Hybrid Flow Shop with Setup Times Scheduling Problem

The two-stage hybridflow shop problem under setup times is addressed in this paper.This problem is NP-Hard.on the other hand,the studied problem is modeling different real-life applications especially in manufacturing and high performance-computing.Tackling this kind of problem requires the development of adapted algorithms.In this context,a metaheuristic using the genetic algorithm and three heuristics are proposed in this paper.These approximate solutions are using the optimal solution of the parallel machines under release and delivery times.Indeed,these solutions are iterative procedures focusing each time on a particular stage where a parallel machines problem is called to be solved.The general solution is then a concatenation of all the solutions in each stage.In addition,three lower bounds based on the relaxation method are provided.These lower bounds present a means to evaluate the efficiency of the developed algorithms throughout the measurement of the relative gap.An experimental result is discussed to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithms.In total,8960 instances are implemented and tested to show the results given by the proposed lower bounds and heuristics.Several indicators are given to compare between algorithms.The results illustrated in this paper show the performance of the developed algorithms in terms of gap and running time.

安装制作工具Inno Setup及其在VC++工程中的应用

VC++工程开发完成时必须制作安装文件,Inno Setup是一个免费的、公开源码的安装制作工具,同时提供了相应的使用方法.文中针对Inno Setup打包VC++工程在安装VC++系统支持文件、ODBC数据源配置、Ac-tiveX控件注册等方面的问题,进行了详细研究并给出了解决方法.

基于Inno Setup的Delphi应用程序的发布技巧

本文介绍安装制作工具Inno Setup为Delphi应用软件开发相应安装程序,特别对自动安装动态配置BDE数据库引擎、动态配置ODBC数据源、ActiveX控件注册等方面的问题进行了综合研究,并给出了一种解决方法,供软件开发者参考。

序列相关Setup单机调度的最小化最大拖期分枝定界算法

研究了具有序列相关Setup带交货期的单机调度NP问题,优化目标是最小化最大拖期.通过松弛子路径连通约束,提出了基于AP算法的下界方法.在算法下界的基础上,基于下界解建立了以改进Karp-Steel补偿启发式方法构成的上界构造方法.发现了反映问题特性的两条优势规则.最后依托Ragatz提出的分枝定界算法框架,引入上界和下界方法,以及两条优势规则,形成了求解该问题的分枝定界枚举算法.通过计算实验证明了算法的有效性.

单机序列相关Setup最小化最大拖期算法

研究了一个具有序列相关Setup带交货期的单机调度NP问题,优化目标是最小化最大拖期。提出了一个求解该问题的分枝定界枚举算法,其中包括确定问题上界和下界的方法,以及两条优势规则。计算实验证明了本文提出算法的有效性。

实例阐述Setup Factory对软件进行打包发布

基于中华农业科教基金会信息管理系统打包发布文件(EXE)的制作经验,本文结合具体的实例对Setup Factory软件的使用进行简单的介绍,包括流程、设置和生成EXE可执行性文件等。

Mean water level setup/setdown in the inlet-lagoon system induced by tidal action—a case study of Xincun Inlet,Hainan Island in China

With the tides propagating from the open sea to the lagoon, the mean water level （MWL） in the inlet and lagoon becomes different from that at the open sea, and a setup/setdown is generated. The change of MWL （setup/setdown） in the system imposes a great impact on regulating the development of tidal marshes, on determining the long-term water level for harbor maintenance, on the planning for the water front development with the flood control for the possible inundation, and on the interpretation of the historical sea level change when using tidal marsh peat deposits in the lagoon as the indicator for open sea＇ s sea level. In this case study on the mechanisms which control the setup/setdown in Xincun Inlet, Hainan in China, the 2-D barotropic mode of Eulerian - Lagrangian CIRCulation （ELCIRC） model was utilized. After model calibration and verification, a series of numerical experiments were conducted to examine the effects of bottom friction and advection terms, wetting and drying of intertidal areas, bathymetry and boundary conditions on the setup/setdown in the system. The modeling results show that setup occurs over the inlet and lagoon areas with an order of one tenth of the tide range at the entrance. The larger the bottom friction is, a larger setup is generated. Without the advection term, the setup is reduced clue to a decrease of water level gradient to compensate for the disappearance of the advection term. Even without overtides, a setup can still be developed in the system. Sea level rise and dredging in the inlet and tidal channel can cause a decrease of setup in the system, whereas shoaling of the system can increase the setup. The uniqueness of the Xincun Inlet with respect to MWL change is that there is no evident setdown in the inlet, which can be attributed to the complex geometry and bathymetry associated with the inlet system.

A Comparative Study of Numerical Models for Wave Propagation and Setup on Steep Coral Reefs

Complex factors including steep slopes, intense wave breaking, large bottom friction and remarkable wave setup should be considered while studying wave propagation over coral reefs, and how to simulate wave propagation and setup on coral reefs efficiently has become a primary focus. Several wave models can be used on coral reefs as have been published, but further testing and comparison of the reliability and applicability of these models are needed. A comparative study of four numerical wave models (i.e., FUNWAVE-TVD, Coulwave, NHWAVE and ZZL18) is carried out in this paper. These models’ governing equations and numerical methods are compared and analyzed firstly to obtain their differences and connections;then the simulation effects of the four wave models are tested in four representative laboratory experiments. The results show that all four models can reasonably predict the spectrum transformation. Coulwave, NHWAVE and ZZL18 can predict the wave height variation more accurately;Coulwave and FUNWAVE-TVD tend to underestimate wave setup on the reef top induced by spilling breaker, while NHWAVE and ZZL18 can predict wave setup relatively accurately for all types of breakers;NHWAVE and ZZL18 can predict wave reflection by steep reef slope more accurately. This study can provide evidence for choosing suitable models for practical engineering or establishing new models.

A Compact Setup of Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy for Diode Laser Frequency Stabilization

A novel setup of saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) is presented.It is based on laser reflections at surfaces of a sample vapor cell.It only needs one cell and one photodiode and is more compact than conventional setups of SAS.Its spectrum is similar to a conventional SAS.The frequency stabilization performance of an external-cavity diode laser with this setup is investigated.A frequency stability of 1.1 × 10^(-11) is achieved at an averaging time of 60s in the Allen variance measurements.

Measuring Radiotherapy Setup Errors in IMRT Treated Head and Neck Cancer Patients Requiring Bilateral Neck Irradiation, NCI-Egypt Experience

Objective: We aim to quantify the magnitude of setup errors in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treated Head and Neck cancer patients and recommend appropriate PTV margin. Methods: 60 patients with head and neck cancer required bilateral neck irradiation were planned and treated by simultaneous integrated boost IMRT technique either treated radically or postoperative. Patients undergoing image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) each with once weekly scheduled cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The 3D displacements, systematic and random errors were calculated. The appropriate PTV expansion was determined using Van Herk’s formula. Results: Mean 3D displacement was 0.16 cm in the vertical direction, 0.14 cm in the horizontal direction and 0.16 cm in the longitudinal direction. Conclusion: Use of weekly CBCT allows the planning target volume (PTV) expansion to be reduced according to our setup. The appropriate clinical target volume (CTV)-PTV margin for our institute is 0.30 cm, 0.38 cm, and 0.33 cm in the horizontal, vertical, and longitudinal directions, respectively.

Psychosomatic symptoms affect radiotherapy setup errors in early breast cancer patients

Objective: To examine the trajectory of psychosomatic symptoms and to explore the impact of psychosomatic symptoms on setup error in patients undergoing breast cancer radiotherapy.Methods: A total of 102 patients with early breast cancer who received initial radiotherapy were consecutively recruited. The M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory(MDASI) and three different anxiety scales, i.e., the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and Anxiety Sensitivity Index(ASI), were used in this study. The radiotherapy setup errors were measured in millimetres by comparing the real-time isocratic verification film during radiotherapy with the digitally reconstructed radiograph(DRR). Patients completed the assessment at three time points: before the initial radiotherapy(T1), before the middle radiotherapy(T2), and before the last radiotherapy(T3).Results: The SAS and STAI-State scores of breast cancer patients at T1 were significantly higher than those at T2 and T3(F=24.44, P<0.001;F=30.25, P<0.001). The core symptoms of MDASI were positively correlated with anxiety severity. The setup errors of patients with high SAS scores were greater than those of patients with low anxiety levels at T1(Z=-2.01, P=0.044). We also found that higher SAS scores were associated with a higher risk of radiotherapy setup errors at T1(B=0.458, P<0.05).Conclusions: This study seeks to identify treatment-related psychosomatic symptoms and mitigate their impact on patients and treatment. Patients with early breast cancer experienced the highest level of anxiety before the initial radiotherapy, and then, anxiety levels declined. Patients with high somatic symptoms of anxiety may have a higher risk of radiotherapy setup errors.

Scheduling a three-machine no-wait flowshop with separated setup time

In many practical flowshop production environments, there is no intermediate storage space available to keep partially completed jobs between any two machines. The workflow has to be continuous, implying that the no-wait conditions must be abided, which is typical in steel and plastic production. We discuss the three-machine no-wait flowshop scheduling problem where the setup times are considered as separated from processing times and sequence independent. The scheduling goal is to minimize the total flowtime. An optimal property and two heuristic algorithms for this problem are proposed. Evaluated over a large number of problems, the proposed heuristics are found that they can yield good solutions effectively with low computational complexity, and have more obvious advantage for the large size problem compared with the existing one.

Single Machine Scheduling with Time-Dependent Learning Effect and Non-Linear Past-Sequence-Dependent Setup Times

This paper studies a single machine scheduling problem with time-dependent learning and setup times. Time-dependent learning means that the actual processing time of a job is a function of the sum of the normal processing times of the jobs already scheduled. The setup time of a job is proportional to the length of the already processed jobs, that is, past-sequence-dependent (psd) setup time. We show that the addressed problem remains polynomially solvable for the objectives, i.e., minimization of the total completion time and minimization of the total weighted completion time. We also show that the smallest processing time (SPT) rule provides the optimum sequence for the addressed problem.

Constitutive relationship of ionic polymer-metal composite and static response character of its cantilever setup to voltage

As a new ionic polymer-metal composite(IPMC) for artificial muscle,the mechanical performance parameters and the relationship between the deformation and the electrical parameters of the IPMC were studied. With the digital speckle correlation method,the constitutive relationship of the IPMC was confirmed. With non-contact photography measurement,a cantilever setup was designed to confirm the relationship between the deformation of the IPMC film and the applied voltage. The relationship curve of tip displacement of the IPMC cantilever setup vs the voltage was achieved. The results indicate that the IPMC is isotropic,its elastic modulus is 232 MPa and Poisson ratio is 0.163. The curve achieved from the test of the tip displacement of the IPMC cantilever setup shows that the tip displacement reaches the maximum when the stimulated voltage is 5 V. And the tip displacement descends largely when the frequency of the applied voltage is between 30 mHz and 100 mHz.

No-Wait Flowshops to Minimize Total Tardiness with Setup Times

The m-machine no-wait flowshop scheduling problem is addressed where setup times are treated as separate from processing times. The objective is to minimize total tardiness. Different dispatching rules have been investigated and three were found to be superior. Two heuristics, a simulated annealing (SA) and a genetic algorithm (GA), have been proposed by using the best performing dispatching rule as the initial solution for SA, and the three superior dispatching rules as part of the initial population for GA. Moreover, improved versions of SA and GA are proposed using an insertion algorithm. Extensive computational experiments reveal that the improved versions of SA and GA perform about 95% better than SA and GA. The improved version of GA outperforms the improved version of SA by about 3.5%.

胸部肿瘤螺旋断层放疗系统setup功能位置矫正与误差来源分析

目的探讨螺旋断层放疗(helical tomotherapy,HT)系统setup功能矫正位置误差的作用并分析误差的来源。方法分析36例胸部肿瘤患者兆伏级计算机断层扫描图像信息,收集首次放疗常规复位和第二次放疗setup功能复位扫描的图像,并分别记录与千伏级计算机断层扫描图像配准的位置误差。比较2次复位误差间差异,构建重复测量混合线性回归模型分析可能的误差来源。结果除左右方向平移误差外,setup功能复位后误差均值总体上均小于首次复位,尤其在前后方向上,setup功能复位后误差显著小于首次复位(0.17±1.14 vs.5.04±2.43,P<0.001)。多因素分析发现,体质量指数(BMI)对胸部肿瘤前后方向平移误差和Roll旋转误差存在影响,回归系数β分别为0.191(P=0.001)和0.034(P=0.040)。此外,前后方向平移误差还受到分次剂量和治疗次数的影响。未发现性别、年龄和疾病类型对位置误差有明确影响。结论setup功能能够矫正位置误差,尤其前后方向平移误差。BMI、分次剂量和治疗次数影响胸部肿瘤放疗前后方向位置精准性。

386微机CMOS SETUP信息参数与软故障

在386微机上,由可充电电池或干电池支持的CMOS RAM芯片上,保存着系统的软硬盘类型,内存容量,显示方式等许多重要参数,这些参数的正确与否,关系到系统是否能够正常工作。所以,掌握这些参数的含义及修改方法,将有助于我们正确地使用386微机。 1

Automatic Generation of Setup for CNC Spring Coiler Based on Case-based Reasoning

When producing special-shape spring in CNC spring coiler,the setup of the coiler is often a manual work using a trial-and-error method.As a result,the setup of coiler consumes so much time and becomes the bottleneck of the spring production process.In order to cope with this situation,this paper proposes an automatic generation system of setup for CNC spring coiler us- ing case-based reasoning(CBR).The core of the study contains:(1)integrated reasoning model of CBR system;(2)spatial shape describe of special-shape spring based on feature;(3)coiling case representation using shape feature matrix;and(4)case similari- ty measure algorithm.The automatic generation system has implemented with C++Builder 6.0 and is helpful in improving the automaticity and efficiency of spring coiler.

An Improved Ant Colony Algorithm for a Single-machine Scheduling Problem with Setup Times

Motivated by industrial applications we study a single-machine scheduling problem in which all the jobs are mutu- ally independent and available at time zero.The machine processes the jobs sequentially and it is not idle if there is any job to be pro- cessed.The operation of each job cannot be interrupted.The machine cannot process more than one job at a time.A setup time is needed if the machine switches from one type of job to another.The objective is to find an optimal schedule with the minimal total jobs’completion time.While the sum of jobs’processing time is always a constant,the objective is to minimize the sum of setup times.Ant colony optimization(ACO)is a meta-heuristic that has recently been applied to scheduling problem.In this paper we propose an improved ACO-Branching Ant Colony with Dynamic Perturbation(DPBAC)algorithm for the single-machine schedul- ing problem.DPBAC improves traditional ACO in following aspects:introducing Branching Method to choose starting points;im- proving state transition rules;introducing Mutation Method to shorten tours;improving pheromone updating rules and introduc- ing Conditional Dynamic Perturbation Strategy.Computational results show that DPBAC algorithm is superior to the traditional ACO algorithm.

Theoretical study on setup of expanded-base pile considering cavity contraction

When an expanded-base pile is installed into ground, the cavity expansion associated with penetration of the enlarged pile base is followed by cavity contraction along the smaller-diameter pile shaft. In order to account for the influence of cavity contraction on the change of bearing capacity of expanded-base pile, a theoretical calculation methodology, predicting the setup of expanded-base pile, was established by employing the cavity contraction theory to estimate the shaft resistance of expanded-base pile, and horizontal consolidation theory to predict the dissipation of excess pore pressure. Finally, the numerical solutions for the setup of expanded-base pile were obtained. The parametric study about the influence of cavity contraction on setup of expanded-base pile was carried out, while a field test was introduced. The parametric study shows that the decrements in radial pressure and the maximum pore water pressure after considering cavity contraction are increased as the expanded ratio(base diameter/shaft diameter) and rigidity index of soil are raised. The comparison between calculated and measured values shows that the calculated results of ultimate bearing capacity for expanded-base pile considering cavity contraction agree well with the measured values; however, the computations ignoring cavity contraction are 2.5-3.0 times the measured values.