【目的】针对花生染色体较小,染色体细胞学标记少,细胞遗传研究相对滞后,染色体分类识别困难的问题,建立能够准确区分栽培花生(Arachis hypogaea L.,2n=4x=40,AABB)A、B染色体组的新核型,提高染色体识别准确率,以揭示栽培花生和野生供...【目的】针对花生染色体较小,染色体细胞学标记少,细胞遗传研究相对滞后,染色体分类识别困难的问题,建立能够准确区分栽培花生(Arachis hypogaea L.,2n=4x=40,AABB)A、B染色体组的新核型,提高染色体识别准确率,以揭示栽培花生和野生供体亲本的染色体对应关系,鉴定栽培种花生染色体结构变异体。【方法】以花生栽培种(Arachis hypogaea L.,2n=4x=40,AABB)的2个可能供体亲本即花生野生种Arachis duranensis(2n=2x=20,BB)和Arachis ipa?nsis(2n=2x=20,AA)全基因组DNA及5S r DNA和45S r DNA为探针,利用顺序基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(Mc FISH)技术(简称顺序GISH-FISH)结合DAPI染色,在准确区分花生栽培种A、B染色体组的基础上,对花生栽培品种Z5163及其供体亲本染色体进行分析,建立花生栽培种新核型,并利用该核型对其他栽培品种的染色体进行分析,以探讨该核型的应用潜力和栽培花生染色体组成特点。【结果】以A.ipa?nsis和A.duranensis全基因组DNA为探针的GISH分析表明,以A.ipa?nsis为探针在花生栽培种20条B组染色体上能够产生清晰稳定的杂交信号,在A组染色体上没有信号,而以A.duranensis为探针,只在18条A组染色体能产生信号,但1对A组的小染色体"A染色体"不易被区分,因此,以A.ipa?nsis为探针可以准确区分花生栽培种A、B染色体组;综合5S r DNA和45S r DNA Mc-FISH和DAPI染色分析,发现花生栽培种A、B染色体组DAPI带纹、5S r DNA和45S r DNA的分布分别与A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis一致,此结果支持A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis是花生栽培种的供体亲本。DAPI染色结果显示,A.ipa?nsis及花生栽培种的B组染色体均有14条染色体显示着丝粒带纹,明显多于前人报道,表明仅利用DAPI染色来区分花生栽培种A、B组染色体的方法具有局限性。综合DAPI染色、r DNA、A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis基因组探针进行顺序GISH-FISH分析,建立了可以准确识别花生栽培种A、B染色体组新核型。然后利用该核型对3个栽培种品种的染色体组成进行了分析,首次发现一个自发的花生染色体代换系MS B1(A1),揭示了栽培花生染色体B1与A1之间存在部分同源关系。【结论】野生花生A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis分别与栽培花生A和B基因组染色体间具有很好的对应关系;研究建立的基于GISH-FISH和DAPI染色的栽培花生新核型,不但可以准确区分大部分A、B组染色体,而且还能识别栽培花生在多倍体化和人工进化过程中可能存在的自发的染色体变异,揭示A、B组染色体间的部分同源性。展开更多
Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organi...Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential,which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.展开更多
In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and s...In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morpho- logical observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. Alien addition lines with two H. californicum chromo- somes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. STS-PCR analysis using chromosome 2B specific markers indi- cated that chromosome H3 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 2, and was thus designated 2H. SDS-PAGE showed that chromosome H2 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 5, and was designated 5H. The CS-H. californicum amphiploid and the chromosome addition lines （DA2H and MA5H） identified were evaluated for powdery mildew （Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticii） resis- tance in field. The preliminary results indicated that the amphiploid showed higher powdery mildew resistance than CS. However, chro- mosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that major powdery mildew resistant genes of H. californicum should be located on chromosomes other than 2H and 5H.展开更多
Chromosome 2C from Aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat （Tritivum aestivum）. In the BC1F3 generation of the T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and a hybrid between T. aestivu...Chromosome 2C from Aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat （Tritivum aestivum）. In the BC1F3 generation of the T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and a hybrid between T. aestivum-Leymus racemosus Lr.7 addition line and T. aestivum-Ae, cylindrica 2C addition line, three disomic translocation addition lines （2n = 44） were selected by mitotic chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. We further characterized these T. aestivum-L, racemosus translocation addition lines, NAU636, NAU637 and NAU638, by chromosome C-banding, in situ hybridization using the A- and D-genome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） clones 676D4 and 9M13; plasmids pAsl and pSc119.2, and 45S rDNA; as well as genomic DNA of L. racemosus as probes, in combination with double ditelosomic test cross and SSR marker analysis. The translocation chromosomes were designated as T3AS-Lr7S, T6BS-Lr7S, and T5DS-Lr7L. The translocation line T3AS-Lr7S was highly resistant to Fusarium head blight and will be useful germplasm for resistance breeding.展开更多
文摘【目的】针对花生染色体较小,染色体细胞学标记少,细胞遗传研究相对滞后,染色体分类识别困难的问题,建立能够准确区分栽培花生(Arachis hypogaea L.,2n=4x=40,AABB)A、B染色体组的新核型,提高染色体识别准确率,以揭示栽培花生和野生供体亲本的染色体对应关系,鉴定栽培种花生染色体结构变异体。【方法】以花生栽培种(Arachis hypogaea L.,2n=4x=40,AABB)的2个可能供体亲本即花生野生种Arachis duranensis(2n=2x=20,BB)和Arachis ipa?nsis(2n=2x=20,AA)全基因组DNA及5S r DNA和45S r DNA为探针,利用顺序基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(Mc FISH)技术(简称顺序GISH-FISH)结合DAPI染色,在准确区分花生栽培种A、B染色体组的基础上,对花生栽培品种Z5163及其供体亲本染色体进行分析,建立花生栽培种新核型,并利用该核型对其他栽培品种的染色体进行分析,以探讨该核型的应用潜力和栽培花生染色体组成特点。【结果】以A.ipa?nsis和A.duranensis全基因组DNA为探针的GISH分析表明,以A.ipa?nsis为探针在花生栽培种20条B组染色体上能够产生清晰稳定的杂交信号,在A组染色体上没有信号,而以A.duranensis为探针,只在18条A组染色体能产生信号,但1对A组的小染色体"A染色体"不易被区分,因此,以A.ipa?nsis为探针可以准确区分花生栽培种A、B染色体组;综合5S r DNA和45S r DNA Mc-FISH和DAPI染色分析,发现花生栽培种A、B染色体组DAPI带纹、5S r DNA和45S r DNA的分布分别与A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis一致,此结果支持A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis是花生栽培种的供体亲本。DAPI染色结果显示,A.ipa?nsis及花生栽培种的B组染色体均有14条染色体显示着丝粒带纹,明显多于前人报道,表明仅利用DAPI染色来区分花生栽培种A、B组染色体的方法具有局限性。综合DAPI染色、r DNA、A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis基因组探针进行顺序GISH-FISH分析,建立了可以准确识别花生栽培种A、B染色体组新核型。然后利用该核型对3个栽培种品种的染色体组成进行了分析,首次发现一个自发的花生染色体代换系MS B1(A1),揭示了栽培花生染色体B1与A1之间存在部分同源关系。【结论】野生花生A.duranensis和A.ipa?nsis分别与栽培花生A和B基因组染色体间具有很好的对应关系;研究建立的基于GISH-FISH和DAPI染色的栽培花生新核型,不但可以准确区分大部分A、B组染色体,而且还能识别栽培花生在多倍体化和人工进化过程中可能存在的自发的染色体变异,揭示A、B组染色体间的部分同源性。
基金supported by the National Key R & D Program of China (No. 2019YFD0901100)the Frontier Science Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDY-SSWDQC004)。
文摘Environmental impact of pollutants can be analyzed effectively by acquiring fish behavioral signals in water with biological behavior sensors. However, a variety of factors, such as the complexity of biological organisms themselves, the device error and the environmental noise, may compromise the accuracy and timeliness of model predictions. The current methods lack prior knowledge about the fish behavioral signals corresponding to characteristic pollutants, and in the event of a pollutant invasion, the fish behavioral signals are poorly discriminated. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on Bayesian sequential,which utilizes multi-channel prior knowledge to calculate the outlier sequence based on wavelet feature followed by calculating the anomaly probability of observed values. Furthermore, the relationship between the anomaly probability and toxicity is analyzed in order to achieve forewarning effectively. At last, our algorithm for fish toxicity detection is verified by integrating the data on laboratory acceptance of characteristic pollutants. The results show that only one false positive occurred in the six experiments, the present algorithm is effective in suppressing false positives and negatives, which increases the reliability of toxicity detections, and thereby has certain applicability and universality in engineering applications.
文摘In order to transfer useful genes of Hordeum californicum into common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）, the T. aestivum c.v. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphiploid was crossed to CS, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morpho- logical observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. Alien addition lines with two H. californicum chromo- somes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. STS-PCR analysis using chromosome 2B specific markers indi- cated that chromosome H3 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 2, and was thus designated 2H. SDS-PAGE showed that chromosome H2 of H. californicum belongs to homoeologous group 5, and was designated 5H. The CS-H. californicum amphiploid and the chromosome addition lines （DA2H and MA5H） identified were evaluated for powdery mildew （Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticii） resis- tance in field. The preliminary results indicated that the amphiploid showed higher powdery mildew resistance than CS. However, chro- mosome addition lines DA2H and MA5H were highly susceptible to powdery mildew, indicating that major powdery mildew resistant genes of H. californicum should be located on chromosomes other than 2H and 5H.
基金support of the NANO2021 Project Dual-Functional Anti-Gas Hydrate Surfaces (DAndra,302348)the FRIPRO Project towards the Design of Super-Low Ice Adhesion Surfaces (SLICE,250990)the Norwegian Micro-and Nano-Fabrication Facility,Nor Fab (295864)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270827 and 30871519)the Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BG20053107)+1 种基金the 111 Project of the Ministry of Education of ChinaCCRP Program of the McKnight Foundation.
文摘Chromosome 2C from Aegilops cylindrica has the ability to induce chromosome breakage in common wheat （Tritivum aestivum）. In the BC1F3 generation of the T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring and a hybrid between T. aestivum-Leymus racemosus Lr.7 addition line and T. aestivum-Ae, cylindrica 2C addition line, three disomic translocation addition lines （2n = 44） were selected by mitotic chromosome C-banding and genomic in situ hybridization. We further characterized these T. aestivum-L, racemosus translocation addition lines, NAU636, NAU637 and NAU638, by chromosome C-banding, in situ hybridization using the A- and D-genome-specific bacterial artificial chromosome （BAC） clones 676D4 and 9M13; plasmids pAsl and pSc119.2, and 45S rDNA; as well as genomic DNA of L. racemosus as probes, in combination with double ditelosomic test cross and SSR marker analysis. The translocation chromosomes were designated as T3AS-Lr7S, T6BS-Lr7S, and T5DS-Lr7L. The translocation line T3AS-Lr7S was highly resistant to Fusarium head blight and will be useful germplasm for resistance breeding.
