基于Web of Science(科学引文索引数据库)核心合集收录的160篇论文,运用CiteSpace(可视化文献分析软件)进行可视化分析,探求国外服刑人员未成年子女研究的现状和发展脉络。当前国外服刑人员未成年子女研究大致可分为萌芽期(1990年至2000...基于Web of Science(科学引文索引数据库)核心合集收录的160篇论文,运用CiteSpace(可视化文献分析软件)进行可视化分析,探求国外服刑人员未成年子女研究的现状和发展脉络。当前国外服刑人员未成年子女研究大致可分为萌芽期(1990年至2000年)、起步期(2001年至2010年)、发展期(2011年至今)三个阶段。研究机构呈现分散的状态,多为独立研究,各机构之间的合作较少。研究的主题和热点为父母服刑对其子女的影响、对策建议,服刑人员未成年子女心理问题的干预研究。今后的研究应关注该群体心理创伤影响及创伤的干预治疗。展开更多
Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experien...Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.展开更多
文摘基于Web of Science(科学引文索引数据库)核心合集收录的160篇论文,运用CiteSpace(可视化文献分析软件)进行可视化分析,探求国外服刑人员未成年子女研究的现状和发展脉络。当前国外服刑人员未成年子女研究大致可分为萌芽期(1990年至2000年)、起步期(2001年至2010年)、发展期(2011年至今)三个阶段。研究机构呈现分散的状态,多为独立研究,各机构之间的合作较少。研究的主题和热点为父母服刑对其子女的影响、对策建议,服刑人员未成年子女心理问题的干预研究。今后的研究应关注该群体心理创伤影响及创伤的干预治疗。
文摘Racial discrimination remains a prevalent issue in the contemporary U.S.despite efforts to promote equality.Many young African American and Hispanic males are easy target for law enforcement agents.Minorities experience a higher and more unfair form of racial discrimination,racial profiling,police brutality,unfair sentencing,and mass incarceration for offences which are the same or less than those committed by White males.The rate of incarceration in the United States is five to eight times higher than most developed countries,and Black males constitute the largest percentage of inmates in the U.S.prison system.Once arrested,Black Americans are more likely to remain in prison longer,and await trial for minor offenses at a higher rate than Whites.Black and Latino males sentenced in state and federal courts face significantly greater odds of incarceration than White offenders for the same or even higher crimes.Vagins and McCurdy in a 2006 ACLU on“cracks in the system”reported that“There is no rational medical or penological reason for the 100:1 disparity between crack and powder cocaine and instead it causes an unjustified racial disparity in our penal system”(p.7).There is a racial disparity in the proportion of Black males in prison serving sentences of life without the possibility of parole(LWOP).In addition,The United States Criminal Justice System needs to be carefully examined as a top priority agenda needing immediate call of action that needs reform to guarantee the constitutional rights accorded to every American“with liberty and justice for all”.
