Parameters Influencing Haematological, Serum and Bio-Chemical References in Livestock Animals under Different Management Systems

Serum bio-chemical and haematological indices constitute important panels in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of livestock diseases via the investigations of myriads of parameters influencing these blood and serum bio-chemical indices. Serum bio-chemical indices, haematological indices and blood electrolytes are critical physiological indices which have health implications on the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of livestock diseases especially in animals bred under different management systems. It is important to stress that cascades of parameters of both genetic and non-genetic origin greatly have direct and in-direct health implications on serum bio-chemical indices and blood electrolytes in livestock animals and subsequently on their health/ production performances. Laboratory blood tests would be a vital tool to help detect any deviation from normal state of wellbeing in animals. Therefore, this review intends to provide base line information to establish certain haematological and serum bio-chemical indices as standard references which can be employed as alternative therapy for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cascades of diseases plaguing livestock animals bred under different management systems especially under the harsh condition of the tropics. Hence, it is important to establish standard values for the various blood and serum bio-chemical indices base on parameters of non-genetic origin;age, sex, physiological state, stress level, management systems, medication, health status, nutrition, hormone, climate, etc. and genetic parameters which include the breed and genotype of the animal among others obviously affect the blood and serum profile of healthy animal which subsequently influence their production performance and efficiency.

Analysis of Serum Cys-C,TBA,and Routine Blood Parameters of Patients with Hepatitis B-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis

Objective:To study the levels of serum cystatin C(Cys-C),total bile acid(TBA),and other routine blood parameters on patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:Study group 1 consisted of 30 patients with hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis,and study group 2 consisted of 30 patients with hepatitis B;while the control group consisted of 30 healthy people who underwent physical examination.The blood parameters were used to evaluate the clinical treatment effect of patients.Results:The TBA,Cys-C,alanine transaminase(ALT),total bilirubin(TBIL),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and international normalized ratio(INR)in study group 1 were significantly higher than those of study group 2 and the control group;while the platelet count(PLT),hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)were significantly lower in the study group 1 compared to the control group and study group 2(P<0.05).The Cys-C,PLT,TBA,AST,TBIL,and INR of patients in study group 1 who were successfully treated were significantly lower than the patients who were not successfully treated(P<0.05).Conclusion:Serum Cys-C,TBA,and routine blood parameters are useful in predicting the condition and the prognosis of patients of hepatitis B-related decompensated cirrhosis.

Effect of onion (<i>Allium cepa</i>L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitution on performance, immune responses and serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicks

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.) as an antibiotic growth promoter substitute on growth performance, immune responses and serum biochemistry in broilers. A total of 192 one-d-old as hatched broiler chicks (Ross 308) were weighed and randomly allocated to four treatment groups, each with 4 replicate pens of 12 chicks. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet (control), antibiotic (15 mg Virginiamycin/kg), and control +10 or 30 g fresh onion bulb/kg diet. Body weights of broilers were determined at d 1, 21 and 42, feed intake was determined at the same periods, and feed conversion ratio was calculated accordingly. At 14th and 21st days blood samples were taken for measuring antibody titers against NDV and at 42nd day for biochemical analysis. At d 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered for determination of lymphoid organ weights. Dietary supplementation of30 g/kg onion increased final body weight of broilers at 42nd d of age compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Birds fed30 gonion/kg in the diet had the highest feed intake than other treatments at different growth periods (P < 0.05). Dietary treatments failed to induce any significant effect on antibody titers against NDV, although the weight of lymphoid organs was significantly (P Broilers receiving30 g/kg onion had a significantly higher HDL and lower triglyceride concentrations compared to control groups (P . Feeding30 g/kg onion resulted in a marked reduction in the concentration of the glucose compared to control groups (P . The results suggested that dietary inclusion of30 g/kg onion can be applied as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for broiler diets.

Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat Levels on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Male Mink

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein and fat levels on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of male minks during the growing period. A total, of 90 healthy male minks at the age of 60 d were randomly assigned into six groups with 15 replicates per group and one mink per replicate. The minks were fed six experimental diets with two protein levels （32% and 36% ） and three fat levels （ 10% , 20% and 30% ） for a 7-day preliminary period and then for 60-day experimental period. The results showed that the final body weight and average daily weight gain （ADWG） were significantly higher in low-protein, middle-fat group and low-protein, high-fat group than those in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat group （P 〈 0. O1 ）. The final weight and ADWG were increased with dietary fat level increasing, and the two indices of 20% and 30% fat groups were significantly higher than those of 10% fat groups （ P 〈 0. O1 ）. The ratio of feed intake to weight gain （F/G） in low-protein, high-fat group was the lowest, which was significantly lower than that in low- protein, low-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum urea nitrogen （UN） in low-protein, high-fat group was significantly lower than that in other groups （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Serum alanine transaminase （ALT） activity in 32% protein groups was significantly higher than that in 36% protein groups （P 〈 O. 05）. Serum triglyceride （TG） content in low-protein, high-fat group and high-protein, high-fat group was significantly higher than that in low-protein, low-fat group and high-protein, low-fat groups （P 〈 0.05 ）. Serum TG, total cholesterol （TCHO） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL） contents increased with the increase in dietary fat level, and they were all the highest in low-protein, high-fat group. The growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of minks were not affected by the interaction between dietary protein and fat levels （P 〉 O. 05 ）. Considering all the factors, when the dietary protein is 32% and the fat level is 20% to 30% under the condition of this experiment, the dietary protein and fat utilization rates are higher, and the male minks during the growing period can get a better growth performance.

Effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine, and serum biochemical parameters of broilers

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, growth of internal organs and small intestine, and serum biochemical indices of broilers. A total of 360 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and 30 broilers per replicate (15 male, 15 female). The treatments were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% phytase. The results showed that: 1) Phytase supplementation increased the body weight gain and the body weight of Ross 308 broilers (P serum calcium (Ca) consistency was 0.02%. According to the above analysis, the feasible supplementation of phytase (enzyme activity for 5000 u/g) in broiler dietary was 0.02%.

Effects of Single Administered Bofutsushosan-Composed Crude Drugs on Diabetic Serum Parameters in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

The 18 crude drugs in Bofutsushosan (BOF: Pulvis ledebouriellae compositae: 防風通聖散) are separated into 6 groups such as diaphoretic, cathartic, antidote, antipyretic, neutralizer and diuretic groups. The effects of single administered BOF and composed crude drugs in 6 groups were investigated on the levels of diabetic parameters (serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The anti-hyperglycemic action of BOF was depended on Ephedrae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix and Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic group, Forsythiae Fructus, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Schizonepetae Spica and Cnidii Rhizoma in antidote group, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and Gypsum Fibrosum in antipyretic group and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group. In these crude drugs, Ephedrae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix, Schizonepetae Spica, Forsythiae Fructus, Scutellariae Radix, Gypsum Fibrosum and Paeoniae Radix increased serum insulin level, but Cnidii Rhizoma and Gardeniae Fructus did not affect serum insulin level. From these results, it suggested that anti-hyperglycemic action of BOF was through insulin-dependent and insulin independent manners. The lowering effect of BOF on serum triglyceride level was dependent on actions of Platycodi Radix in antidote and diuretic groups and Gardeniae Fructus in antipyretic group. The lowering effect of Gardeniae Fructus was parallel with its anti-hyperglycemic action. The lowering effect of BOF on high serum triglyceride level also included both direct action and indirect action. The reducing effect of BOF on serum cholesterol level was observed together with the actions of Ephedrae Herba and Zingiberis Rhizoma in diaphoretic group, Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic and antidote groups and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group. The lowering effects of Ephedrae Herba, Schizonepetae Spica and Paeoniae Radix on serum cholesterol level were parallel with their anti-hyperglycemic actions. Zingiberis Rhizoma in diaphoretic group might be direct reducing effect on serum cholesterol level but no serum glucose level. The Ephedrae Herba in diaphoretic group, Schizonepetae Spica in diaphoretic and antidote groups and Paeoniae Radix in neutralizer group might have reduced serum cholesterol level by reducing blood glucose level. From these results, composed crude drugs in 6 groups show various mechanisms in the action of BOF.

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc-Methionine on Growth Performance and Serum Parameters of Jirong Rabbits

A 45-day growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of 4 concentrations （0, 40, 80, 120 mg·kg^-1 Zinc- Methionine （Zn-Met） supplementation on growth and serum biochemical indexes of Jirong rabbits （60-day-old）. A total of 72 Jirong rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 replicates with 6 rabbits each. The Met value in the basal diet was 0.60%. ADGs of group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly different than that of control, increased by 3.16%, 7.53%, 8.14% during 0-15 days and 7.58%, 15.60%, 15.71% during 16-30 days and 8.27%, 12.43%, 11.44% during 31-45 days （P〈0.05）, but it was not significantly different in ADG among group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ （P〉0.05）. The fur area and the density of hair of groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were not significantly different than that of control （P〉0.05）. The content of serum zinc, AKP, ALB for groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly different than that of control （P〈0.05）. The serum TP and SUN in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV were not significantly different than that of control （P〉0.05）. The results show that dietary supplementation of Zn-Met is much more efficient than dietary without Zn-Met for 60-day-old Jirong rabbits.

Effect of Pelleted Total Mixed Ration with Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Fattening Hainan Black Goats

[Objective] This paper was to study effects of pelleted total mixed ration with different concentrate-roughage ratios on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of fattening Hainan black goats.[Method] Thirty-six fattening Hainan black goats with the same genetic background and similar initial weight of(14.08±0.13) kg were randomly assigned into three treatments. Goats were fed with Juncao + concentrate(control group), pelleted total mixed ration I(concentrate: roughage 50 ∶50, group Ⅰ) and Ⅱ(concentrate: roughage 45∶55, group Ⅱ), respectively. The test lasted 45 d.[Result] The final weight, daily gain and feed intake of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the final weight and daily gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ were also markedly higher than those of experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05);the feed/gain of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly lower than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). The feed gain cost of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was markedly lower than that in experimental group Ⅱ( P<0.05), but was significantly higher than that in experimental group Ⅰ(P<0.05);the gross profit of rams in experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than those in control group and experimental group Ⅱ(P<0.05). Compared with control group and experimental group Ⅱ, the serum total protein and glucose lev-els in experimental group Ⅱ increased significantly(P<0.05), but the urea nitrogen content reduced(P>0.05).[Conclusion] When the concentrateroughage ratio of pelleted total mixed ration was 50∶50, the fattening effect of Hainan black goat was better, and the serum total protein and glucose levels were evidently improved.

Effects of Crude Protein Level of Concentrate Supplement on Production Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters in Post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of crude protein level of concentrate supplement on production performance and serum biochemical parameters of post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle.[Method]Twelve Hainan Yellow Cattles with the same genetic backgrounds and similar initial weight of(168.13±0.55)kg were randomly divided into three treatments.Cattle were fed with concentrate supplement containing different levels of crude protein.The trial lasted 60 d.[Result]The daily gain of 17.56%crude protein group was significantly higher than those of 15.55%and 13.56%crude protein groups(P<0.05),and the gross profit of 17.56%crude protein group was markedly higher than that of 13.56%crude protein group(P<0.05),but the feed gain ratio of 17.56%crude protein group was significantly lower than that of 13.56%crude protein group(P<0.05).Compared with 15.55%and 13.56%crude protein groups,the serum total protein content markedly increased(P<0.05),but the urea nitrogen level significantly decreased(P<0.05).[Conclusion]When crude protein level of concentrate supplement was 17.56%,post-fattening Hainan Yellow Cattle could obtain better production performance.

Do Changes Occur in Hemodynamic Parameters, Hemogram, Renal Function and Serum Electrolytes during Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy? Its Correlation with Irrigation Fluid and Intravenous Fluid

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a standard minimally invasive urological procedure for the treatment of large renal calculi. It is also associated with complications arising from absorption of irrigation fluid and intravenous fluid injection. We evaluated the changes occurring in vital and blood parameters during PCNL using 0.9% normal saline (NS) as an irrigation fluid. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 71 patients who underwent PCNL in our hospital between 2016 and 2018. NS (0.9%) was used as irrigation fluid in all patients. Changes in hemodynamics, hemogram, renal function tests and serum electrolytes were noted and assessed for significance using paired t-test. These changes were correlated with ASA grade, BMI, total operating time, total irrigation fluid used and total intravenous fluid used using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: A significant fall in serum creatinine was present (1.30 ± 0.96 vs. 1.24 ± 0.93) along with a rise in eGFR (85.39 ± 24.10 vs. 90.18 ± 22.58). A significant rise in serum potassium (4.34 ± 0.45 vs. 4.5 ± 0.56) and chloride levels (104.79 ± 3.51 vs. 106.69 ± 3.14) post-operatively was noted. A significant rise in pulse rate (80.84 ± 10.13 vs. 87.76 ± 13.12) and systolic blood pressure (127.67 ± 15.90 vs. 136.88 ± 19.56) post-operatively was noted. There was no significant change noted in hemoglobin, PCV, platelets and serum sodium levels. Total operating time and irrigation fluid volume showed a positive correlation with changes in eGFR, serum chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. Intravenous fluids volume correlated positively with changes in serum potassium, chloride, post-operative pulse rate and blood pressure values. Conclusion: High amount of irrigation fluid absorption can cause early post-operative changes in patients’ hemodynamics and blood indices. Overzealous hydration during PCNL with potassium containing fluids can also lead to hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic acidosis. Thus, early post-operative monitoring of serum electrolytes should be done in all patients after PCNL to prevent complications arising from dyselectrolytemia.

Effects of Compound Acidifier on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Heat-stressed Wenchang Chickens

[Objective]The paper was to investigate the effects of compound acidifier on growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of heat-stressed Wenchang chickens.[Method]A total of 28881-day-old Wenchang chickens with the same genetic background and similar initial weight(985.63±20.35 g)were randomly divided into four groups,four replicates per group and 18 chickens per replicate.Birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 g/kg(control group),1 g/kg(groupⅠ),2 g/kg(groupⅡ)and 3 g/kg(groupⅢ)compound acidifier.The trial lasted 35 d.[Result]The daily gain of experimental groupⅠwas significantly higher than those of control group and groupⅢ(P<0.05),and the feed intake of experimental groupⅠwas also markedly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),but the feed gain ratio of experimental groupⅠwas significantly lower than that of groupⅢ(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the serum total protein and albumin levels of experimental groupⅠincreased(P>0.05),but the serum uric acid concentration decreased(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Supplementing 1 g/kg compound acidifier could improve the growth performance of heat-stressed Wenchang chickens.

The Effect of Yucca schidigera Extract on Ruminal Fermentation and Parameters Traits in Sheep

In a completely randomized block design experiment, 16 ruminally cannulated sheep （40 ±2.1 kg）fed a 50% concentrate： 50% forage diet （DM basis） were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera extract （YSE）. Doses of 0 （control）, 100, 200, or 300 mg kg^-1 diet were given at 8 p.m. and 4 a.m. On 15, 16, and 17 d of the experimental period, ruminal contents were sampled 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after dosing, and blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment （18th and 19th d）. Acidity was not affected （P〉0.05） by the addition of YSE. Compared with the control, ruminal propionate concentration was increased by 29.4 and 29.8% （P〉 0.05） and the acetic acid concentration was decreased by 15.1 and 19.8% （P〉0.05） at 4 and 6 h after YSE （300 mg kg^-1） dosing, respectively. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the first 2 h after feeding was higher （P〈0.05） in the sheep that did not receive YSE （increased by 17.57 mg 100 mL^-1） than in those that received 200 mg kg^-1（increased by 6.77 mg 100 mL^-1） or 300 mg kg^-1 （increased by 6.50 mg 100 mL^-1） YSE. Protozoan populations in the rumen were lower （P〈0.05） in the animals that received 300 mg kg^-1 of YSE compared with the control. All serum parameters of the four groups were in the normal range and were similar among the treatment groups （P 〉 0.05）, after being fed for 19 d with different doses of YSE. The effect of YSE on ruminal ammonia concentration likely resulted from a decreased concentration of protozoan populations and, presumably, from ammonia binding by YSE.

The succession of fecal bacterial community and its correlation with the changes of serum immune indicators in lambs from birth to 4 months

Early bacterial colonization and succession within the gastrointestinal tract have been suggested to be crucial in the development of host immunity.In this study,we have investigated the changes in live weight and concentrations of selected serum parameters in relation to their fecal bacterial communities as determined by high throughput sequencing of the 16S r RNA gene over the same period in lambs.The results showed that lambs’growth performance,the serum parameters,fecal bacterial community and fecal bacterial functions were all affected(P<0.05)by age of the lambs.Similarity within age groups of fecal microbiota was lower in the preweaning period and increased sharply(P<0.05)after weaning at 60 days.The similarity between the samples collected from birth to 90 days of age and those collected at 120 days of age,increased(P<0.05)sharply after 30 days of age.Some age-associated changes in microbial genera were correlated with the changes in concentrations of immune indicators,including negative(P<0.05)correlations between the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae UCG-010,Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group,Ruminococcaceae UCG-005,Ruminococcaceae UCG-009,Ruminococcaceae UCG-013,Ruminiclostridium 6,Ruminococcaceae UCG-008,and Oscillibacter with serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),D-lactate dehydrogenase(DLA),immunoglobulin(IgA,IgM,and IgG),and cytokines(interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-6,IL-12,and IL-17),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and the relative abundance of these genera increased from 45 days of age.In conclusion,these results suggested that the age-related abundances of particular genera were correlated with serum markers of immunity in lambs,and there might be a critical window in the period from birth to 45 days of age which provide an opportunity for potential manipulation of the fecal microbial ecosystems to enhance immune function.

Effects of early energy and protein restriction on growth performance, clinical blood parameters, carcass yield, and tibia parameters of broilers

financially supported by the Science and Technology Develop Project of Northern Jiangsu, China （BN2015136）;the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution, China

一种富含γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵饲料对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标及脂代谢的影响

为研究基础饲粮中添加不同比例富含γ-PGA的发酵饲料,对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和脂代谢的影响,试验选取71周龄的京红3号蛋鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别添加0.5%、2%和8%富含γ-PGA的发酵饲料替代部分基础饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,各试验组的平均蛋重增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05),破损+畸形蛋率下降,其中Ⅰ组较对照组下降52.6%(P<0.01);(2)各试验组的蛋黄颜色和蛋壳强度有增加趋势(P>0.05),Ⅰ组蛋黄丙二醛含量较对照组降低41.5%(P<0.01);(3)各试验组总蛋白、球蛋白和磷含量有增加趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清中钙含量分别较对照组下降16.5%、22.9%(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组葡萄糖含量较对照组分别下降36.6%、19.1%和17.4%(P<0.01),尿酸含量与对照无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)各试验组蛋鸡血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(T-CHO)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平下降,HDL-C含量升高,其中Ⅰ组T-CHO和TG分别下降34.4%和30.9%(P<0.05),Ⅰ、Ⅱ组HDL-C含量分别是对照组的5.13倍和9.31倍(P<0.05)。由此可见,产蛋后期蛋鸡的饲粮中加入适量的富含γ-PGA发酵饲料,可以增加平均蛋重、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳强度及血清中的磷含量,降低破损+畸形蛋率、蛋黄丙二醛和血清葡萄糖的含量,控制蛋鸡血清脂代谢,使血清甘油三酯和胆固醇维持在正常水平。因此,富含γ-PGA的发酵饲料具有作为饲料添加剂用于蛋鸡的潜力,且0.5%的添加量效果最佳。

北极狐、银狐血清生化指标的比较分析

为了比较冬毛期北极狐与银狐血清生化指标的差异,随机选择健康成年北极狐、银狐各80只(公、母各半),在打皮期采用腿静脉采血方法,并应用全自动生化分析仪,测定了北极狐和银狐的血清生化指标。结果表明,血清肝功能各指标总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(T.Bili)和直接胆红素(D.Bili)两物种间均差异极显著(P <0.01),除天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)(P=0.006)、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(GGT)(P=0.018 3)两指标在性别上有显著差异和ALP在年龄上有显著差异(P=0.014 5)外,其他各指标在年龄和性别上差异均不显著(P> 0.05);血清血脂功能指标中胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)两物种之间除ApoA1没有显著差异(P=0.892 9),其他各指标均有显著差异(P <0.05),在性别方面,除LDL-C没有显著差异(P=0.180 9)外,其他各指标均有显著差异(P <0.05);血清心肌类乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在性别方面没有显著差异(P> 0.05),血清心肌类肌酸激酶(CK)和肾功能肌酐(Cre)指标在两物种间及性别方面均有显著差异(P <0.05);血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、胆碱酯酶(CHE)在两物种之间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。北极狐与银狐的肝功能各指标均存在极显著的差异,北极狐与银狐的血脂指标除ApoA1外均存在显著或极显著差异。此外,血清肌酐银狐显著高于北极狐;银狐的血清肌酸激酶显著低于北极狐;血清乳酸脱氢酶北极狐显著低于银狐。

铍针结合三七散外敷治疗肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎疗效及对患者肌骨超声参数、血清炎症因子、肩关节功能的影响

目的:探讨铍针结合三七散外敷治疗肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎效果及对患者肌骨超声参数、血清炎症因子、肩关节功能的影响。方法:80例肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎患者随机分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组采用放射式冲击波治疗,观察组则实施铍针结合三七散外敷治疗,均连续治疗4周。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后两组患者疼痛情况[视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)、压痛阈值(PPTs)]、肩关节功能[Constant-Murley肩关节功能活动评分量表(CMS)]、肌骨超声参数(肌腱厚度、腱鞘厚度、积液最大径)、血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]的变化。结果:观察组患者临床疗效87.50%,明显高于对照组的67.50%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组VAS评分低于对照组,观察组PPTs值高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肌力、疼痛、肩关节活动度及功能评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组肌腱厚度、腱鞘厚度、积液水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组血清TNF-α、CRP、IL-6水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:铍针结合三七散外敷治疗肱二头肌长头腱鞘炎可提高临床效果,减轻患者疼痛,提高疼痛阈值,同时可降低患者血清炎症因子水平,改善肌骨超声参数和肩关节功能。

观察硫酸氢氯吡格雷片联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗脑梗死的疗效及对其血清特异性指标的影响

目的探究硫酸氢氯吡格雷片联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗脑梗死的疗效及对其血清特异性指标的影响,以丰富临床的理论依据。方法80例脑梗死患者,以随机平行对照法分成对照组(40例)和观察组(40例)。对照组采取硫酸氢氯吡格雷片治疗,观察组采取硫酸氢氯吡格雷片联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗。比较两组血清特异性指标(血清S100-β蛋白、CD40L)、脑循环血量参数(脑血管平均血流速度、血管外周阻力、血管特性阻抗)、神经营养[脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经生长因子(NGF)]水平、生活质量[脑卒中专用生活质量量表(SS-QOL)评分]及临床效果。结果观察组治疗总有效率90.00%比对照组的72.50%更高(P<0.05)。两组治疗后血清S100-β蛋白、CD40L水平比本组治疗前更低,且观察组血清S100-β蛋白(0.23±0.05)ng/ml、CD40L(9.69±1.34)μg/L比对照组的(0.41±0.12)ng/ml、(11.57±2.01)μg/L更低(P<0.05)。两组治疗后脑血管平均血流速度比本组治疗前更高,血管外周阻力、血管特性阻抗比本组治疗前更低,且观察组脑血管平均血流速度(11.60±5.22)cm/s高于对照组的(8.89±4.73)cm/s,血管外周阻力(2367.31±129.16)BSA、血管特性阻抗(3017.83±136.95)dyn·s/cm^(5)低于对照组的(2861.42±137.20)BSA、(4089.35±160.74)dyn·s/cm^(5)(P<0.05)。两组治疗后血清BDNF、NGF水平比本组治疗前更高,且观察组血清BDNF(4.35±0.83)ng/ml、NGF(138.36±18.92)pg/ml比对照组的(3.17±0.72)ng/ml、(126.53±19.09)pg/ml更高(P<0.05)。两组治疗后SS-QOL体能、活动能力、自理、社会角色、上肢功能、工作能力评分比本组治疗前更高,且观察组SS-QOL体能、活动能力、自理、社会角色、上肢功能、工作能力评分比对照组更高(P<0.05)。结论硫酸氢氯吡格雷片联合丁苯酞软胶囊可作为脑梗死疾病的有效治疗方案,其能够改善患者血清特异性指标的异常水平,提高神经营养水平,促进脑部血液循环,有助于早日康复。

饲粮蛋白水平和酿酒酵母对秦川肉牛血常规指标和氮磷代谢的影响

【目的】研究不同蛋白水平饲粮及酿酒酵母(SC)对秦川肉牛血液生理生化指标和氮磷代谢的影响。【方法】选择18头14月龄初始体质量为(298±9.78)kg/头、健康的秦川肉牛(母牛)作为试验动物,采用2种蛋白水平(13.23%(A1)和(10.59%(A2))饲粮和3种酿酒酵母添加水平(0(B1),4×10^(8) CFU/kg(B2),8×10^(8) CFU/kg(B3))作为两因素进行饲喂试验。采用全收粪(尿)法测定各处理秦川肉牛粪便和尿液中的氮磷含量,试验结束时于晨饲前采用颈静脉穿刺法采血,测定血常规指标和酶活性,试验期55 d。【结果】①试验期11~55 d,饲粮中添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg SC显著提高了秦川肉牛的采食量(P<0.05),A1B3组秦川肉牛采食量最高,显著高于A1B1组(P<0.05)。②B3组秦川肉牛血清中甘油三酯含量显著低于B1组(P<0.05),A2B3组秦川肉牛血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量均显著高于A2B1组(P<0.05)。③B3组秦川肉牛粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的表观消化率较B1组分别显著提高了8.44%和16.90%(P<0.05),A2B3组秦川肉牛的粗蛋白、有机物和酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率最高。④与A2B1组相比,A2B3组秦川肉牛粪氮排放减少了31.28%,尿氮排放减少了19.67%,氮消化率提高了7.66%,氮沉积率提高了62.57%。⑤B2和B3组秦川肉牛的粪磷含量显著低于B1组,A2B3组秦川肉牛磷消化率、磷沉积率相较于A2B1组显著升高了35.96%和45.94%(P<0.05)。【结论】本试验条件下,添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg酿酒酵母能够提高秦川肉牛的采食量、免疫水平和营养成分消化率,减少氮磷排放。在10.59%粗蛋白水平下,饲粮添加8×10^(8) CFU/kg酿酒酵母饲喂秦川肉牛效果最好。

辣椒秸秆及其不同处理的青贮对羔羊饲喂效果评价

本试验通过研究辣椒秸秆及不同添加剂处理的青贮辣椒秸秆替代苜蓿干草对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢、瘤胃发酵及血清生化指标的影响,旨在评价其营养价值和饲喂效果。试验选取24只4月龄、体重为(31.13±1.63)kg的萨福克公羔羊,随机分成4组,每组6只。对照组(CK组)饲喂含15%苜蓿干草的饲粮,试验组则分别以风干辣椒秸秆(PS组)、植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌青贮辣椒秸秆(LP+BS组)和植物乳杆菌+糖蜜青贮辣椒秸秆(LP+M组)替代饲粮中全部的苜蓿干草。预试期10 d,正试期50 d。结果显示:1)PS组的平均干物质日采食量显著低于CK、LP+BS和LP+M组(P<0.05),平均日增重显著低于CK、LP+BS组(P<0.05),料重比显著高于CK、LP+BS组(P<0.05),而CK、LP+BS和LP+M组之间平均日干物质采食量、平均日增重和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)PS组干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著低于CK、LP+BS和LP+M组(P<0.05),粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于LP+BS组(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著低于CK、LP+BS组(P<0.05),而CK、LP+BS和LP+M组之间DM、CP、NDF、ADF和EE表观消化率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)PS组瘤胃液pH显著高于LP+BS和LP+M组(P<0.05),氨态氮浓度显著高于CK、LP+BS和LP+M组(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸、丁酸浓度显著低于CK、LP+BS和LP+M组(P<0.05),乙酸浓度显著低于CK、LP+BS组(P<0.05);瘤胃液丙酸浓度4组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。4)除LP+BS组血清尿素氮含量显著低于CK、PS和LP+M组(P<0.05)外,4组之间其他血清生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上可知,添加植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌或植物乳杆菌+糖蜜制备的青贮辣椒秸秆可替代饲粮中全部苜蓿干草饲喂羔羊,且以植物乳杆菌+枯草芽孢杆菌青贮辣椒秸秆的饲喂效果更好。