粉煤灰与煤矸石协同焙烧陶粒填料及其SBR应用研究

文章通过对粉煤灰、煤矸石固体废物的协同焙烧并对其制备工艺进行深度优化,最终得到性能较好的陶粒填料,采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、比表面积检测法(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller,BET)等表征手段分析其性能。结果表明:陶粒材料制备的原料最佳配比(质量分数)为煤矸石45%、粉煤灰25%、膨润土20%、氧化铁5%、氧化钙4%、氧化镁1%;最佳工艺条件为400℃下预热20 min并在1100℃焙烧30 min,制备出的陶粒吸水率为30.2%,表观密度为1546.4 kg/m^(3),比表面积为70.1 m^(2)/g,抗压强度为328.9 N,酸损失率为0.25%,碱损失率为0,该陶粒符合CJ/T 299—2008标准;将所得陶粒投加至序批式活性污泥反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)内,有利于提高微生物挂膜速率,进而提高反应器处理氨氮和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)的效果。该陶粒制备思路可实现煤矸石、粉煤灰固废的大掺量高值化利用,为解决煤矸石、粉煤灰固废堆积、环境污染等问题提供了理论基础和实验依据。

Characteristics of aerobic granules grown on glucose a sequential batch shaking reactor

Aerobic heterotrophic granular sludge was cultivated in a sequencing batch shaking reactor(SBSR) in which a synthetic wastewater containing glucose as carbon source was fed. The characteristics of the aerobic granules were investigated. Compared with the conventional activated sludge flocs, the aerobic granules exhibit excellent physical characteristics in terms of settleability, size, shape, biomass density, and physical strength. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that in mature granules little filamentous bacteria could be found, rod-shaped and coccoid bacteria were the dominant microorganisms.

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

The present lab-scale research reveals the enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism from methanogenic anaerobic granular sludge and the effect of inorganic carbon(sodium bicarbonate)on anaerobic ammonium oxidation.The enrichment of anammox bacteria was carried out in a 7.0-L sequencing batch reactor(SBR)and the effect of bicarbonate on anammox was conducted in a 3.0-L SBR.Research results,especially the biomass,showed first signs of anammox activity after 54 d cultivation with synthetic wast...

Characteristics of extracellular fluorescent substances of aerobic granular sludge in pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor

The aerobic granular sludge was cultivated in a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor （SBR）, and some of the granules were stored at 8 ℃ for 150 d. Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） of sludge samples were extracted and analyzed during the granulation and storage process. The results show that the contents of protein and EPS increase along with the granulation process, while polysaccharides remain almost unchanged. The content of protein in EPS is almost two-fold larger than that of polysaccharides in granular sludge cultivated with municipal wastewater. Moreover, some of the granules disintegrate during storage, corresponding to the decrease of protein contents in EPS. Three peaks are identified in three-dimensional excitation emission matrix （EEM） fluorescence spectra of the EPS in the aerobic granules. Two peaks （A and B） are attributed to the protein-like fluorophores, and the third （peak C） is related to visible fulvic-like substances. Peak A gradually disappears during storage, while a new peak related to ultraviolet fulvic acid （peak D） is formed. The formation and the stability of aerobic granules are closely dependent on the quantity and composition of EPS proteins. Peak C has no obvious changes during granulation, while the fulvic-like substances present an increase in fluorescence intensities during storage, accompanied with an increase in structural complexity. The fulvie-like substances are also associated with the disintegration of the aerobic granules.

Combined treatment of landfill leachate with fecal supernatant in sequencing batch reactor

A laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) is used to treat landfill leachate containing high concentration of ammonium nitrogen with municipal fecal supernatant. The SBR system is operated in the following sequential phases: fill period, anoxic period, aeration period, settling period, decant and idle period. The results indicated that the average removal efficiencies of COD, BOD5, TN, NH 4+-N were 93.76%, 98.28%, 84.74% and 99.21%, respectively. The average sludge removal loading rates of COD, BOD5, TN and NH 4+-N were 0.24 kg/(kg SS?d), 0.08 kg/(kg SS?d), 0.04 kg/(kg SS?d) and 0.036 kg/(kg SS?d), respectively. Highly effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was achieved in the SBR system. The ratio of nitrification and denitrification was 99% and 84%, respectively. There was partial NO?2 denitrification in the system.

Treatment of Practical Dye Wastewater Using a Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge System Combined with a Sequencing Batch Reactor System

Synthetic dyes are substances that are relatively stable and difficult to degrade in wastewater treatment plants using normal physical,chemical or / and biological treatment. The present work explored the synergistic effect of non-thermal plasma( NTP) and biological wastewater treatment technologies on practical dye wastewater degradation by establishing a double dielectric barrier discharge( DDBD) system combined with a sequencing batch reactor( SBR) system. The biodegradation and degradation efficiency of the DDBD-SBR system was investigated. The investigation results indicated that the DDBD technology was effective in treating the practical dye wastewater as a pre-treatment process. After a 10-min treatment,although the total organic carbon( TOC) removal efficiency was not so significant, the decolouration and the biodegradation were improved greatly. The microbial toxicity test revealed that the sample after degradation became less toxic than the original dye,which demonstrated the treatment had a significant effect on the reduction of toxicity. In addition,the SBR technology remedied the defects of DDBD treatment and improved TOC removal efficiency noticeably. The hybrid DDBD-SBR system made full use of the advantages of the individual technologies and exhibited an efficient capability for practical dye wastewater treatment.

Function of anaerobic portion in a conventional sequencing batch reactor

The performance of SBRs treating two kinds of wastewater(synthetic wastewater con- taining polyvinyl alcohol and effluent from a coke-plant wastewater treatment system)was investi- gated in this study,in order to examine the exact function of anaerobic portion in a conventional SBR.The set up of 4-or 8-hour anaerobic mixing period in a SBR's cycle did not benefit for PVA degradation.While an anaerobic reactor seeded with anaerobic sludge could partly hydrolyse and acidify PVA into readily-degradable intermediates.During the anaerobic fill period of an SBR treat- ing the effluent from a coke-plant wastewater treatment system,the organic concentration was re- duced to certain extent due to the adsorption of activated sludge and dilution of the mixed liquor from the previous cycle.Parts of readily-degradable organics in the influent were utilised by denitri- fiers as carbon source.The biomass in a conventional SBR was alternatively imposed to aerobic and anaerobic conditions in its operating cycle,the environmental conditions needed for anaerobic hy- drolization and acidification of refractory organics could not occur in such an SBR.

Study on the Effect of Variation of Flow in Sequencing Batch Reactor Using PCA and ANOVA

Wastewater treatment using Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology is one of the state-of-the art wastewater management systems. In this technology equalization, biological treatment and secondary clarification are performed in a single reactor in a time control sequence. SBR system is idler for the areas where the available land is limited, since it operates in less space and very cost effective even on small scales. The control of the operational parameters during the process of biological wastewater treatment is often complicated due to the dynamic change in the composition and characteristics of the raw wastewater, flow rates and other parameters influencing the complex nature of the treatment process and the process in SBR has a unique cyclic batch operation. The performance of the SBR was studied using pilot and real plant at Puducherry. The parameters considered in this study are flow, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), pH, temperature, influent and effluent of Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). As a part of the study, the effect of constant flow and varying flow on the organic loading of the influent TSS, BOD and COD and their influence on the organic load of the effluent parameters were examined to identify the level of significance of the parameters in relation to the flow. The impact of flow on other parameters was also examined. The experimental data obtained from pilot and real plants were analyzed using multi variate statistical analyses like correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The statistical analysis revealed that constant flow had no significant role and the influent parameters alone had the critical role, whereas varying flow as well as the influent parameters had the significant role on the performance of SBR.

Production of Poly-b-hydroxybutyrate by Activated Sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactor under Aerobic Conditions

In order to improve poly-β-hydroxybutyrate（PHB） production in activated sludge, the anaerobic/aerobic alternative operating sequencing batch reactor（SBR） process was applied in this paper to accumulate PHB. Effects of nutritional conditions and carbon concentration on PHB accumulation were studied. Results indicated that PHB accumulation reached the highest level and accounted for 11.2 % under anaerobic condition for phosphate limitation and 20.84 % under aerobic condition for nitrogen and phosphate limitation of mixed liquor suspended solid（MLSS）, respectively. In addition, 4 g/L was proved to be the optimum carbon concentration in both anaerobic and aerobic experiments, and the PHB accumulation reached 17.1 %（anaerobic, phosphorus limitation） and 60.4 %（aerobic, nitrogen and phosphorus limitation） of MLSS, respectively. PHB could be successfully extracted with sodium hypochlorite and chloroform method from the activated sludge. In addition, the infrared spectrum showed that the PHB sample extracted was of high purity.

光合细菌对活性污泥微生物群落结构及功能的影响

构建光序批式反应器(PSBR)处理模拟生活污水,考察光合细菌投加量、pH值、光照强度和溶解氧(DO)对反应器污染物去除性能影响,通过16S r RNA测序技术揭示光合细菌对活性污泥微生物群落结构、功能和氮代谢通路的影响.结果表明:10%光合细菌投加通过促进微生物种间协调功能使PSBR系统CODCr、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TN去除率提高,pH值、光照强度和DO分别为7、5000lux和3mg/L时,PSBR脱氮性能最好.光合细菌提高了活性污泥微生物多样性和丰富度,Proteobacteria菌门和norank_f__Saprospiraceae菌属相对丰度增多.光合细菌促进部分参与硝化过程和反硝化过程的功能基因(amo、hao和nap)和酶(AMO、HAO和NAP)丰度增加,活性污泥的整体氮代谢潜力得到提升.

添加原水改善SBR工艺处理猪场废水厌氧消化液性能

采用序批式反应器(SBR)工艺直接处理猪场废水厌氧消化液,处理系统的效率较低,COD去除率仅有10%左右,NH4+-N去除率70%左右;处理出水水质较差,出水COD高于1 000mg/L,出水NH4+-N在200mg/L左右;处理系统的工作不稳定,效能逐渐恶化.在猪场废水厌氧消化液中添加部分未经厌氧消化的猪场废水(原水),处理系统的处理效率明显提高,COD去除率高于80%,出水COD降到250～350mg/L;NH4+-N去除率高于99%,出水NH4+-N小于10mg/L;处理系统的稳定性也得到增强.添加原水后,猪场废水厌氧消化液的BOD5/COD比值从0.19上升到0.54,BOD5/TN比值从0.28上升到2.04,增加了微生物生长和反硝化所需的碳源,强化了反硝化作用,不仅提高了总氮去除效率,而且通过回补碱度,维持了处理系统的pH值稳定.

固定化氯酚降解菌强化SBR系统治理氯酚废水

将降解2,4-二氯酚(简2,4-DCP)的高效菌群固定化后,投加到序批间歇式生物反应器中(即SBR系统),研究了强化投菌对系统去除2,4-DCP的影响,并比较了强化系统中投加的高效菌和固有菌在不同运行阶段对2,4-DCP的降解作用.结果表明,投加高效菌种能够缩短SBR系统处理2,4-DCP的启动时间,增强其耐负荷冲击的能力,不加固定化菌的对照系统可耐受66mg/L2,4-DCP负荷冲击,而以1.85%, 3.71%,5.56%和9.28%高效菌的强化SBR系统则可分别耐受166,250,250,250mg/L的2,4-DCP负荷冲击.SBR强化系统运行初期对2,4-DCP的去除主要靠固定化高效菌的作用,运行一个月后,固有菌和投加菌对2,4-DCP都具有很强的降解作用.

城市污水脱氮除磷SBR在线控制系统研究

SBR采用进水—厌氧—好氧—缺氧—好氧—沉淀—出水的运行方式处理城市污水。反应器装备有DO、ORP和pH等在线检测传感器。DO、ORP和pH变化的一些特征点可以用来判断和控制SBR中污水脱氮除磷过程的各个步骤。这包括:厌氧时,ORP和pH的转折点对应磷的释放;一次好氧时,DO、ORP的氨肘和pH的氨谷对应硝化结束;缺氧时,ORP的硝酸盐膝和pH的硝酸盐峰对应反硝化结束;二次好氧时,DO、ORP碳肘对应剩余碳的氧化结束,pH的转折点对应聚磷结束。控制系统能进行全自动运行来完成污水的脱氮除磷。

SBR反应器内短程硝化系统快速启动及影响因素研究

探讨了采用序批式反应器(SBR)快速启动自养短程硝化系统的方法,研究了溶解氧(DO)、pH、温度、外加有机碳源对自养短程消化系统的影响。以硝化污泥接种反应器(SBR),在纯自养条件下利用高浓度溶解氧1.0～1.6mg/L和中温(35±1)℃达到亚硝酸氮的快速积累。结果表明,在进水氨氮浓度为280～300mg/L,HRT为12h,控制pH值为7.5～8.5、温度在(28±1)℃、溶解氧浓度为0.8～1.2mg/L条件下,氨氮去除率达到90%以上,亚硝酸氮积累率高达95%。试验证明投加有机碳源(COD)50mg/L左右时,不会对短程硝化系统产生影响,且能实现较高氨氮去除率和稳定的亚硝酸氮积累率。

pH值对SBR单级好氧生物除磷的影响

在2个序批式反应器(R1、R2)中,以合成废水为对象,研究了不同pH值(R1:pH8±0.2;R2:pH7±0.2)对单级好氧生物除磷的影响;并通过比较周期中主要储能物质的变化,探讨了产生不同除磷效果的原因.结果表明,R1与R2均具有较高除磷性能,R1与R2中的平均去除率分别为94.9%,83.5%,pH值对SBR单级好氧生物除磷有一定的影响.导致R1具有较高除磷性能的原因是其对聚磷的依赖程度更大.好氧段R1糖原积累量低于R2(R1为1.42mmol/g,R2为1.55mmol/g),但降解量却高于R2(分别为1.41,1.19mmol/g);静置期,R1中糖原无明显变化,R2中则观察到明显的糖原降解.R1与R2均有明显的释磷现象,R1释磷量高于R2(释磷量分别为9.65,7.33mg/L).整个周期中,R1中PHA无明显变化,而R2中则在好氧段有少量减少,静置期有少量上升.

无机盐对SBR生化处理法的影响

本文研究了无机盐分 ( Na Cl和 Na2 SO4)对 SBR生化处理法的影响 ,提出无机盐 Na Cl和Na2 SO4对 SBR生化处理法的污泥活性质量和系统处理效率的影响 ,为

SBR中生物除磷颗粒污泥的反硝化聚磷研究

反硝化聚磷菌（DNPAOs）可利用厌氧储存的聚-3-羟基丁酸（PHB）以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体进行过量吸磷和反硝化,从而达到在低碳源下脱氮除磷的双重目的.本试验在SBR反应器中,采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧（A/A/O）交替运行的方式,将富集聚磷菌（PAOs）的颗粒污泥成功地诱导为具有反硝化聚磷能力的颗粒污泥.诱导结束后P的去除率在90%以上,NOx-N的去除率在93%以上,厌氧段释磷量在25-33 mg/L,缺氧段每去除1g NOx-N吸收P约1.3 g;典型周期运行结果显示,厌氧段最大比释磷速率（SRPR）为18.39 mg/（g·h）,缺氧段最大比吸磷速率（SUPR）为23.72 mg/（g·h）,最大比反硝化速率（SDNR）为18.19mg/（g·h）,好氧段最大SUPR为17.15 mg/（g·h）;颗粒污泥中DNPAOs的数量由诱导前的14.9%增加到80.7%.与除磷颗粒污泥相比,反硝化聚磷颗粒污泥沉速提高0.16-0.7倍,比重提高0.003 1.

污水起始pH值对序批式反应器(SBR)中增强生物除磷过程的影响研究

通过序批式反应器(SBR)的连续运行,研究了污水不同起始pH值对增强生物除磷的影响(SBR1:pH=6.8;SBR2:pH=7.6).结果表明,在厌氧阶段,SBR2释磷量高于SBR1;在好氧阶段,SBR2降解的聚羟基烷酸(PHA)量低于SBR1,并且糖原合成量/PHA降解量的比例要远远低于SBR1.但是,SBR2反而比SBR1吸收更多的磷.进一步的研究表明,由于SBR2比SBR1合成的糖原少,因此其低PHA降解量并没有导致低吸磷量.推测SBR2中的聚磷菌(PAO)量高于SBR1,从而导致SBR2有着更高的吸磷量以及PHA利用率.在好氧末,SBR2中的可溶解性正磷酸盐(SOP)浓度远远低于SBR1,SBR2的除磷效果达到93.67%,但SBR1仅为65.06%.因此,通过控制污水起始pH值的方法可以达到显著提高增强生物除磷效果的目的,比控制整个污水生物处理过程pH的方法要方便.

Mg^(2+)对SBR中好氧颗粒污泥培养的影响研究

在三个SBR反应器中分别投加0、10和100 mg/L的镁离子,研究了镁离子对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响。结果表明,镁离子的添加有利于颗粒污泥的形成,促进了各种微生物的生长,提高了污泥浓度,并且促进了胞外多糖的生成。10 mg/L的Mg2+更有利于颗粒污泥的形成和成长,其颗粒化程度高且平均粒径大,并使颗粒污泥的形成时间从32 d缩短到18 d,而100 mg/L的Mg2+对颗粒污泥的促进效果不如10 mg/L的明显。

投加有效微生物强化SBR和SBBR除污效果的研究

将有效微生物(EM)富集培养液分别引入序批式反应器(SBR)和序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR),构成新型的EM—SBR和EM—SBBR污水处理系统,以不接种EM的SBR和SBBR为对照,分别考察了各反应器的除污效果。结果表明,当EM在SBR中形成稳定的优势菌群后,可显著提高活性污泥的浓度,并可改善污泥的沉降性能;EM—SBR在曝气时间为4 h时对COD和NH4+-N的去除率均大于94%,EM—SBBR对COD和NH4+-N的去除率比对照组均高出7%左右;EM—SBR因菌种随出水流失造成除污效果下降而需要周期性投菌,EM—SBBR因附着性生物膜的存在有效减少了菌种的流失量,从而使其投菌周期较EM—SBR的大为延长,EM—SBBR除污效果周期性下降的主要原因为菌种退化。