Effects of Fermented Puffed Feather Meal on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Meat Quality,and Intestinal Microbiota in Broilers

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fermented puffed feather meal(FPFM)on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,meat quality,and intestinal microbiota in Arbor Acres(AA)broilers.A single-factor design was adopted,and four treatments were administered with five replicates to 240 one-day-old AA broilers.The control group(group A)received a basal diet,while the experimental groups received a basal diet plus 33%(group B),67%(group C)and 100%(group D)FPFM,respectively.Compared with group A,(1)the average daily gain(ADG)in group C decreased(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)in group D increased(P<0.05);(2)the level of serum urea nitrogen in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05),and the levels of triglyceride,high density lipoprotein,low density lipoprotein,cholesterol,and glucose contents in group D increased(P<0.05)at day 21;(3)the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group B and the immunoglobulin A in group C increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the serum immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G in group D decreased(P<0.05)at day 42;(4)the share force of breast muscle and thigh muscle in group D increased(P<0.05);(5)the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum of group B increased(P<0.05)at day 21,and the villus height in group C and D increased(P<0.05)at day 42;(6)the proteobacteria counts in the cecum digesta in treatment groups decreased(P<0.05)at day 21.The basal diet supplemented with 33%FPFM promoted protein metabolism,enhanced immunity and improved meat quality,promoted the digestion and absorption of nutrients,increased intestinal microbial diversity,and improved the content of beneficial bacteria without affecting the growth performance,it was possible to be used as a good substitute for fish meal.

Influence of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery on perioperative indicators, postoperative recovery, and serum inflammation in patients with colorectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND Conventional five-port laparoscopic surgery,the current standard treatment for colorectal carcinoma(CRC),has many disadvantages.AIM To assess the influence of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery(RPLS)on perioperative indicators,postoperative recovery,and serum inflammation indexes in patients with CRC.METHODS The study included 115 patients with CRC admitted between December 2019 and May 2023,52 of whom underwent conventional five-port laparoscopic surgery(control group)and 63 of whom underwent RPLS(research group).Comparative analyses were performed on the following dimensions:Perioperative indicators[operation time(OT),incision length,intraoperative blood loss(IBL),and rate of conversion to laparotomy],postoperative recovery(first postoperative exhaust,bowel movement and oral food intake,and bowel sound recovery time),serum inflammation indexes[high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)],postoperative complications(anastomotic leakage,incisional infection,bleeding,ileus),and therapeutic efficacy.RESULTS The two groups had comparable OTs and IBL volumes.However,the research group had a smaller incision length;lower rates of conversion to laparotomy and postoperative total complication;and shorter time of first postoperative exhaust,bowel movement,oral food intake,and bowel sound recovery;all of which were significant.Furthermore,hs-CRP,IL-6,and TNF-αlevels in the research group were significantly lower than the baseline and those of the control group,and the total effective rate was higher.CONCLUSION RPLS exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in CRC,resulting in a shorter incision length and a lower conversion rate to laparotomy,while also promoting postoperative recovery,effectively inhibiting the inflammatory response,and reducing the risk of postoperative complications.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten on Growth Performance, Cell Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices of Weaned Piglets (Sus scrofa)

To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace） and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG （control group）, 30 g kg-1 HWG （3% HWG group）, 50 g kg-1 HWG （5% HWG group）, or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine （0.25% Gly-Gln group）. The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 （P〈0.05）, while the average daily gain （ADG） in each of two groups was increased （P〉0.05）. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations （A：G） on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes （P〉0.05） on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A：G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, while the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3＋ （P〉0.05） and CD4＋ （P〈0.05） on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.

Study on Growth,Serum Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzyme Indices of Juvenile Siganus guttatus Fed with Enteromorpha prolifra and Artificial Feed

In order to provide reference for using Sigartus guttatus to control overgrowth of Ertteromorpha prolifra, the growth, serum biochemical and antioxidant enzyme indices of juvenile S. guttatus respectively fed with E. prolifra and artificial feed were studied. One hundred and eighty individuals were cultivated for 90 days in six 2.5 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m cages （30 ind. per cage） which mesh size were 0.5 mm. The experimental animals were divided into two dietary groups （ three cages for each group） that were fed with E. prolifra and artificial feed respectively. During the culture period, temperatures ranged from 23.0 to 26.5℃, pH was between 7.8 and 8.2, dissolved oxygen was more than 5.0 mg/L. The weight gain rate, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, hepato-somatic index of juvenile S. guttatus fed with E. prolifra were significantly lowe than that fed with artificial feed （P 〈 0.05）. The total protein （TP）, urea nitrogen （UN） and alkaline phosphatase （AKP） of juvenile S. guttatus fed with E. Prolifra were significantly higher than that fed with artificial feed （P 〈0.05）, while glutamic oxalacetie transaminase （AST/GOT） and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase （ALT/GPT） of juvenile S. guttatus fed with E. prolifra were significantly lower than that fed with artificial feed （P 〈 0.05 ）. SOD, GPX and anti-superoxide anion radical activity in liver, kidney, gill and muscle of juvenile S. guttatus fed with E. prolifra were higher than that fed with artificial feed, and these antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney of juvenile S. gtatatus fed with E. prolifra was significantly higher than that fed with artificial feed （P 〈 0.05）, while CAT and hydroxyl radical-inhibiting activity in liver of juvenile S. guttatus fed with arti- ficial feed were significantly higher than that fed with E. prolifra （P 〈 0.05 ）. Juvenile S. guttatus fed with E. prolifra showed poor growth performance but better antioxidant defense system. S. guttatus is easily raised and has stronger ability of digestion and absorption of E. Prolifra. The technique that uses S. gtatatus to control E. prolifra deserves deeply study.

Relationship of the preoperative NRS 2002 score,PG-SGA score,and serum indices with postoperative complications in patients with gastric cancer

Objective To examine the utility of the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002(NRS 2002),Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)and serum factors for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer patients.Methods We examined 181 gastric cancer patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2015 to January 2018.Nutritional assessments were administered within 48 h of admission.The body mass index(BMI)and serum factors were measured,and information on preoperative nutritional support and postoperative complications was recorded.Results Both the NRS 2002 and PG-SGA had positive correlations with age(P<0.05),and negative correlations with albumin,prealbumin,transferrin,hemoglobin,BMI,and bodyweight(P<0.05).The NRS 2002 and PG-SGA scores were positively correlated with each other(r=0.683,P<0.01),but had poor consistency(κ=0.357,P<0.01).During the preoperative period,33.2%of patients received nutritional support,mainly enteral nutrition.The nutritional risk group(NRS 2002≥3)received more support than the group without nutritional risk(NRS 2002<3;P<0.05).Patients with nutritional risk or malnutrition who received preoperative nutritional support had fewer postoperative complications than unsupported patients.The overall rate of complications was 12.2%,and the rate of severe complications(gradeⅢor above)was 5.5%.The malnutrition and nutritional risk groups had higher rates of severe complications.Conclusions The combined application of the NRS 2002,PG-SGA,BMI,and serum nutritional indices was useful for the nutritional screening and assessment of preoperative gastric cancer patients.The NRS 2002 and PG-SGA provided guidance on the need for nutritional support during the preoperative period.

Molecular Diagnosis of Subclinical African Trypanosoma vivax Infection and Association with Physiological Indices and Serum Metabolites in Extensively Managed Goats in the Tropics

Trypanosomosis remains a major challenge to livestock production in much of tropical Sub-Saharan Africa, while diagnosis and treatment still depend on inefficient parasitological techniques. Endemic infections depend on animal reservoirs with subclinical parasitemia. We report molecular diagnosis of subclinical Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax) infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the first time in Nigerian goats and associate parasite presence with gross physiological traits and serum metabolites in extensively managed Nigerian goats. PCR was used to amplify a 400 bp DNA fragment of the parasite genome in 205 goats across three geographical zones of the country. Results showed a high subclinical infection rate (SCIR) of 71.7% in the total goats examined. Overall SCIRs of 71%, 75.9% and 55.6% were recorded in West African Dwarf, Red Sokoto and Sahel goats respectively, while geographical SCIRs were 71.2% (Southwest), 75% (Northwest) and 70% (Northeast). T. vivax presence had significant (P 0.05) effect on respiratory rate and is associated with higher creatinine levels in sera. Logistic regression analyses with Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit showed that respiratory rate is the most important predictive trait for the presence of T. vivax infection (P 0.05). Goats appear to be a viable reservoir for T. vivax infection of other livestock. Molecular diagnosis of subclinical trypanosomosis using PCR could be useful for large scale epidemiological studies, early diagnosis of subclinical infection and treatment of the disease in extensively managed tropical goats.

Effects of Dietary Concentrate to Forage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Indicators in Post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of dietary concentrate to forage ratios on production performance and serum bio-chemical indicators of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Sixteen Hainan Yellow Cattles with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(242.22 ±0.71 kg) were randomly divided into four treatments.Cattles were fed with diets of different concentrate to forage ratios(20:80, group Ⅰ;30:70, Group Ⅱ;40:60, group Ⅲ;50:50, group Ⅳ).The trial lasted 62 d.[Result]The daily gain in experimental group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05), but the feed gain ratio in experimental group Ⅳ was lower than those in other ex-perimental groups(P>0.05).The feed intake in experimental group Ⅳ was also markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P<0.05).Compared with the experimental group Ⅱ, the gross profit of experimental group Ⅳ was significantly promoted(P<0.05).The alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in experimental group Ⅱ were markedly higher than those in experimental groups Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ.[Conclusion]When the dietary concentrate to forage ratios was 50∶50, the production performance of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle was better.

Ameliorating effects of Raphanus sativus leaves on sodium arsenite-induced perturbation of blood indices in Swiss albino mice

Objective: To evaluate the ameliorating effects of Raphanus sativus leaves(RSL)against sodium arsenite(Sa)-induced adverse effects through mice experiments.Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into four equal groups: control, Sa, RSL,RSL + Sa. Sa(10 mg/kg body weight/day), and powder form of RSL(50 mg/kg body weight/day) were provided as food supplement orallty. Blood indices were measured using commercially available kits through colorimetric methods.Results: It was observed that lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly(P < 0.05)higher in Sa-treated mice than those in the control group. RSL significantly reduced Sainduced elevation of the activities of these enzymes in serum significantly(P < 0.05).Serum butyrylcholinesterase activity and high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels in Satreated mice were significantly(P < 0.05) lower than the control group, and the food supplementation of RSL could significantly(P < 0.05) prevent the reduction of Sa-mediated serum butyryl cholinesterase activity and high density lipoproteins cholesterol levels. RSL could also reduce the Sa-induced elevation of serum urea level significantly(P < 0.05).Conclusions: Results of this study suggest the protective or ameliorating effects of RSL on Sa-induced perturbation of blood indices are related to the hepatic, cardiovascular and kidney dysfunction. Therefore, RSL may be useful to reduce arsenic toxicity in human in the future.

Effects of Additives of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Blood Biochemical Indices of Wenchang Chickens in Hainan

[Objective]The aim was to study on effects of additives of traditional Chinese medicines on biochemical indices of blood of Wenchang chickens in Hainan. [Method]About 180 female Wenchang chickens were divided into five groups at random with three repetitions for every group and twelve chickens for a repetition. Group 1 was control group and the chickens were fed with basic forages; the 2nd group was control group of antibiotics and the chickens were fed with basic forages and 600 mg /kg of aureomycin; group 3,4 and 5 contained 0. 1%,0. 2% and 0. 3% of the additives respectively,besides basic forages. Chickens at average weight were chosen six from every group on 35th and 56th days,respectively, to prepare serums for biochemical indices of bloods and analyze effects of additives on the indices. [Result]Serum cholinesterase activity and albu- min content were both improved by 0. 1%,0. 2% and 0. 3% of the additives （ P 〈0. 05） ; activity of alkaline phosphatase was enhanced,and serum cholesterol was lowered both by 0. 2% and 0. 3% of the additives （ P 〈0. 05） . [Conclusion]Additives of traditional Chinese medicines have an ac- tive effect on blood biochemical indices of Wenchang chickens.

饲粮发酵啤酒糟水平对闽东山羊生长性能、消化代谢、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮发酵啤酒糟水平对闽东山羊生长性能、消化代谢、血清生化指标及瘤胃发酵的影响,为发酵啤酒糟在舍饲闽东山羊的科学利用提供参考。选择体重[(20.89±1.21)kg]相近的8月龄闽东山羊公羊24只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只羊。对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组饲粮中发酵啤酒糟水平分别为0、12%、24%和36%,各组饲粮营养水平一致。预试期10 d,正试期7 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的干物质采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组和试验Ⅰ组的总能表观消化率显著高于试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。对照组的进食氮显著低于试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。3)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃pH显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃丁酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,试验Ⅱ组的瘤胃厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度显著高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)相对丰度显著高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)相对丰度显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的瘤胃肠单胞菌属(Intestinimonas)相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加发酵啤酒糟可提高闽东山羊的干物质采食量和ADF表观消化率,在一定程度上提升瘤胃纤维素降解微生物的相对丰度,改善瘤胃发酵环境,且对闽东山羊的生长和机体代谢无负面影响。从本试验结果来看,饲粮发酵啤酒糟水平在12%~24%时饲喂效果最佳。

日粮添加三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响

文章旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平三丁酸甘油酯对肉鸡综合性能的影响。本试验将160只体重相近、健康无病的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组4个重复。对照组肉鸡饲喂基础日粮。试验I、II和III组分别在基础日粮中添加1000、1500、2000mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯。预饲期7d,正试期42d。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组肉鸡的42日龄体重和平均日增重显著增加(P <0.05),试验II、III组肉鸡的料重比显著降低(P <0.05),但平均日采食量无显著差异(P> 0.05);试验组干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及能量的表观消化率均显著增加(P <0.05);试验组肉鸡血清中总蛋白质含量和高密度脂蛋白含量显著增加(P <0.05),总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P <0.05),各试验组肉鸡血清中低密度脂蛋白含量较对照组无显著差异(P> 0.05)。总的来讲,日粮中添加三丁酸甘油酯能有效改善肉鸡生长性能,提升养分表观消化率,改善血清生化指标,综合考虑,肉鸡日粮中三丁酸甘油酯的最适添加量为1500mg/kg。

金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数及回肠形态的影响

试验旨在研究金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数和回肠形态的影响。试验选取1日龄体重相近健康的三黄鸡192只(公、母各半),随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加2%、5%和7%金针菇菌糠。试验期48 d。结果显示,金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能、脾脏指数和回肠形态无显著影响(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,7%金针菇菌糠能够提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05),增加血清中白蛋白和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿素氮、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲喂金针菇菌糠对三黄鸡生长性能和回肠形态无影响,添加7%金针菇菌糠可以改善免疫器官指数、血清脂质代谢和蛋白质代谢。

复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在探究日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标的影响。选取520日龄健康、体质量接近的绿壳蛋乌鸡560羽,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复方中草药制剂,试验期45 d。结果显示,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的平均蛋重、平均产蛋率、绿壳蛋破损率有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组平均蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组平均产蛋率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋破损率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重、蛋白高度、蛋黄水分含量、蛋黄指数及哈氏单位有显著影响,其中Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋蛋白高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组绿壳蛋水分含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋蛋黄指数显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组绿壳蛋哈氏单位显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂对林下绿壳蛋乌鸡的血清总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLO)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)有显著影响,其中Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组血清TP含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组血清GLO含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清ALT活性显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组血清TC和TG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上,日粮中添加不同水平的复方中草药制剂能改善绿壳蛋乌鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质及血清生化指标,且以1.0%添加量的复方中草药制剂效果最佳。

中药渣发酵饲料对荣昌猪生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化指标和免疫指标的影响

试验研究了中药渣发酵饲料对荣昌猪生长性能、腹泻率、血清免疫指标和生化指标的影响。选择30只2月龄体重相近[(22.6±1.9)kg]且健康的荣昌猪作为试验对象,将其随机分为2组,每组15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加20%的补中益气散药渣发酵饲料,试验期为60 d。在试验期间监测荣昌猪生长性能与腹泻率,在试验结束后,采集其血清,检测血清免疫指标和生化指标。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,中药渣发酵饲料组的荣昌猪总增重量显著升高,料重比与腹泻率明显下降(P<0.05);中药渣发酵饲料显著增加了荣昌猪的球蛋白(GLB)与总蛋白(TP)水平,降低尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TG)、三酰甘油(TC)含量(P<0.05),同时增加血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA与IgM水平,降低血清中的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度(P<0.05)。研究表明,中药渣发酵饲料可提高荣昌猪的生长性能,增强免疫功能,改善荣昌猪的机体健康。

投喂水平和投喂频率对多纹钱鲽鱼幼鱼生长、血清生化指标、肝脏和肠道组织消化酶的影响

为研究投喂频率和投喂水平对多纹钱鲽鱼(Selenotoca multifasciata)幼鱼生长、血清生理生化指标、消化酶和肝脏蛋白质代谢相关酶的影响,在流水养殖模式下,分别进行投喂频率和投喂水平实验,以确定适宜投喂策略。投喂频率实验,为表观饱食投喂,设1、2、3、4次·d^(-1)共4个投喂频率组,分别记为F1、F2、F3、F4组;投喂水平实验采用2次·d^(-1)的投喂频率,设饱食投喂和体质量的4%、6%、8%共4个投喂水平,分别记为G1、G2、G3、G4组。进行60 d养殖实验。结果显示:1)血清生理生化指标:总蛋白、白蛋白含量均在F2组最高,其余各组含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。血糖和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量在高投喂频率组较高。G1组总蛋白和白蛋白含量最高(P<0.05)。甘油三酯含量G2组显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。低密度脂蛋白G1组含量显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性在G1组显著升高(P<0.05)。碱性磷酸酶G2组含量显著升高(P<0.05)。2)消化酶:肝脏胃蛋白酶活性F3、F1组显著高于F2、F4组(P<0.05);肝脏胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性在F3组显著升高(P<0.05);肝脏脂肪酶活性在F4组显著降低(P<0.05)。肠道胃蛋白酶活性F1组显著低于F4组(P<0.05),其余各组差异不显著(P>0.05);肠道脂肪酶活性,F4组最低,F1、F2、F3组肠道脂肪酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);肠道淀粉酶活性F3组显著升高(P<0.05)。G3和G4组肝脏淀粉酶活性显著降低(P<0.05)。G1组肠道胃蛋白酶显著高于G2组(P<0.05),G1、G3、G4组各组间胃蛋白酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05);G1组肠道脂肪酶活性最高;G2组肠道淀粉酶活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。3):F1组肝脏谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于F4组(P<0.05),F4组肝脏谷丙转氨酶活性最低;投喂频率对肝脏谷草转氨酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。G1组肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著高于G2组、G3组和G4组(P<0.05),其余各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)生长:终末湿体质量、增重率和特定生长率且均在F2组取得最高;终末湿体质量、增重率和特定生长率G1和G4组显著高于其余各组(P<0.05)。在本实验条件下,从生长性能来看,多纹钱鲽鱼幼鱼适宜投喂频率为2次·d^(-1),投喂水平饱食投喂较好。

神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡10~18周龄血脂代谢规律研究

试验旨在研究神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡10~18周龄血脂代谢情况。试验以神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡10周龄商品代鸡为素材,以海兰褐蛋鸡为对照,饲养至18周龄,每周采血测量血清中脂质代谢相关生化指标,并进行差异分析和相关性分析。结果显示,随着周龄增长,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量整体降低,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量先降低,之后保持不变,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、极低密度脂蛋白y(VLDLy)和卵黄蛋白原(VTG)含量基本保持不变。与海兰褐蛋鸡相比,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡血清FFA含量明显较低,其他指标含量则与海兰褐基本相当。10周龄与18周龄比较分析结果显示,脂代谢指标中仅FFA在神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡中极显著差异,腹脂率和肝脏指数仅在神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡中显著差异。神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡血清FFA含量与TG、VLDLy显著负相关;HDL含量与LDL负相关,但并不显著。综合分析表明,神丹6号绿壳蛋鸡10~18周龄血脂代谢水平稳定,血脂代谢比高产蛋鸡慢。

不同饲喂方式对早期断奶“茶卡羊”羔羊生长性能、养殖收益及血清生化指标的影响

【目的】探究早期断奶后不同饲喂方式对舍饲羔羊生长性能、养殖收益及血清生化指标的影响。【方法】选取体重(5.94±0.34)kg、日龄(20±1)相近的健康茶卡羊公羔40只,用耳标标记,随机分为早期断奶组(A、B、C组)和随母哺乳组(D组,对照),每组10只。早期断奶组羔羊于21日龄开始断奶并用代乳粉替代饲喂至60日龄后进行不同日粮组合饲喂,即A组:开食料+燕麦青干草+玉米青贮;B组:开食料+燕麦青干草;C组:开食料+玉米青贮,饲喂时间为65 d。D组羔羊随母哺乳至试验结束。【结果】生长性能方面,A组羔羊增质量(16.43 kg)、平均日增重(156.48 g/d)、增重比例(362.32%)及饲料转化效率(4.28)显著高于其它各处理组(P<0.05,下同),B组和C组无显著差异(P>0.05,下同)。养殖收益方面,随母哺乳组羔羊收益最低(171.16元/只),断奶后A组饲喂方式显著提高羔羊养殖收益,为217.35元/只。不同饲喂方式显著影响羔羊血清部分激素、氮代谢及免疫功能;激素方面,生长激素(GH)、胰岛素生长因子(IGF-1)和胃泌素含量A组显著高于其它各处理组;氮代谢方面,A组显著提升羔羊氮代谢能力,主要表现为较低的尿素氮(7.12 mmol/L)和尿酸含量(122.25μmol/L);免疫功能方面,免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量在A组显著高于其它处理组。免疫球蛋白M(IgM)在各处理组间无显著差异。【结论】茶卡羊羔羊早期断奶后采用开食料、玉米青贮和燕麦青干草混合饲喂方式有利于其生长性能、养殖收益及机体各功能的发挥。农牧民应树立羔羊早期断奶观念,在早期断奶后通过科学的饲喂管理提升羔羊养殖水平,以期获得良好的生长性能及养殖收益。

苏禽6号蛋鸡产蛋期血清脂质代谢规律研究

旨在研究苏禽6号蛋鸡产蛋期血脂代谢情况,为该配套系的产蛋期饲养管理和营养调控提供理论依据。以苏禽6号蛋鸡19周龄商品代鸡为试验组,海兰褐蛋鸡为对照组,饲养至60周龄,产蛋前期(19~28周)每周采血,产蛋高峰期(29~40周)间隔2周采血,产蛋后期(41~60周)间隔4周采血,测量血清中脂质代谢相关生化指标,并进行差异分析和相关性分析。结果:随着周龄增长,苏禽6号蛋鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量维持至产蛋高峰期28周龄后明显下降(P<0.05),高峰期后TG和LDL含量无明显变化(P>0.05);高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量整体呈下降趋势,其中30、38周龄极显著降低(P<0.01)。与海兰褐蛋鸡相比,苏禽6号蛋鸡血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量28周龄前明显较低(P<0.05),之后无显著差异(P>0.05),TC和LDL含量则30周龄前无明显差异(P>0.05),之后明显降低(P<0.05)。产蛋前期、高峰期与后期比较显示,苏禽6号蛋鸡在产蛋高峰期其脂代谢指标中TG、FFA和LDL含量显著高于前期和后期(P<0.05),HDL和卵黄蛋白原(VTG)均是前期显著高于高峰期和后期(P<0.05)。苏禽6号蛋鸡血清各脂代谢指标间存在较多显著正相关(P<0.05),如TG、TC与FFA三者间(P<0.01),TC、HDL与VTG三者间(P<0.01),LDL、VTG与腹脂率三者间(P<0.05),仅FFA与极低密度脂蛋白y(VLDLy)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。综合分析表明,苏禽6号蛋鸡产蛋期血脂代谢稳定,与高产蛋鸡海兰褐蛋鸡相比产蛋前期一致,产蛋后期下降较快。

不同纤维源对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道通透性和粪便微生物的影响

本试验旨在研究麦麸(WB)和甜菜粕(SBP)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、肠道通透性和粪便微生物的影响。选取75头28日龄平均体重为(8.25±0.83)kg、健康的三元(杜×长×大)杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头猪。5个组分别饲喂基础饲粮(CON组)、4%和8%WB替代基础饲粮的饲粮(WB4组和WB8组)以及4%和8%SBP替代基础饲粮的饲粮(SBP4组和SBP8组)。试验期28 d,分为第1~14天和第15~28天2个阶段。测定每头猪初始体重、第14天和第28天体重及试验期间耗料量,在试验结束时采集血液样本进行血清指标的测定,试验第14天和28天采集直肠粪便样品进行16S rRNA测序。结果表明:1)试验第1~14天,与WB4组相比,SBP8组断奶仔猪平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)SBP8组血清总胆固醇含量显著低于WB8组(P<0.05)。3)SBP4组血清二胺氧化酶活性极显著低于WB4组和WB8组(P<0.01);与CON组和WB8组相比,SBP4组和SBP8组血清内毒素含量极显著降低(P<0.01);与CON组和SBP4组相比,SBP8组血清D-乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)SBP4组和SBP8组血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量极显著低于CON组(P<0.01);SBP8组血清白细胞介素-10含量极显著高于CON组和WB4组(P<0.01);SBP8组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α含量极显著低于WB4组、WB8组和SBP4组(P<0.01);与CON组和WB4组相比,SBP4和SBP8组血清免疫球蛋白G含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。5)试验第14天,SBP4组和SBP8组粪便微生物群落Simpson指数显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)分析结果发现,试验第14天,粪球菌属(Coprococcus)在SBP8组中显著富集(P<0.05);试验第28天,毛螺菌科NK4A136群(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)在SBP8组中显著富集(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,粪便未分类毛螺菌科(unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae)相对丰度与血清IL-1β含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,8%SBP替代基础饲粮可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体免疫功能和肠道屏障功能,并通过调节肠道菌群结构,提高有益菌丰度,促进肠道健康。

苏禽6号蛋鸡早期血脂代谢规律研究

旨在研究苏禽6号蛋鸡早期血脂代谢情况,为该配套系的早期饲养管理和营养调控提供理论依据。以苏禽6号蛋鸡10周龄商品代鸡为试验组,海兰褐蛋鸡为对照组,饲养至18周龄,每周采血测量血清中脂质代谢相关生化指标并进行差异分析和相关性分析。结果显示:随着周龄增加,苏禽6号蛋鸡腹脂率前期不变,后期升高;肝脏指数前期降低,后期不变;血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量整体降低,总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量波动变化,卵黄蛋白原(VTG)含量先降低后基本保持不变。与海兰褐蛋鸡相比,苏禽6号蛋鸡腹脂率、血清甘油三酯(TG)含量整体较高,TC含量时高时低,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量则较低,而VTG含量前期基本一致,后期则明显较低。前期与后期比较分析结果显示,脂代谢指标中仅FFA含量在苏禽6号蛋鸡和海兰褐蛋鸡中均差异显著(P<0.05),腹脂率和肝脏指数仅在苏禽6号蛋鸡中差异显著(P<0.05)。苏禽6号蛋鸡血清TG含量与极低密度脂蛋白y(VLDLy)、腹脂率极显著正相关(P<0.01),与FFA显著负相关(P<0.05);TC、HDL和LDL三者之间均极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综合分析表明,苏禽6号蛋鸡早期血脂代谢稳定并且比高产蛋鸡慢。