Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asy...Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.展开更多
Background/Aims: Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (TB DILI) is a frequent medical problem in Pakistan. Critical understanding of various aspects of TB DILI is not only important to manage liver injury but ma...Background/Aims: Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (TB DILI) is a frequent medical problem in Pakistan. Critical understanding of various aspects of TB DILI is not only important to manage liver injury but may also prevent unnecessary discontinuation of antituberculosis treatment. The study is aimed to determine the frequency, types, severity and patterns of TB DILI. Study further evaluates various risk factors of TB DILI. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of two seventy-eight patients with the diagnosis of tuberculosis, where patients were followed during tuberculosis treatment. TB DILI was defined in accordance to international DILI expert working group. Results: Out of two seventy eight-patients, ninety-five (34.14%) had TB DILI. The most common pattern of TB DILI was hepatocellular (63.15%) followed by mixed (23.15%) and Cholestatic (13.68%). Most of the patients had mild DILI (43.15%) followed by moderate (30.52%), severe (20.01%) and very severe (5.26%). Age > 35 years, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs, extrapulmonary TB and malnutrition are important risk factors for TB DILI. Conclusion: All patterns of TB DILI with varying severity were present. Age > 35 years, malnutrition, extrapulmonary TB and concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs were risk factors for TB DILI.展开更多
Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system(IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hep...Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system(IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hepatic screening of pathogenic antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens. Herbal treatments with immunological effects have potential to alter this hepatic immune balance towards either therapeutic side or diseases side by inducing liver injury via hepatotoxicity or initiation of autoimmune diseases. Most commonly known herbal treatments, which have therapeutic effect on liver and IS, have proven via in vitro, in vivo, and/or clinical studies were summarized in this review.展开更多
股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)作为骨科领域的一种多发难治性疾病,尚无可逆性的治疗技术去改变其坏死状态。现阶段,在疾病发展的晚期多采用髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA),被公认为是最有效的治疗方法,...股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)作为骨科领域的一种多发难治性疾病,尚无可逆性的治疗技术去改变其坏死状态。现阶段,在疾病发展的晚期多采用髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA),被公认为是最有效的治疗方法,但此方法具有假体寿命有限、费用昂贵、患者及社会经济负担严重等弊端。故如何在股骨头坏死的早中期进行干预治疗以保留自体髋关节,一直是学者们孜孜不倦所追求的目标。基于国内外文献资料,本文将就股骨头坏死保髋治疗的新进展进行综述,以期为股骨头坏死的治疗研究提供灵感思路,进一步促进保髋医疗技术的发展。展开更多
文摘Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed.
文摘Background/Aims: Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (TB DILI) is a frequent medical problem in Pakistan. Critical understanding of various aspects of TB DILI is not only important to manage liver injury but may also prevent unnecessary discontinuation of antituberculosis treatment. The study is aimed to determine the frequency, types, severity and patterns of TB DILI. Study further evaluates various risk factors of TB DILI. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of two seventy-eight patients with the diagnosis of tuberculosis, where patients were followed during tuberculosis treatment. TB DILI was defined in accordance to international DILI expert working group. Results: Out of two seventy eight-patients, ninety-five (34.14%) had TB DILI. The most common pattern of TB DILI was hepatocellular (63.15%) followed by mixed (23.15%) and Cholestatic (13.68%). Most of the patients had mild DILI (43.15%) followed by moderate (30.52%), severe (20.01%) and very severe (5.26%). Age > 35 years, concomitant hepatotoxic drugs, extrapulmonary TB and malnutrition are important risk factors for TB DILI. Conclusion: All patterns of TB DILI with varying severity were present. Age > 35 years, malnutrition, extrapulmonary TB and concomitant use of hepatotoxic drugs were risk factors for TB DILI.
文摘Beyond the metabolic functions, the liver recently has been defined as an organ of immune system(IS), which have central regulatory role for innate and adaptive immunity. The liver keeps a delicate balance between hepatic screening of pathogenic antigens and immune tolerance to self-antigens. Herbal treatments with immunological effects have potential to alter this hepatic immune balance towards either therapeutic side or diseases side by inducing liver injury via hepatotoxicity or initiation of autoimmune diseases. Most commonly known herbal treatments, which have therapeutic effect on liver and IS, have proven via in vitro, in vivo, and/or clinical studies were summarized in this review.
文摘股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)作为骨科领域的一种多发难治性疾病,尚无可逆性的治疗技术去改变其坏死状态。现阶段,在疾病发展的晚期多采用髋关节置换术(totalhiparthroplasty,THA),被公认为是最有效的治疗方法,但此方法具有假体寿命有限、费用昂贵、患者及社会经济负担严重等弊端。故如何在股骨头坏死的早中期进行干预治疗以保留自体髋关节,一直是学者们孜孜不倦所追求的目标。基于国内外文献资料,本文将就股骨头坏死保髋治疗的新进展进行综述,以期为股骨头坏死的治疗研究提供灵感思路,进一步促进保髋医疗技术的发展。