Set pair three-way overlapping community discovery algorithm for weighted social internet of things

There are many problems in Social Internet of Things(IoTs),such as complex topology information,different degree of association between nodes and overlapping communities.The idea of set pair information grain computing and clustering is introduced to solve the above problems so as to accurately describe the similarity between nodes and fully explore the multi-community structure.A Set Pair Three-Way Overlapping Community Discovery Algorithm for Weighted Social Internet of Things(WSIoT-SPTOCD)is proposed.In the local network structure,which fully considers the topological information between nodes,the set pair connection degree is used to analyze the identity,difference and reverse of neighbor nodes.The similarity degree of different neighbor nodes is defined from network edge weight and node degree,and the similarity measurement method of set pair between nodes based on the local information structure is proposed.According to the number of nodes'neighbors and the connection degree of adjacent edges,the clustering intensity of nodes is defined,and an improved algorithm for initial value selection of k-means is proposed.The nodes are allocated according to the set pair similarity between nodes and different communities.Three-way community structures composed of a positive domain,boundary domain and negative domain are generated iteratively.Next,the overlapping node set is generated according to the calculation results of community node membership.Finally,experiments are carried out on artificial networks and real networks.The results show that WSIoT-SPTOCD performs well in terms of standardized mutual information,overlapping community modularity and F1.

A hybrid particle swarm optimization approach with neural network and set pair analysis for transmission network planning

Transmission network planning (TNP) is a large-scale, complex, with more non-linear discrete variables and the multi-objective constrained optimization problem. In the optimization process, the line investment, network reliability and the network loss are the main objective of transmission network planning. Combined with set pair analysis (SPA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), neural network (NN), a hybrid particle swarm optimization model was established with neural network and set pair analysis for transmission network planning (HPNS). Firstly, the contact degree of set pair analysis was introduced, the traditional goal set was converted into the collection of the three indicators including the identity degree, difference agree and contrary degree. On this bases, using shi(H), the three objective optimization problem was converted into single objective optimization problem. Secondly, using the fast and efficient search capabilities of PSO, the transmission network planning model based on set pair analysis was optimized. In the process of optimization, by improving the BP neural network constantly training so that the value of the fitness function of PSO becomes smaller in order to obtain the optimization program fitting the three objectives better. Finally, compared HPNS with PSO algorithm and the classic genetic algorithm, HPNS increased about 23% efficiency than THA, raised about 3.7% than PSO and improved about 2.96% than GA.

Entropy-Based Set Pair Analysis Model on Geological Disaster Risk for Military Engineering

Measuring the geological disaster-risked situation, is a typical non-deterministic decision-making issue in disaster pre- vention and emergency response science for military engineering. Based on the given geological disaster risk analysis mechanism, geological disaster risk monitoring matrix was established, and risk characters’ value was obtained by mining the hidden information in the monitoring matrix with Entropy theory;with Identity, Discrepancy, and Contrary of Set Pair Analysis and distance measurement, geological disaster-risked model was erected for military engineering, and the steps were given for measuring geological disaster risk, which determined geological disaster-risked SPA force and order relationship of military engineering. Finally, case showed that model has the feasibility and effectiveness over measuring the geological disaster-risked situation for military engineering.

Decision Support System Based on Set Pair Analysis and Its Application

The paper has made a comparison among some decision models of G-DSS.Based on Set Pair Analysis,it integrates the advantages and shortcomings of decision models of G-DSS and puts forward SP-DSS.Furthermore,the principle of SP-DSS to make decision as well as its application to diagnose sick systems is expounded,and the program flow chart of SP-DSS is presented.

Debris Flow Hazard Assessment Using Set Pair Analysis Models:Take Beichuan County as an Example

Assessment of debris flow hazards is important for developing measures to mitigate the loss of life and property and to minimize environmental damage. Two modified uncertainty models, Set Pair Analysis(SPA) and modified Set Pair Analysis(mSPA), were suggested to assess the regional debris flow hazard. A case study was conducted in seven towns of the Beichuan county,Sichuan Province, China, to test and compare the application of these two models in debris flow hazard assessment. The results showed that mSPA only can fit for value-variables, but not for non value-variable assessment indexes, Furthermore, as for a given assessment index xi, mSPA only considers two cases,namely, when grade value increases with xi and when grade value decreases with xi. Thus, mSPA can not be used for debris flow hazard assessment but SPA is credible for the assessment because there are no limitations when using SPA model to assess the debris flow hazard. Therefore, in this study SPA is proposed for assessing debris flow hazard.

Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Reservoir Operation Based on Improved Set Pair Analysis

A comprehensive evaluation model based on improved set pair analysis is established. Considering the complexity in decision-making process, the model combines the certainties and uncertainties in the schemes, i.e., identical degree, different degree and opposite degree. The relations among different schemes are studied, and the traditional way of solving uncertainty problem is improved. By using the gray correlation to determine the difference degree, the problem of less evaluation indexes and inapparent linear relationship is solved. The difference between the evaluation parameters is smaller in both the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and fuzzy matter-element method, and the dipartite degree of the evaluation result is unobvious. However, the difference between each integrated connection degree is distinct in the improved set pair analysis. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and it obtains better effects than the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy matter-element method.

Application of dynamic set-pair analysis in coal and gas outburst prediction

Analyzed the factors which affected the coal and gas outburst,then established the corresponding indicator system.Built a dynamic set-pair analysis prediction model which combined of Markov model and set-pair analysis model,and then it applied to coal and gas outburst prediction.Finally,compared the prediction results with the actual results As provided a reference to the coalmine in safety decision-making.The research results indicate that there are four districts in high dangerous level,two districts in middle level and one district in low level,which consistent with the actual situation;the dynamic set-pair analysis model has a good effect in predicting coal and gas outburst.Especially in the continuous time intervals,according to the data of mined exploration and the connec- tion degree analysis,we can deduce the dangerous levels of unexplored districts from the historical data.In different districts,the relevant indicators can be adjusted accordingly,so as to enhance the accuracy of the prediction.

A Research for Regional Contribution Rate of Internal Source and External Source of PM_(2.5) Based on Set Pair Analysis Method

A problem of the air pollution control in China is getting to know a regional contribution rate of internal and external source of PM2.5. In this paper,Set Pair Analysis（ SPA） method is proposed to calculate the contribution rate of PM2.5in Dongguan City. Due to geographic,meteorological factors and the low concentration of air pollutants in Qingxi area,the PM2.5in this place is mainly contributed by the regional transport of air pollutants from other inside areas of Dongguan,and less affected by the outside of Dongguan. So the concentration of PM2.5in Qingxi area can reflect the Dongguan＇s basic background concentration of PM2.5. On the basis of the basic background concentration,firstly the concentration of each pollutant components is divided into the internal part and the mixed part. Secondly using the source apportionment samples of five monitoring sites in Dongguan we can respectively construct a sample set A and an evaluation set B. Thirdly the SPA is operated onto the mixed part in terms of set B.At last the connection degree between the concentration of each pollutant components and external source and internal source will be calculated,that is the contribution rate. The research reveals that the contribution rate of internal source and external source of PM2.5in Dongguan City is 83%and 17% respectively,which roughly met expectations. This method is simple and effective and it can provide a reference for the government taking reduction measures to control PM2.5pollutants emission.

Efficiency Evaluation for the Annual Equipment Maintenance Based on Set Pair Analysis

Most traditional assessment methods, which have complicated mathematic formulas,are difficult for calculation and application in system efficiency evaluation. A new approach to annual equipment maintenance system efficiency assessment,the set pair analysis method( SPAM),has been proposed based on the principle of set pair analysis( SPA). Firstly,the evaluation index system of the annual equipment maintenance is proposed. Secondly,the evaluation model of the annual equipment maintenance efficiency based on the SPAM is built. Then the application processes of the SPAM are introduced. At the end of the paper,a real application example is given. The results of the application indicate that the proposed model is feasible and effective. It can give strong supports to improve the evaluation effect of the unit equipment maintenance support.

Optimal Selection Model of Equipment Design Scheme Based on Set Pair Analysis

Selecting the optimal one from similar schemes is a paramount work in equipment design.In consideration of similarity of schemes and repetition of characteristic indices,the theory of set pair analysis(SPA)is proposed,and then an optimal selection model is established.In order to improve the accuracy and flexibility,the model is modified by the contribution degree.At last,this model has been validated by an example,and the result demonstrates the method is feasible and valuable for practical usage.

Estimation of the Population Mean Using Paired Ranked Set Sampling

In the situation where the sampling units in a study can be easily ranked than quantified, the ranked set sampling methods are found to be more efficient and cost effective as compared to SRS. In this paper we propose an estimator of the population mean using paired ranked set sampling (RSS) method. The proposed estimator is an unbiased estimator of the population mean when the set size is even. In case of odd set size the estimator is unbiased when the underlying distribution is symmetric. It is shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than its counterpart SRS method for all distributions considered in this study.

Application of Ordinal Set Pair Analysis in Annual Rainfall Prediction of Liao River Basin

[Objective] The research aimed to study the application of ordinal set pair analysis in the annual precipitation prediction of Liao River basin.[Method] The ordinal theory was introduced into the set pair analysis modeling,and the prediction model of set pair analysis was improved.A kind of rainfall prediction model based on the ordinal set pair analysis (OSPA) was put forward.The time sequence of annual rainfall in the hydrological rainfall station of Liao River basin during 1956-2006 was the research objective.The annual rainfall during 1998-2006 was predicted by the model,and the error analysis was given.[Result] In the relative errors of predicted results by ordinal set pair analysis,there were six relative errors within 5%,which occupied 66.7% of the total prediction number.One relative error was during 5%-10%,which occupied 11.1% of the total prediction number.Two relative errors were during 10%-15%,which occupied 22.2% of the total prediction number.All the relative errors were less than 20%,which met the precision requirement of annual rainfall prediction in Forecast Specification of Hydrological Information.[Conclusion] The rainfall prediction based on the ordinal set pair analysis model had high precision,and the prediction result was ideal.It was suitable for the annual rainfall prediction.

A Project Risk Ranking Approach Based on Set Pair Analysis

Set Pair Analysis (SPA) is a new methodology to describe and process system uncertainty. It is different from stochastic or fuzzy methods in reasoning and operation, and it has been applied in many areas recently. In this paper, the application of SPA in risk ranking is presented, which includes review of risk ranking, introduction of Connecting Degree (CD) that is a key role in SPA., Arithmetic and Tendency Grade (TG) of CDs, and a risk ranking approach proposed. Finally a case analysis is presented to illustrate the reasonability of this approach. It is found that this approach is very convenient to operate, while the ranking result is more comprehensible.

Ecological and Economic System Health Assessment Based on Fuzzy Set Pair Analysis:A Case Study of Northwest Region,China

Due to the increasingly serious environmental pollution and destruction,especially humans' unreasonable activities,the ecological and economic system(EES) issues of Northwest region in China have attracted more and more attention of the researchers.Aiming at evaluating its ecological and economic system health,a multi-objective evaluation framework called PressureState-Response(PSR) was established to describe the ecological and economic health situations.Meanwhile,an integrative set pair model combining set pair analysis(SPA) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP) was proposed to assess the ecological and economic system.Then the EES status of five northwest provinces(Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia and Xinjiang) of Northwest region in China was evaluated during 1985 to 2009.The EES development trends of five provinces are obtained.In general,the health values of five provinces showed a rising trend.The health values of five provinces grew rapidly during 1985 to 2000.After 2000,the health values of five provinces still followed the present growth trend,but the growth is relatively smooth.The results show that the method proposed is effective for assessing the health of ecological and economic system.

A Generalization about Congruent Pairs on a Set

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基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法

为综合判断在区域水利高质量发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相互作用下区域水资源-经济社会-生态环境复合系统不断协同优化的系统高质量发展水平状态,构建了由发展目标、发展途径和发展条件3个子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展初步评价指标体系。为定量分析初步评价指标体系的专家咨询信息,根据专家指标排序合理性模糊关系的取值区间特点提出了相对联系数,用相对联系数的平均集对势估计各专家指标排序合理性的权重,进而可得各指标重要性的专家综合排序值,据此筛选初步评价指标体系,构建了基于相对联系数的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系筛选方法(SM-RCN)。SM-RCN在陕西省的应用结果表明:筛选后的指标体系汇聚了各专家对区域水利高质量发展主要影响指标的综合评判;SM-RCN可克服评价指标体系构建过程缺乏定量分析依据的不足,可识别不同专家、同一专家对不同评价方面的指标排序合理性的程度。该筛选方法在区域水利现代化、水资源空间均衡、水资源承载力等评价指标体系构建过程中具有应用前景。

水资源集对系统中的对立关系分析

水资源集对系统中同一项和对立项构成的对立关系是水资源集对分析辩证思维的集中体现,是构建集对系统联系数的基石。通过五种常见对立关系类型的概念解析与其应用之间对应关系的分析,以及面向五类对立关系的水资源集对系统差异项不确定性分析,在对立关系复杂、深刻的涵义方面取得了一些新的认识:在水资源集对系统中常见的反比型、互斥型、正负型、互补型和虚实型对立关系可分别由模糊、随机、涨落、分配和存在型不确定性对应产生并进行分析计算;在集对系统中最基本的对立关系是反比型、互斥型对立关系,对应的模糊性、随机性是事件发生的内容性质、事件发生的结果数量方面的不确定性;差异项不确定性的变化是导致联系数中同异反三类关系变化的原因,是“一分为三”辩证思维的一种典型展开,反映了量变到质变的转化规律;在差异项表征的五类不确定性中最常见的是模糊不确定性,模糊不确定性变量的运算可通过随机模拟技术转化为随机不确定性变量的运算。模糊和随机的不确定性分析分别注重物理内涵解析和数学定量计算,这反映了水资源集对分析学科属于计算思维领域,对进一步推动模糊水文学、随机水文学、水资源集对分析、结构水资源学等学科发展无疑具有明显的启发作用和指导意义。

基于集对分析的区域水利高质量发展评价方法

基于发展目标、发展途径、发展条件相作用形成的区域水利高质量发展系统结构和相对联系数的指标体系筛选方法,构建了由59个评价指标、11个发展方面、3个发展子系统组成的区域水利高质量发展评价指标体系;利用专家咨询和遗传层次分析法确定各指标权重,采用集对分析计算指标、方面、子系统和样本4个层次与区域水利高质量发展评价标准集对间的联系数,应用减法集对势判断4个层次区域水利高质量发展状态,建立了基于集对分析的区域水利高质量发展评价方法(SPA-HDEM),并将其应用于陕西省2020年10个地市的水利高质量发展评价中。结果表明:西安水利高质量发展状态处于中等偏较高等级,咸阳、汉中、渭南、安康、宝鸡、榆林均处于中等等级,延安、商洛、铜川均处于较低偏中等等级;非陕南的7个地市的发展条件均不佳,10个地市的发展途径均相对较低;各地市处于反势的指标中,西安有“人均水资源量”等11个、铜川有“防洪堤防达标率”等32个、宝鸡有“水利投资占GDP比重”等16个、咸阳有“人均生活用水量”等14个、渭南有“水资源开发利用率”等19个、延安有“供水模数”等21个、榆林有“供水模数”等22个、汉中有“防洪堤防达标率”等15个、安康有“防洪堤防达标率”等21个、商洛有“人均工资”等25个,重点调控这些反势指标是全省水利高质量发展工作中的重要任务。SPA-HDEM适用性强,在已知评价等级标准的实际区域水利高质量发展评价问题中具有应用前景。

基于云模型的水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案优选

为优选水光互补清洁能源基地容量配置方案,从安全性、环保性、经济性、技术性4个方面选取14个指标构建了综合评价指标体系,采用改进云模型方法对容量配置方案进行评价。改进云模型方法以基于层次分析法改进的云模型求解主观权重,以熵权法求解客观权重,组合赋权得到指标权重,再利用条件云发生器计算各指标的隶属度,最后根据级别特征值法计算容量方案等级评分,确定最优方案。将该方法应用于我国西南某清洁能源基地水光互补系统容量配置方案的优选,优选结果与集对分析法优选结果和实际选择方案均相符,证明了该方法的有效性与适用性。