select the meiobenthos efficiently and precisely.

Characteristics of a Supersonic Swirling Dehydration System of Natural Gas

A new type of dehydration unit for natural gas was briefly described and its basic structure and working principles were presented. An indoor test rig for testing the unit performance was set up and the experimental results were given. The results showed that the unit could attain a maximum dew point depression of about 20℃ without any need of external mechanical power and chemicals. The pressure loss ratio, shock wave and the flow rate had great influence on the dehydration characteristics. From the systematic analysis of the factors that affect the dehydration efficiency of the unit, the suggestions for improving the unit are put forward.

Determination of respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in soil profile using BaPS system

A facility of BaPS （Barometric Process Separation） was used to determine soil respiration, gross nitrification and denitrification in a winter wheat field with depths of 0-7, 7--14 and 14-21 cm. N2O production was determined by a gas chromatograph. Crop root mass and relevant soil parameters were measured. Results showed that soil respiration and gross nitrification decreased with the increase of soil depth, while denitrification did not change significantly. In comparison with no-plowing plot, soil respiration increased significantly in plowing plot, especially in the surface soil of 0-7 cm, while gross nitrification and denitrification rates were not affected by plowing. Cropping practice in previous season was found to affect soil gross nitrification in the following wheat-growing season. Higher gross nitrification rate occurred in the filed plot with preceding crop of rice compared with that of maize for all the three depths of 0-7, 7-14 and 14-21 cm. A further investigation indicated that the nitrification for all the cases accounted for about 76% of the total nitrogen transformation processes of nitrification and denitrification and the N2O production correlated with nitrification significantly, suggesting that nitrification is a key process of soil N2O production in the wheat field. In addition, the variations of soil respiration and gross nitrification were exponentially dependent on root mass （p〈0.00l）.

Control mechanism of a cable truss system for stability of roadways within thick coal seams

Cable truss systems have been widely applied in roadways with complicated conditions, such as the large cross-sections of deep wells, and high tectonic stress. However, they are rarely applied to roadways with extremely thick coal seams because the control mechanism of the system for the deformation of the roof and the separation between coal rock segments is not completely understood. By using the relationship between the support system and the roof strata, a mechanical model was established to calculate the deformation of the roof in a thick coal seam with bedding separation under different support conditions: with an anchor truss support and without support. On this basis, the research was used to deduce a method for computing the minimum pre-tightening forces in the anchor truss, the maximum amounts of subsidence and separation with, and without, anchor truss support under the roof, and the maximum subsidence and the decreasing amounts of the separation before and after adopting the anchor truss. Additionally, mechanical relationships between the minimum pre-tightening force and the anchoring force in the anchor were analyzed. By taking a typical roadway with thick coal roof as an example, the theoretical results mentioned above were applied in the analysis and testing of a roof supporting project in a roadway field to verify the accuracy of the theory: favorable experimental results were achieved. In addition, the relationships among other parameters were analyzed, including the minimum pre-tightening forces applied by the anchor truss, the angle of inclination of the anchor cable, and the array pitch. Meanwhile, the changing characteristics of the amounts of roof separation and subsidence with key parameters of the support system(such as array pitch, pre-tightening force, and inclination angle) were also analyzed. The research results revealed the acting mechanism of the anchor truss in control of roadway stability with a thick coal seam, providing a theoretical basis of its application in coal mining.

Numerical Simulation of Separating Gas Mixtures via Hydrate Formation in Bubble Column

To develop a new technique for separating gas mixtures via hydrate formation,a set of medium-sized experimental bubble column reactor equipment was constructed.On the basis of the structure parameters of the ex- perimental bubble column reactor,assuming that the liquid phase was in the axial dispersion regime and the gas phase was in the plug flow regime,in the presence of hydrate promoter tetrahydrofuran(THF),the rate of hydrogen enrichment for CH4+H2 gas mixtures at different operational conditions(such as temperature,pressure,concentra- tion of gas components,gas flow rate,liquid flow rate)were simulated.The heat product of the hydrate reaction and its axial distribution under different operational conditions were also calculated.The results would be helpful not only to setting and optimizing operation conditions and design of multi-refrigeration equipment,but also to hydrate separation technique industrialization.

Fission and Fusion of Localized Coherent Structures for a Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System

Starting from a Backlund transformation and taking a special ansatz for the function f, we can obtain a much more generalexpression of solution that includes some variable separated functions for the higher-order Broer-Kaup system. From this expression, we investigate the interactions of localized coherent structures such as the multi-solitonic excitations and find the novel phenomenon that their interactions have non-elastic behavior because the fission/fusion may occur after the interaction of each localized coherent structure.