Coupling of quantum-dot circuits to microwave photons enables us to investigate photon-assisted quantum transport.Here,we revisit this typical circuit quantum electrodynamical setup by introducing the Kerr nonlinearit...Coupling of quantum-dot circuits to microwave photons enables us to investigate photon-assisted quantum transport.Here,we revisit this typical circuit quantum electrodynamical setup by introducing the Kerr nonlinearity of photons.By exploiting quantum critical behavior,we propose a powerful scheme to control the power-harvesting efficiency in the microwave regime,where the driven-dissipative optical system acts as an energy pump.It drives electron transport against a load in the quantum-dot circuit.The energy transfer and,consequently,the harvesting efficiency are enhanced near the critical point.As the critical point moves towards to low input power,high efficiency within experimental parameters is achieved.Our results complement fundamental studies of photon-to-electron conversion at the nanoscale and provide practical guidance for designs of integrated photoelectric devices through quantum criticality.展开更多
Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS)...Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).展开更多
Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypog...Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate intake.Severe hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left untreated.Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.展开更多
Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and ...Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring except...BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring exceptional high-dose insulin is rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with pneumonia who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,subsequently developing transient EIR following a new episode of sepsis.Remarkably,insulin resistance rapidly reversed when the insulin infusion rate peaked at 960 units/hour(a total of 18224 units on that day),and it was promptly titrated down to zero upon achieving the target glucose level.CONCLUSION Exceptional high-dose insulin infusion may be required in critically ill patients with stress-related EIR,which is typically transient.Clinicians should be aware of the phenomenon and cautious to avoid hypoglycemia and fluid overload during the steep titration of high-dose insulin infusion.展开更多
Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic ...Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their families.Advances in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing morbidity.For those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of life.At the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general hospitals.While there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive care.Many patients may encounter considerable challenges during this period.Difficulties may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric conditions.In addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health issues.These challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.展开更多
The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promis...The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise.While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.Dietary fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI microbiota.The aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical illness.Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were identified.Studies show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and disease.The fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria.Short chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient populations.Very few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical illness.More research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.展开更多
The high-temperature reactor pebble-bed mod-ule(HTR-PM)is a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power plant.Its first criticality experiment is scheduled for the latter half of 2021.Before perfor...The high-temperature reactor pebble-bed mod-ule(HTR-PM)is a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power plant.Its first criticality experiment is scheduled for the latter half of 2021.Before performing the first criticality experiment,a prediction calculation was performed using PANGU code.This paper presents the calculation details for predicting the HTR-PM first criticality using PANGU,including the input model and parameters,numerical results,and uncertainty analysis.The accuracy of the PANGU code was demonstrated by comparing it with the high-fidelity Monte Carlo solution,using the same input configurations.It should be noted that k eff can be significantly affected by uncertainties in nuclear data and certain input parameters,making the criticality calculation challenge.Finally,the PANGU is used to pre-dict the critical loading height of the HTR-PM first criti-cality under design conditions,which will be evaluated in the upcoming experiment later this year.展开更多
Making use of modern nonlinear physics theory and earthquake focus theory, combined with seismicity characteristics, the percolation model of earthquake activity is given in this paper. We take the seismogenic process...Making use of modern nonlinear physics theory and earthquake focus theory, combined with seismicity characteristics, the percolation model of earthquake activity is given in this paper. We take the seismogenic process of alarge earthquake as a phase transition process of percolation and apply the renormalization method to phase transition of percolation. The critical property of the system, which is like percolation probability exponential andcorrelative length exponential, etc, can be calculated under the fixed point as which in the renormalization transformation infinite correlative length in percolation phase transition is taken. The percolation phase transition process of two large earthquakes, which are Haicheng and Tangshan event occurred in 1975 and 1976 respectively, hasbeen discussed by means of seismicity data before and after two shocks.展开更多
We study the thermodynamics of a charged AdS black hole in the special f(R)correction with the constant Ricci scalar curvature.Our results show that the f(R)correction influences the Gibbs free energy and the phase tr...We study the thermodynamics of a charged AdS black hole in the special f(R)correction with the constant Ricci scalar curvature.Our results show that the f(R)correction influences the Gibbs free energy and the phase transition of system.The ratioρc occurring at the critical point increases monotonically with the derivative term f'(R0).We also disclose that the critical exponents are the same as those of the liquid-gas phase transition in the van der Waals model,which does not depend on the f(R)correction considered here.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12204405, 21873033, and 22273029)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Project (Grant Nos. 202301AT070108 and 202401AW070005)
文摘Coupling of quantum-dot circuits to microwave photons enables us to investigate photon-assisted quantum transport.Here,we revisit this typical circuit quantum electrodynamical setup by introducing the Kerr nonlinearity of photons.By exploiting quantum critical behavior,we propose a powerful scheme to control the power-harvesting efficiency in the microwave regime,where the driven-dissipative optical system acts as an energy pump.It drives electron transport against a load in the quantum-dot circuit.The energy transfer and,consequently,the harvesting efficiency are enhanced near the critical point.As the critical point moves towards to low input power,high efficiency within experimental parameters is achieved.Our results complement fundamental studies of photon-to-electron conversion at the nanoscale and provide practical guidance for designs of integrated photoelectric devices through quantum criticality.
基金supported by NIH grants(R01NS125074,R01AG083164,and R21NS127177)(to YL).
文摘Adult microglia,by continuously sensing changes in their environment and communicating with nearly all brain cell types,are considered to be the immune sentinels of the brain.In the healthy central nervous system(CNS),microglia display a unique molecular homeostatic signature(i.e.,Tmem119,P2ry12,Sall1,Siglech,Gpr34,and Hexb)(Figure 1A).
基金generously supported by the faculty startup funds from Auburn University at Montgomery (to SSVPS)。
文摘Hypoglycemia-a critical complication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hypoglycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd physiological thresholds.Mild hypoglycemia,classified as level 1 hypoglycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate intake.Severe hypoglycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,poses a life-threatening risk if left untreated.Individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are particularly susceptible to hypoglycemia due to impaired counterregulatory mechanisms.
基金financially supported by the Original Exploration Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52150079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20130,U2004215,and 51974280)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.232300421196)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory of China(Nos.GJJSGFYQ202304,GJJSGFJQ202306,GJJSGFYQ202323,GJJSGFYQ202308,and GJJSGFYQ202307)。
文摘Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring exceptional high-dose insulin is rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with pneumonia who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,subsequently developing transient EIR following a new episode of sepsis.Remarkably,insulin resistance rapidly reversed when the insulin infusion rate peaked at 960 units/hour(a total of 18224 units on that day),and it was promptly titrated down to zero upon achieving the target glucose level.CONCLUSION Exceptional high-dose insulin infusion may be required in critically ill patients with stress-related EIR,which is typically transient.Clinicians should be aware of the phenomenon and cautious to avoid hypoglycemia and fluid overload during the steep titration of high-dose insulin infusion.
文摘Adolescence and the journey to adulthood involves exciting opportunities as well as psychosocial stress for young people growing up.These normal experiences are potentially magnified for teenagers living with chronic illness or disability and their families.Advances in care have improved survival for children with a variety of serious chronic medical conditions such that many who may once have died in childhood now survive well into adulthood with ongoing morbidity.For those with highly complex needs,care is often provided at major paediatric hospitals with expertise,specially trained personnel,and resources to support young people and their families for the first decades of life.At the end of adolescence,however,it is generally appropriate and necessary for young adults and their caregivers to transition to the care of clinicians trained in the care of adults at general hospitals.While there are some well-managed models to support this journey of transition,these are often specific to certain conditions and usually do not involve intensive care.Many patients may encounter considerable challenges during this period.Difficulties may include the loss of established therapeutic relationships,a perception of austerity and reduced amenity in facilities oriented to caring for adult patients,and care by clinicians with less experience with more common paediatric conditions.In addition,there is a risk of potential conflict between clinicians and families regarding goals of care in the event of a critical illness when it occurs in a young adult with major disability and long-term health issues.These challenges present genuine opportunities to better understand the transition from paediatric to adult-based care and to improve processes that assist clinicians who support patients and families as they shift between healthcare settings.
文摘The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly recognised.Dietary strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated promise.While changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain uncertain.Dietary fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI microbiota.The aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical illness.Randomised controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were identified.Studies show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and disease.The fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal Bifidobacteria.Short chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient populations.Very few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical illness.More research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.
基金supported by the National S&T Major Project of China(Nos.ZX0690,ZX06902)the CNNC Youth Research Project.
文摘The high-temperature reactor pebble-bed mod-ule(HTR-PM)is a modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration power plant.Its first criticality experiment is scheduled for the latter half of 2021.Before performing the first criticality experiment,a prediction calculation was performed using PANGU code.This paper presents the calculation details for predicting the HTR-PM first criticality using PANGU,including the input model and parameters,numerical results,and uncertainty analysis.The accuracy of the PANGU code was demonstrated by comparing it with the high-fidelity Monte Carlo solution,using the same input configurations.It should be noted that k eff can be significantly affected by uncertainties in nuclear data and certain input parameters,making the criticality calculation challenge.Finally,the PANGU is used to pre-dict the critical loading height of the HTR-PM first criti-cality under design conditions,which will be evaluated in the upcoming experiment later this year.
文摘Making use of modern nonlinear physics theory and earthquake focus theory, combined with seismicity characteristics, the percolation model of earthquake activity is given in this paper. We take the seismogenic process of alarge earthquake as a phase transition process of percolation and apply the renormalization method to phase transition of percolation. The critical property of the system, which is like percolation probability exponential andcorrelative length exponential, etc, can be calculated under the fixed point as which in the renormalization transformation infinite correlative length in percolation phase transition is taken. The percolation phase transition process of two large earthquakes, which are Haicheng and Tangshan event occurred in 1975 and 1976 respectively, hasbeen discussed by means of seismicity data before and after two shocks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11275065the NCET under Grant No 10-0165,the PCSIRT under Grant No IRT0964+1 种基金the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11JJ7001the Construct Program of Key Disciplines in Hunan Province.
文摘We study the thermodynamics of a charged AdS black hole in the special f(R)correction with the constant Ricci scalar curvature.Our results show that the f(R)correction influences the Gibbs free energy and the phase transition of system.The ratioρc occurring at the critical point increases monotonically with the derivative term f'(R0).We also disclose that the critical exponents are the same as those of the liquid-gas phase transition in the van der Waals model,which does not depend on the f(R)correction considered here.
