The reform of mode idea of ＂separation of powers＂ for China＇s rural land property system

By briefly reviewing the history of farmland property right in China, it puts forwards the conception of separation of three powers, which is to divide it into ownership, fight of contract, right of use, of farmland property right. In addition, it specifies the practical operational methods to realize the reform that make peasants become the only owner of land in the category of public ownership. It expects to promote the communication and concentration of farmland, so that we can realize the industrialization of agriculture to promote the agricultural productivity level.

The Separation of Powers from Functions and the Establishment of a New Structure of Management and Operation of State-owned Assets

The development of the socialist market economy demands the furtherintensification of the reform of the management operating system (MOS)of the state-owned assets, the strengthening of the efficiency in the man-agement of state-owned assets,and the improvement of the operating bene-

Analysis of multiple-faults of high-voltage circuit breakers based on non-negative matrix decomposition

High-voltage circuit breakers are the core equipment in power networks,and to a certain extent,are related to the safe and reliable operation of power systems.However,their core components are prone to mechanical faults.This study proposes a component separation method to detect multiple mechanical faults in circuit breakers that can achieve online real-time monitoring.First,a model and strategy are presented for obtaining mechanical voiceprint signals from circuit breakers.Subsequently,the component separation method was used to decompose the voiceprint signals of multiple faults into individual component signals.Based on this,the recognition of the features of a single-fault voiceprint signal can be achieved.Finally,multiple faults in high-voltage circuit breakers were identified through an experimental simulation and verification of the circuit breaker voiceprint signals collected from the substation site.The research results indicate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance for multiple mechanical faults,such as spring structures and loose internal components of circuit breakers.In addition,it provides a reference method for the real-time online monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.

Three Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Two Phase Flow Separation Using Swirling Fluidics

Vapor-water two phase flow separation in pressure vessel of nuclear power plants is accomplished with swirl motion using vanes. In order to reduce separation pressure loss and to make it economic, a new type of low cost simplified innovative separator using lattice core configuration is proposed where swirling is caused by the orthogonal driving flow. The performance of the separator has been assessed numerically with the commercial CFD code FLUENT 14.0. The numerical analysis is compared with the experiment. The geometry and flow conditions are chosen according to the experiment. In the analysis, standard k – e and realizable k – e turbulence models are implemented. The prediction of maximum air void fraction with realizable k – e model was almost the same as input air void fraction but the void fraction computed by standard k – e model was compared better with the experimental results than the realizable k – e model. Some discrepancies in flow pattern between the experimental and simulation results are observed which might be due to the difference of nozzle shape. However, a more detailed model is necessary to arrive at the final conclusion.

Dynamic modeling and simulation of deploying process for space solar power satellite receiver

To reveal some dynamic properties of the deploying process for the solar power satellite via an arbitrarily large phased array （SPS-ALPHA） solar receiver, the symplectic Runge-Kutta method is used to simulate the simplified model with the consideration of the Rayleigh damping effect. The system containing the Rayleigh damping can be separated and transformed into the equivalent nondamping system formally to insure the application condition of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. First, the Lagrange equation with the Rayleigh damping governing the motion of the system is derived via the variational principle. Then, with some reasonable assumptions on the relations among the damping, mass, and stiffness matrices, the Rayleigh damping system is equivalently converted into the nondamping system formally, so that the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can be used to simulate the deploying process for the solar receiver. Finally, some numerical results of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method for the dynamic properties of the solar receiver are reported. The numerical results show that the proposed simplified model is valid for the deploying process for the SPS-ALPHA solar receiver, and the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can preserve the displacement constraints of the system well with excellent long-time numerical stability.

Efects of thermal aging temperature and Cr content on phase separ-ation kinetics in Fe-Cr alloys simulated by the phase feld method

Phase field simulations of phase separation in Fe-Cr binary alloys were performed by using the Cahn-Hilliard diffusion function. A new mobility model in relation to aging temperature and Cr content was used in the simulations. Two alloys of Fe-30at%Cr and Fe-35at%Cr were investigated at two different aging temperatures of 573 and 673 K. The phase separation kinetics was found to consist of three stages： wavelength modulation, amplitude increase, and coarsening of Cr-enriched regions. A higher thermal aging temperature accelerated the phase separation and increased the wavelength of concentration fluctuation. While the effect of Cr content on the phase separation kinetics was slight, Fe-Cr alloys with a higher Cr content were found to generate a larger number and a finer size of Cr-enriched regions. The simulation results provide consultation for design and safe operation of duplex stainless steel pipes in nuclear power plants.

INVESTIGATION OF DOMINANT FREQUENCIES IN TRANSITION REYNOLDS NUMBER RANGE OF FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER PARTⅡ: THEORETICAL DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VORTEX SHEDDING AND TRANSITION FREQUENCIES AT DIFFERENT REYNOLDS NUMBERS

An attempt has been made to explore whether the power relation can be obtained from theoretical considerations. The classical laminar and turbulent boundary layer concepts have been employed to determine appropriate values of the scaling lengths associated with vortex shedding and shear layer frequencies to predict the power law relationship with Reynolds number. The predicted results are in good agreement with experimental results. The findings will provide a greater insight into the overall phenomenon involved.

INVESTIGATION OF DOMINANT FREQUENCIES IN TRANSITION REYNOLDS NUMBER RANGE OF FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER PART I:EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN VORTEX SHEDDING AND TRANSITION FREQUENCIES

A comprehensive hot wire investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder is carried out in an 18＂ × 18＂ wind tunnel to look into the dominant frequencies at the stagnation, separation and separated shear layers in the transition Reynolds number range. The majority of the experiments are carried out at Reynolds number of 4.5×104, with additional transition frequency tests at Reynolds numbers of 2.9×104, 3.3×104 and 9.7×104 respectively. The results are analysed in terms of power spectral density. While the frequency associated with stagnation is found to be essentially due to vortex shedding, frequency doubling of vortex shedding is also evident in the separated shear layers. Two peaks associated with transition frequencies are detected and their possible implications are presented.

Study on Electromagnetic Transient Condition of EMU Passing by Phase-separation with Electric Load in High-speed Railway

Aiming at the complex electromagnetic transient process of EMU passing by phase-separation with electric load in high-speed railway, mechanism of overvoltage caused by switching off, overvoltage caused by switching on and impact current is analyzed systematically in this article. π-type equivalent circuit of feeding section is put forward in the analysis of overvoltage mechanism. Overvoltage and overcurrent model of passing by phase-separation with electric load are also built. Correctness of mechanism was validated by simulation. In addition, the methods to solve the influence on substations, transformers and protection devices in this process are put forward, which provides a new idea on passing by phase-separation with electric load technology.

乡村振兴战略下农村承包地“三权分置”问题研究

作为我国实现农业现代化建设和乡村振兴的必由之路,农村承包地“三权分置”制度在乡村振兴战略实施中的探索与实行必将得到进一步深化。农村承包地“三权分置”的制度设计是为了增强农业的规模化经营、提高农业生产力以及保障农民收入等。在乡村振兴战略下实行农村承包地“三权分置”具有必要性,通过对乡村振兴和“三权分置”的政策进行梳理,并结合相关研究与农村实地调查,总结农村承包地“三权分置”的成效,针对“三权分置”中承包地土地经营权的性质尚不明确、集体所有权虚置、土地流转“非农化”“非粮化”现象等问题,提出相应的对策建议,为解决农村承包地“三权分置”中存在的问题提供思路,从而推动乡村振兴。

基于FastICA算法的电力线通信OFDM信号分离方法

提出了一种基于快速独立成分分析(FastICA)算法的电力线通信正交频分复用(OFDM)技术信号分离方法。该方法在FastICA算法对2路观测信号进行解混处理的基础上,将解混信号的前导字段幅度归一化后分别与OFDM符号的前导序列的对应字段进行互相关,取相关值中最大值较大的解混信号作为通信信号,实现了通信信号和噪声的正确识别。定义分离比值为2路相关值中最大值的比值,作为解混效果的评价标准。通过设置合适的分离比值阈值,实现了期望的解混效果。以解混信号的前导字段为参考相位,采用DBPSK调制解调方式,实现了接收数据与解混信号相位无关。建立了MATLAB通信系统仿真模型,仿真结果验证了该方法在低信噪比条件且无纠错编码功能时仍具有较好的通信效果。最后基于硬件平台对算法的可实现性进行了验证测试。

功率电子器件中金属材料回收技术综述与展望

在碳中和目标下,可再生能源发电、智能电网、新能源汽车等技术的推广极大地加快了高功率密度、高工作频率电子器件的应用,其中,新能源汽车逐渐进入退役高峰,将会使其下游零部件之一的功率电子器件迎来报废高峰。功率电子器件中的基板材料、金属化层以及连接材料中金属资源种类丰富,具有极高的回收利用价值。本文面向碳中和情景,聚焦典型功率电子器件功能、结构、组成特性,基于现有金属资源化技术进行详细讨论并展望,重点梳理了Si基芯片材料、贱金属(Cu、Ni、Sn等)和贵金属(Au、Ag等)的回收技术,总结了针对功率电子器件的整体回收流程,为未来功率电子器件大规模退役及金属回收提供技术部署。

农地制度改革、垄断势力与农产品加工企业创新

农产品加工企业创新是促进乡村产业振兴、推动农业高质量发展的重要驱动力。本文从农地“三权分置”视角,分析中国农地制度改革促进农产品加工企业创新与竞争的理论逻辑,并以农地“三权分置”政策实施为准自然实验,采用倍差法和上市公司数据进行实证检验。研究发现:农地“三权分置”对农产品加工企业的技术创新具有显著促进作用,且对弱垄断势力企业的促进效应更大,这些结论在排除行业发展趋势、全国性政策影响、控制非平行趋势后仍稳健。机制分析表明,农地“三权分置”通过降低农产品加工企业成本促进了技术创新。此外,农地“三权分置”对林产品加工企业创新的促进作用显著大于种植加工与养殖加工企业。研究展现了农地“三权分置”在推动农产品加工企业创新与竞争中的重要作用,为理解中国农地制度改革的经济效应提供了经验证据。

可调式分土装置的设计及试验

针对垄作大葱收获分土阻力大问题,确定了可调式分土装置的结构,降低了分土作业时消耗的功率。装置由分土圆盘、支架、调节座等组成,可将葱垄两侧的土壤进行切割、抛送。借助Design-Expert8.0.6软件,以分土盘的距离、偏角、转速为试验因素,功率为指标设计正交旋转组合试验,确定距离、偏角、转速对分土盘功率的影响顺序为偏角>转速>距离。利用响应曲面对试验结果进行优化,得到分土盘低功耗的最佳参数组合,即距离为100mm、偏角为20°、转速为30r/min。通过田间试验验证了最佳参数组合分土盘的分土效果较好,分土功率均值为145.8W。

面向电网灾后恢复过程的移动应急资源分体式调度方法

移动应急资源的优化调度已被证实是提升电网灾后恢复能力与韧性的“助推器”。已有调度方法均将载体与其承载的功能模块“捆绑”为一体,低估了资源的实际效用。为此,该文提出移动应急资源的分体式调度方法,其特征在于将载体与功能模块“分解”为独立的调度单元,从而涌现出“一带多”与“载体共享”机制,以挖掘移动应急资源的利用潜力、探寻更优的调度效果。通过对载体、功能模块、电网三者间的交互行为进行分析,引入关键0-1变量,将实现分体式调度所需的各逻辑条件分别建立为线性约束条件;围绕电网灾后恢复场景,以最大化负荷供应为目标,并兼顾资源部署成本,建立计及移动储能、移动发电机、维修资源3类移动应急资源分体式调度的混合整数线性优化模型。最后,在IEEE配电系统上进行算例测试,结果表明,所提模型能够有效实现载体与功能模块间的灵活搭配与协同,并验证了分体式调度方法相对于传统方法的优势及其可扩展性。

基于小波散射网络-贝叶斯优化门控循环单元的电力变压器声纹识别方法

针对小规模样本下电力变压器的声纹识别问题,本文提出一种基于小波散射网络-贝叶斯优化门控循环单元(GRU)的声纹识别方法。首先,为滤除干扰分量,提高声纹识别的正确率,通过经验小波变换(EWT)与快速独立成分分析算法(FastICA)对原始信号进行盲源分离,得到变压器本体声纹信号。然后,为降低模型输入数据的复杂度,采用小波散射网络提取声纹信号的特征向量作为声纹识别模型的输入,并采用GRU作为模型分类器。最后,通过贝叶斯算法完成对GRU网络层数与初始学习率的超参数优化。实验结果表明,在样本规模偏小的情况下,相较于当前普遍使用的声纹时频谱——深度卷积神经网络模型,本文所构建的模型收敛用时缩短,识别正确率提高,性能得到了明显改善。

“政教分离”制度下自民党与统一教的“利益输送”

实行“政教分离”的日本,政党政治与宗教团体依然有着千丝万缕的联系。日本宪法规定了宗教不能干预国家政权的行政事务,但宗教团体参与社会政治的权利和自由并未被剥夺,由此产生政党与宗教团体之间错综复杂的互动关系问题。当宗教团体支持的政党执政后,往往会利用手中的权力为宗教团体提供特殊的政治保护。自民党与统一教正是通过相互“利益输送”连接起来的,自民党是统一教在政权领域的利益代表者和实现者,统一教则是自民党赢得政治权力所需要的社会支持者和财力后援,自民党议员利用政治权力,给予统一教政治和行政上的关照,以换取长期执政所需的“金钱”与“选票”,这明显违背了《日本国宪法》第二十条第一项。安倍遇刺使得自民党与统一教的“金权政治”交易大白于世,亦反映出日本政坛背离“政教分离”原则的政治腐败根深蒂固。

动力煤选煤厂宽尺度煤炭干法筛分-深度分选系统研究

煤炭的筛分设备和分选设备对煤质控制起着决定性作用,对原煤特性、煤和矸石的泥化特性进行了研究分析,采用了振动测试技术、粒度级分析、密度级分析、筛分、分选效果评价等方法,介绍了弛张筛和智能跳汰分选机的性能。研究结果发现,处理能力对筛分效果影响显著,随着处理能力的增加,筛分效率有明显下降。此外,在智能跳汰分选机的研究中,发现第一段矸石中存在精煤,需要对跳汰机的智能算法进行进一步的优化。优化筛分参数和分选效果可以满足煤炭行业对高质量煤炭产品的需求,对提高煤炭筛分效率和质量控制具有实际应用意义。

电力通信网络混合传输信号分离序列流程仿真

在电力通信网络中,混合传输信号环境较为复杂,难以准确地分离出电力通信网络混合传输信号,其SNR值相对较低。为此,对电力通信网络混合传输信号分离序列流程进行仿真研究。调用观测信号模型观测实时活跃的网络混合传输信号状态,计算网络信号的射频长度。利用FastICA方法对网络混合传输信号进行射频调制,将调制处理的信号信息压缩,计算盲源信号点位的个数和独立信号分量。根据载波频率估计值得到电力通信网络混合传输信号序列,实现序列分离。实验结果表明,所研究方法能够准确地分离电力通信网络混合传输信号序列,且SNR值高达27.69,有效满足电力通信网络混合传输需求。

融合充放电曲线特征与改进K-means聚类的退役锂电池分选方法

为提高退役锂电池分选重组的一致性,提出一种融合电压曲线与能量曲线的数值特征与形态特征,并运用欧氏距离和形态距离进行K-means聚类的分选方法。通过试验获取退役锂电池充放电曲线,融合电压曲线和能量曲线作为分选依据;采用欧式距离度量融合曲线的数值差异;利用分位数方法将融合曲线转化为描述曲线形态变化的特征序列,运用最长公共子序列算法提取特征序列的形态距离用来度量融合曲线的形态差异;以融合曲线的欧式距离和特征序列的形态距离为度量判据,采用改进K-means聚类算法对退役锂电池进行聚类。结果表明:相较于电压曲线或容量曲线分选,采用融合曲线分选,容量、充电电压、放电电压一致性最大提高约23%、93%、16%。相较于欧式距离方法,采用改进K-means算法,容量、充电电压、放电电压一致性最大分别提高了约67%、40%、51%。