An Investigation Into the Needs and Challenges of County-Level Family Education Guidance Services and Corresponding Improvement Measures

The delivery of targeted family education guidance services is essential for establishing a three-in-one education model that encompasses families,schools,and communities.It is also the key to creating a favorable educational environment that promotes the comprehensive and healthy development of individual students.To gain a comprehensive understanding of family education characteristics and trends in Chinese counties,accurately tap into the educational needs of parents,and effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in family education guidance services,this paper employed a quantitative research method based on a questionnaire survey and interview data from J district of C city after years of continuous monitoring of the quality of family education in the area,aiming to explore these issues and put forward several suggestions for improvement.The results indicate that the family learning environment and atmosphere in the district are generally favorable,while parental educational competence requires further improvement.Parents express a strong desire for interactive,systematic,and fragmented family education guidance from schools.Most parents acknowledge the significance of receiving guidance on family education,yet they are disinclined to actively engage in learning-related activities.While the operational mechanisms of county-level family education guidance services have been continuously improved,there is a need for greater overall coordination.Furthermore,the potential of school-led family education guidance services has yet to be fully tapped,and the scientific and professional standards of such guidance need to be further enhanced.Based on the aforementioned findings,we propose recommendations for improvement.Using J district’s effective improvement practices in management,curriculum,and teams as an example,we intend to explore practical ways to promote county-level family education guidance services and provide a valuable reference for the establishment of a comprehensive and effective system to improve such services.

Satisfaction of Village Doctors with the Township and Village Health Services Integration Policy in the Western Minority-inhabited Areas of China

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management（TVHSIM） is an essential form of China＇s two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level. Its main purpose, also one of the target goals in China＇s new healthcare reform, is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources. This study aims to assess the village doctors＇ satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM. A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed. Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors＇ personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales. Village doctors with different years of practice, social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels（all P〈0.05）. Age（P〈0.05） and years of practice（P〈0.01） were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management. Essential medical knowledge level（P〈0.05） was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well. However, social insurance status（P〈0.05） was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management. Gender, age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors＇ satisfaction with TVHSIM（P〈0.01）. In conclusion, in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China, a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed. In addition, the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced. Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

A family nurse-led intervention for reducing health services’utilization in individuals with chronic diseases:The ADVICE pilot study

Objectives:Intensive health services'utilization is common in older individuals affected by chronic diseases.This study assessed whether a structured family nurse-led educational intervention would be effective in reducing health services'use(readmissions and/or emergency service access)among older people affected by chronic conditions.Methods:This is a non-randomized before-after pilot study.A sample of 78 patients was recruited from two general practices in Italy and 70 among them were followed for 8 months.Standard home care was provided during the first four months'period(months 1-4),followed by the educational intervention until the end of the study(months 5-8).The intervention,based on the teach-back method,consisted of by-weekly 60-min home sessions targeting aspects of the disease and its treatment,potential complications,medication adherence,and health behaviours.Rates of health services'use were collected immediately before(T0),and after the interventions(T1).Differences in utilization rates were examined by the McNemar's test.Potential factors associated with the risk of health services'use were explored with a Cox proportional hazard regression model.Results:The sample(n=78)was predominantly female(n=50,64.1%),and had a mean age of 76.2(SD=4.8)years.Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent disease(n=27,34.6%).McNemar's test indicated a significant reduction in health services'use at T1(McNemar χ^(2)==28.03,P<0.001).Cox regressions indicated that time and patient education,as well as their interaction,were the only variables positively associated with the probability of health services'use.Conclusion:A teach-back intervention led by a family nurse practitioner has the potential to reduce health services'use in older patients with chronic diseases.

Induced abortion in China and the advances of post abortion family planning service

This is a review of current situation of induced abortion and post abortion family planning service in China. Induced abortion is an important issue in reproductive health. This article reviewed the distribution of induced abortion in various time, areas, and population in China, and explored the character, reason, and harm to reproductive health of induced abortion.Furthermore, this article introduces the concept of Quality of Care Program in Family Planning,and discusses how important and necessary it is to introduce Quality of Care Program in Family Planning to China.

How do family doctors choose their own family doctor?

Background and objectives: The medical care that doctors receive is different than that of individuals who are not in the medical profession. The objective was to assess how family doctors in the Negev region chose their own doctors. Methods: 103 family doctors in the southern region of Israel completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that included sociodemographic data and how doctors choose their own doctors. Results: The study population included 103 family doctors with a mean age of 44.7±9.8, of them 65 women (63.1%). Most of the participants (69.9%) were born in the former Soviet Union and completed their medical studies there (71.8%). Thirty two (31.4%) were specialists in family medicine and 42 (41.2%) were residents in family medicine. For most of the participants the gender and age of their treating physician were not important (74.8% and 63.1%, respectively). The treating physician’s level of expertise was very important to 87.4%. Only half consulted a colleague before choosing a physician. Their personal connection to the treating physician was very important to 46 (44.7%). Female doctors were more likely to choose a female physician com-pared to males (P=0.025). Residents were more likely to consult a colleague than specialists before choosing a treating physician (P=0.023). Female doctors are more likely than male to care for themselves both for chronic and acute conditions. Conclusions: Choosing a treating physician is a subjective process with each doctor having individual requirements and ex-pectations. The factors that most influenced the choice of treating physician were professional skills and specialization.

Perceived barriers on mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness

Background:Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to improve mental health services.In 2014,the government established Law no 18,which is about mental health and the treatment of people with mental illness covered by the universal health coverage.However,many people still experience difficulty in accessing mental health services.In Indonesia,family plays the role ofa caregiver to people with mental illness.Objective:This study aims to identify the perceived barriers on mental health services by families whose members suffers from mental illness.Methods:This study is a qualitative research study with a phenomenological approach.Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling with a sample size of 12 participants.Data were collected using semistructured in-depth interviews.Thematic analysis was performed using Colaizzi steps.Results:The obtained results presented three themes.Theme 1,mental health service affordability;theme 2,mental health service availability;and theme 3,negative attitudes (stigma).Conclusion:Families whose members suffered from mental illness still experienced barriers in relation to mental health services even with universal health coverage,Improved mental health services are related to the health insurance coverage,affordability,availability of mental health services and stigma reduction in the health professionals and wide community.

Assessment of Clients Satisfaction in Family Planning Service Delivery in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Client satisfaction is considered as one of the desired outcomes of health care service delivery and it is directly related to the utilization of any health services. The family planning clinic remains one of the important health care delivery outlets where client satisfaction guarantees continuation of usage, hence this study. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the determinants of client satisfaction with the family planning (FP) services provided in Port Harcourt. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive prospective cross-sectional study conducted between 18th of June 2018 and 18th of July 2018. The target population is women of reproductive age group (15 - 49) who visited 11 randomly selected family planning health facilities in Port Harcourt during the study period. A set of exit interviewer-administered questionnaire (pretested for reliability and validity) was used for data collection from a sample size of 195 respondents;and analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Standard deviation was used for continuous variable while categorical variables were presented in simple percentages and frequencies. The P value was set at <0.05 and confidence interval was 95%. Results: Age range 30 - 39 years constituted the largest proportion of 51.3%. A large proportion of the women (87.2%) expressed satisfaction with FP services provided. All respondents said the facilities were easily accessible, clean and were treated respectfully. However, only about half of the clients (51.3%) received their chosen contraceptive product after 1 hour. Conclusion: A huge proportion of family planning clients expressed satisfaction with family planning service delivery in Port Harcourt;not minding the longer waiting time. Implication of this is continued use and by implication improved contraceptive prevalence.

An Analysis of Employment-promoting Effects of Employment Service Policies-Based on Family Development

This paper aims at improving the employmentpromoting effects of employment service policies(ESP) to enhance family development. Based on process evaluation methods of public policy, there are three positive effects of ESP, but despite these effects we cannot overrate the performance of ESP. The problem is the double segmentation between urban and rural areas as well as among different regions, the poor basic fund, and the deviation of positioned policy support objects. Hence, China should regulate ESP as soon as possible to benefit family development.

Research Progress on Job Burnout of Family Doctors

Job burnout is an important factor affecting the work attitude and professional behavior of family doctors.This paper reviews the measurement tools,influencing factors and intervention strategies of job burnout,it is suggested that improving job burnout can improve job satisfaction,work efficiency and reduce turnover intention of family doctors,and it is of great significance to the construction of family doctor team and the improvement of work quality.

Problems in Nursing Service in Shanghai Single-Child Families and Countermeasures

It has been 30 years since the family planning policy had been implemented in the last 1970s. Today, the first generation of only child has already reached thirties and their parents have entered into old age so that they may confront such a dilemma situation in which they should not only look after their own child but also take care of their parents. The paper find the different demand of the aging people in different type of family through the site investigation about pension service demand in three different kinds of communities in Cao Hejing. The survey mainly make a statistical analysis in economic situation, life care and emotional solace through the on-site questionnaire and interview, finding the particularity of the only child family, sorting out the best pension service strategy for the one-child family through the analysis research and the reference of international practice.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.

The present situation and policy recommendations of Shanghai family service industry

To develop Shanghai family service industry urgently is for the construction of livable city. Surveys are found that there are quite a lot of problems of Shanghai family services ,such as structural imbalance between supply and demand, industry market chaos, staff career development space is limited, imperfect industry standards, relevant laws and regulations is not sound and so on. To start with, Shanghai family service standard system should be made to strengthen the family service personnel vocational training and job evaluation, and for the establishment and implementation of the ＂family service personnel vocational level system＂, it also increases policy support to the ＂employees＂ enterprise and to build the linkage supervision mechanism of industry associations and government departments to promote the standardization of the Shanghai family service development.

The Matching Status of Community Family-Care Service Supply and Demand in Shanghai

Shanghai has entered the depth of the current population aging stage, pure old home, and the empty nest family, lonely elderly people are gradually increasing, the elderly how to provide has become an issue concern in public society. However, with the developing of economic and society, the traditional family＇ s structure and function is gradually being weaken, and the traditional idea of raising children for old age is deeply rooted, elderly people are reluctant to leave their original place. So community family-care is becoming the main endowment way. However, there is a big problem in the quantity and quality of service which is supplied by community, the project that a lot of elderly people really needs, the community does not provide, and some projects are now offered to elderly people, the quality still can not fully to meet the needs of older persons. Those problems are urgently need to be solved. This study aims to know the current status of community family-care in Shanghai, starting from the needs of older persons to allocate the community resources rationally, further improve the quality of the pension service, protect the interests of the elderly.

Reform and Reconstruction of the Rural Elderly Care Service System in the New Era

With decades of hard work,socialism with Chinese characteristics has crossed the threshold into a new era.The transformation of the principal contradiction in the new era has imposed new and higher requirements on the rural elderly care service system.However,the current service system based on welfare-multiplex and urban community environment is often difficult to operate in the rural areas of central and western China.And the urban home care service for the aged is inappropriate to the rural reality;community service for the aged faces difficulties in practice;institution care for the aged develops slowly;the synergy among different elderly care service models is poor.Through observing the rural areas of central and western China in the field for a long time,this paper proposes to build the rural elderly care service system based on family supporting,supported by community mutual assistance care,supplemented by institution care for the aged,combined with medical care,and localized with diversified forms for targeted groups according to different realities.And the system should follow the fundamental guidance of development-oriented family policy,adhere to the governance mode of multiple subjects with one core and respect rural reality,which could provide a feasible way for the reform and reconstruction of the rural elderly care service system.

Paying for Environmental Services

The Amazonian economic occupation over the last forty years has been extremely harmful to the environment and to the traditional populations. One of the strategies to overcome this difficulty, dealing with sustainable development, is the development of productive units—starting with non-timber forest products (NTFP)—and the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) for the residents and/or owners of forest areas. The main problem which the literature demonstrates is that the estimated values paid for the PES are rather high, because they use the opportunity cost as reference, not considering the family reproduction social cost. The main aim of this study is to provide an alternative forecast of the value to be paid for the environmental services (PES) for the Amazon forest, based on the real costs of the forest communities maintenance, as based on the real economic needs of rural family production in the “Chico Mendes” Extractive Reserve (RESEX), in Xapuri (Acre state), Brazil. It was used a specific methodology, developed regionally, which measured and provided indicators to evaluate and to analyze the economic evolution of those families over the last decade. Based on the needs of family reproduction, the calculations require that the minimum value for PES should be US$13 per hectare, a far lower and more appropriate value than the literature’s average propositions that is around US$50 per hectare. The present paper estimates that the costs of the PES in the Chico Mendes RESEX would be approximately US$5,767,000 per year—taking into account the average area per family.

Zibo MATO village public health service development present situation and problem analysis

Rural public health services in the relationship of farmers＇ quality of life and health, and the farmers＇ interests is closely related to the public, is very important to build a new socialist countryside. In national attention and support of the rural public health services in the development of big situation, based on the zibo MATO village as an example, the public health service development present situation has carried on the brief analysis, and describes the Jane MATO village problems of public health service.

Study on the Relationship between Psychological Stress and Doctor-Patient Relationship of Cancer Patients and Their Families

Objective: To research the relationship between psychological stress and doctor-patient relationship of cancer patients and their families. Methods: The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, and PDRQ-15, pcl-c, SAS and SDS scales were selected as evaluation indexes, and the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine were compared between the patients diagnosed with PTSD cancer and those without PTSD. Results: 1) The total score of PCL-C, SAS, SDS, PDRQ-15 scale of the cancer patients and their families after the intervention of clinical psychological care was significantly lower than that of before intervention and the control group. 2) The correlation coefficients between PCL-C, SAS, SDS and PDRQ-15 of cancer patients and their relatives were 0.971, 0.952 and 0.939 respectively. The significant test P value was less than 0.05 and the difference was statistically significant. 3) The plasma levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in cancer patients under stress were significantly higher than those in cancer patients without stress (P Conclusion: After psychological Intervention of cancer patients and their families, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and doctor-patient relationship were all improved.

The Development of Community-Based Family Healthcare: A Cross-Sectional Study in Haidian, Beijing, China

The outbreak of Covid-19 affects China’s health delivery system, and the current status of primary health services after the Covid-19 pandemic is not yet clear. To further explore the current status of demands of family health services, we conducted a cross-sectional survey, in the community of Haidian District, Beijing. Chi-square test analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors influencing residents’ demands for family healthcare services. Results show that population of married (OR = 3.108), living with parents (OR = 2.171), degree of Junior high school and above (OR = 7.250) and high school (OR = 7.670), Annual income: 0 - 56,000 (OR = 3.680) and 72,001 - 88,000 (OR = 1.690) have significant demands for family health care. The approach to building primary health services in Haidian District is worth promoting, but it is also important to pay attention to the health inequalities that can occur when patients are moved down to the grassroots level. .