Experimental Study of Integration and Polyblends Performance for Improved Mixing-Extruding Machine

One improved mixing-extruding machine was introduced as the second-generation product of the mixing-molding integrated technology. In the extruding system,the conventional single screw extruder was substituted by a special conical twin-screw extruder,resulting in stronger feeding ability,more stable extrusion pressure,and better quality of products. The integrated mathematical model of mixing-extruding process was also established by theoretical derivation and optimization according to the experimental results.Then its accuracy was verified by the influences of the pressure of floating weight and the cooling water temperature of extruder on the mixing-extruding integrated process. The results showed that the changes of both parameters could give rise to the fluctuation of the temperature and apparent viscosity of polyblends, thus further influencing the screw rotation speed.

Forming mechanism of integral serrated high fins by plowing-extruding based on variational feed

Plowing-extruding tool was designed and plowing-extruding process was investigated.Then,a manufacturing method of integral serrated high-finned tube,plowing-extruding based on variational feed was proposed,in which plowing-extruding tool moved forward at two different feeds,f1 and f2,in turn.In this method,overlaps that are usually avoided in practical application were utilized to manufacture high fins and average height of fins was up to 1.58 mm.The critical feed(fc) of overlaps forming and terms of high fins forming were analyzed.The main technical parameters that affect the fins height were discussed.The experimental results show that the fins height increases with extruding inclination angle and plowing-extruding depth,and the fins height increases with f1 increasing when f1 is smaller than fc,and decreases with f1 increasing if f1 is larger than fc.

Continuous Extruding Extending Forming of Semi-solid A2017 Alloy

Continuous extruding/ extending formiug process for A2017 alloy in semi-solid state was proposed through installing extending die at the outlet of shearing- cooling- rolling （SCR） machine. A series of experiments to produce fiat bar of A2017 alloy were carried oat. The forming process, metal flow behavior in die and microstructure and mechanical property of prodacts were investigated. It is shown that if the pouring temperature of melt was higher, the die was filled with semi-solid slurry with low solid fraction and periodical cracks would occur on the product surface ; If its pouring temperature was lower or the preheating temperature of die was lower, semisolid slurry would solidify rapidly and block the die after entering the cavity. The analysis of mass flow trace shows that the semi-solid slurry move forward layer by layer and fills the die extending cavity in radiation manner and the velocity of mass flow in the central area of extending cavity and exit of mould is the maximum, and then decreases gradually from the center to both sides of die wall. By inereasiug the die extending angle, the velocity of mass flow becomes more homogeneous. Under rational process control and die design, the A2017 fiat bar with transverse section of 10 × 50 mm and with good surface and fine equiaxed grains can be obtained by continuous extruding/extending forming process. The product＇s tensile strength and elongation are 420.5 MPa and 14.2% , respectively.

The roles of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect for an extruded AZ31 Mg alloy

The Swift effect of Mg alloy is sensitive to initial texture.However,dislocation slip is the main deformation mechanism during torsion of Mg alloy.The underlying relation of Swift effect and dislocation slip is still not clarified.The effect of stress state and pre-straining on Swift effect was studied experimentally during free-end torsion for an extruded AZ31 alloy.The free-end torsion was performed with axial tension and compression stress which is lower than yield stress.It is found that the transition of axial deformation from contraction to elongation occurs when the axial stress changes from negative to positive.The pre-dislocations introduced by pre-tension promote axial shortening during torsion.While the pre-twins introduced by pre-compression are inhibition of axial shortening.The change of axial deformation is attributed to competition between twinning and prismatic slip.The axial shortening of extruded Mg alloy is generated by tensile twinning leading to c-axis strain.In contrast,the axial elongation can be generated by the activation of prismatic slip.The magnitude of axial strain generated by twinning is larger than that by prismatic slip.Moreover,the occurrence of detwinning results in axial elongation at low shear strain.

ANALYSIS OF SURFACE CRACK ON FORWARD EXTRUDING BAR DURING AXISYMMETRIC CUP-BAR COMBINED EXTRUSION PROCESS

In this paper, the kinematically admissible velocity field with surface crack on forward extruding bar is put forward during the axisymmetric cup-bar combined extrusion process, in accordance with the results of model experiments.On the basis of velocity field, the necessary condition for surface crack formation on the forward extruding bar is derived, with the help of upper bound theorem and the minimum energy principle. Meanwhile, the relationships between surface crack formation and combination of reduction in area for the part of forward and backward extursions relative residual thickness of billet (T/R0),frictional factor (m) or relative land length of ram and chamber are calculated during the extrusion process. Therefore, whether the surface crack on forward exturding bar occurs can be predicted before extruding the lower-plasticity metals for axisymmetric cup-bar combined extrusion process.The analytical results agree very well with experimental results of aluminium alloy LY12 (ASTM 2024) and LC4 (ASTM 7075).

Numerical simulation of upsetting-extruding process of dispersion strengthened copper welding electrode

The simulation of the upsetting-extruding process of dispersion strengthened copper welding electrode was carried out using Deform-2D finite element analysis software, and the characteristics of metal flow and the effect of different friction factors were analysed. The results show that the whole forming process consists of a forward extrusion and a backward extrusion. When the friction factor of the female die is 0.4, it is advantageous to the forward extrusion forming of the electrode work nose part, while the friction factor of the male die is only 0.1, it would be benefit to the backward extrusion forming of the electrode fit-up hole part. Addition of a scoop channel with 1.5 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter at the bottom of the female die can avoid folds at the work nose. The rise in temperature is about 60 ℃ during the forming process.

Study on drilling mechanism and optimization of percussion-extruding DTH hammer bit

The authors tested the percussion-extruding Down-the-hole(DTH)hammer bit with five different structures and mainly analyzed the drilling mechanism between conical bit and stepped bit.In addition,aiming at "the pile effect" in combination with the advantage of stepped bit,we design a new cam spinning bit and test it outdoors.The result shows that using cam spinning bit can solve the problem of "the pile effect",which can also obtain higher drilling efficiency than using conical bit in high confining pressure strata.It is characterized by novel structure and high drilling speed as well as good guiding,and it is significant for improving efficiency in percussion-extruding drilling technique.

螺杆挤出机相似放大理论的研究进展

总结了近些年来国内外提出的螺杆挤出机相似放大准则,并对比分析了常用的放大系数和适用范围,同时,介绍了相似放大理论在螺杆挤出机中的优化挤出机的结构参数、工艺条件的实际应用,最后指出了螺杆挤出机相似放大理论进一步探索和优化,为螺杆挤出机行业的可持续发展提供更加有效的理论支持。

阻燃永久抗静电型TPAE复合材料的制备

研究将聚酰胺弹性体(TPAE)、氮磷系阻燃剂和聚季铵盐永久抗静电剂,通过双螺杆挤出机进行共混、熔融、挤出,制备得到阻燃抗静电的TPAE复合材料,考察其导电、阻燃和力学性能。结果表明:随着抗静电剂的增加,TPAE材料的表面电阻率呈降低趋势;氮磷系阻燃剂可使TPAE材料的阻燃等级达到UL94-V0级。

3D打印用砂浆的可打印性能研究

现有研究和相关技术标准多采用观测法检验3D打印材料的打印性能,缺少对可挤出性和可建造性的量化评价指标。本文基于流动度等常规工作性能指标对可打印性能的影响,提出挤出均匀性、累计形变率两个量化指标,用于评价3D打印材料的可打印性能,并在本试验条件下建立常规工作性能指标与打印质量的联系。结果表明:3D打印砂浆的挤出均匀性随流动度的增加先提高后降低,随动态屈服应力的增加而降低;累计形变率随高度保留率的增加而降低,随静态屈服应力的增加而降低。本试验参数条件下,当挤出均匀性小于3.5%、累计变形率不大于6%、动态屈服应力为200~800 Pa、静态屈服应力为1800~3300 Pa时,砂浆打印层数较高(不小于30层),可打印性能较好。

双螺杆挤出机胶粉脱硫工艺条件的研究

研究同向双螺杆挤出机的螺杆结构、脱硫温度和螺杆转速对胶粉脱硫的影响。结果表明:螺杆结构越有利于提高螺杆的混合和剪切能力,胶粉的溶胶含量越大,交联密度越小;当脱硫温度从170℃升高至190℃时,胶粉的脱硫效果有一定改善;当螺杆转速从50 r·min^(-1)增至90 r·min^(-1)时,胶粉的脱硫效果明显改善;当脱硫温度为180~190℃、螺杆转速为50~70 r·min^(-1)时,中等混合和剪切能力螺杆脱硫的胶粉的脱硫效果较好,脱硫胶粉胶料的拉伸性能较优。

不同油脂来源及添加水平对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量、生长性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同油脂来源及添加水平对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量、生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。试验选取1日龄白羽肉鸡960只,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复20只鸡。采用双因素试验设计,饲粮中油脂来源分别为大豆油、膨化大豆和脂肪粉,油脂添加水平分别为3%和5%。试验期42 d,分为前期(1~21日龄)和后期(22~42日龄)2个阶段。结果表明:1)在颗粒饲料质量方面,脂肪粉组成型率、颗粒耐久性和硬度显著高于其他2组(P<0.05);相比于3%添加水平,5%添加水平显著降低了颗粒饲料成型率、颗粒耐久性和硬度,且除脂肪粉组外,豆油组和膨化大豆组颗粒饲料颗粒耐久性显著降低(P<0.05),并均低于90%。2)在肉鸡生长性能方面,与大豆油组相比,5%脂肪粉组前期料重比显著降低(P<0.05);膨化大豆组后期和全期平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05)。3)在肉品质和血清生化指标方面,与大豆油组相比,脂肪粉组肉鸡胸肌剪切力和24 h滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05),膨化大豆组胸肌24 h滴水损失显著降低(P<0.05);膨化大豆组和脂肪粉组血清三碘甲状原氨酸(T3)含量和T3/甲状腺素(T4)值显著提高(P<0.05)。相比于3%添加水平,5%添加水平显著降低了肉鸡胸肌剪切力(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加5%脂肪粉能够提高肉鸡颗粒饲料质量、肉品质以及甲状腺的功能活性。

新型变速单螺杆挤出机中熔体流动特性的数值模拟

针对目前传统单螺杆挤出机因输送能力差、不节能等问题而导致的挤出效率不好,设计了一种新型变速单螺杆挤出机,用以提高单螺杆挤出机的挤出效率。文章基于有限元体积法、利用Pro/E三维绘图软件建模、并以ANSYS/CFX流体模块为平台,对新型变速单螺杆挤出机进行数值模拟,参照传统单螺杆挤出机,通过分析了压力场、速度场以及挤出性能指标与其进行对比。分析结果显示,螺杆转速的提高能有效扩大流道压力差,增强建压性能,减少物料的停留时间,从而增加输送率;其普通段与增速段分界处因增速所产生的速度差,以及反转引起的对流效果,使物料的流动由层流变为紊流,大大增强了对物料的分散混合。研究结果表明,新型变速单螺杆挤出机在保证挤出品质的基础上提高了输送能力,并减少了能耗,从而有效改善了挤出效率。

饲粮中添加膨化亚麻籽和微藻对湖羊血清抗氧化指标和肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

旨在了解饲粮中添加膨化亚麻籽和微藻对湖羊血清抗氧化指标和肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响。选择体重相近的健康4月龄湖羊45只,随机分为3组,各组3个重复,每个重复5只。对照组采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验A组采用基础饲粮+10%膨化亚麻籽,试验B组采用基础饲粮+5%膨化亚麻籽+5%微藻粉,试验期为2个月。结果:试验A组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性较对照组显著下调28%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验A组和B组显著降低超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05),显著增加过氧化氢和丙二醛含量(P<0.05),显著提高湖羊背最长肌中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),显著降低n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比值(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,添加亚麻籽和微藻粉各5%对羊肉品质影响效果最优。

Chemical and mechanical properties of stainless, environment-friendly, and nonflammable Mg alloys (SEN alloys): A review

This review article provides overall understanding of stainless,environment-friendly,and nonflammable Mg alloys(SEN alloys)recently developed at the Korea Institute of Materials Science.SEN alloys are produced by adding small amounts of Ca and Y(each<1 wt%)into commercial Mg–Al based alloys,resulting in exceptional ignition and corrosion resistances and impressive mechanical properties.Their main advantages of SEN alloys are as follows.(1)A dense multi-oxide layer of SEN alloys comprising MgO,CaO,and Y_(2)O_(3) impedes the outward dispersion of Mg vapor and the inward penetration of O_(2) during oxidation,thereby enhancing the oxidation and ignition resistances.(2)The presence of Ca-and Y-based second-phase particles in SEN alloys can enhance their corrosion resistance because Ca-containing particles prevent the spread of corrosion,and the replacement of Al-containing particles with less noble ones containing Y(e.g.,Al–Mn–Y or Al–Y particles)retards corrosion.(3)The addition of minor amounts of Ca and Y renders excellent mechanical properties due to improved strengthening effects.These enhanced properties are attributed to more pronounced dynamic recrystallization and grain refining behaviors caused by the second-phase particles during extrusion.(4)Despite the presence of various types of second-phase particles,the fatigue properties of SEN9 alloys are similar to those of commercial AZ91 alloys.(5)Simultaneous introduction of Ca and Y suppresses the formation of Mg17Al12 discontinuous precipitates during aging,leading to the enhanced elongation of aged SEN alloys.(6)Adding mischmetal into the SEN9 alloy leads to a six-fold enhancement in extrudability.Consequently,the studies conducted on SEN alloys demonstrate their excellent ignition and corrosion resistances and mechanical properties,which broaden the industrial applications of Mg alloys by addressing their inherent weaknesses.

啮合同向差速双螺杆挤出机挤出聚乳酸流场分析

目的:探究不同差速比的螺杆组在流道性能上的差异,明确差速对聚乳酸材料挤出性能的影响。方法:应用Solidworks软件建立4组差速双螺杆组,通过Fluent软件进行网格划分和有限元数值模拟,使用CFD-post软件分析计算结果,并对其性能进行验证。结果:当进出口压力分别为0.2,0.5 MPa,单头基准转速为30 r/min时,差速比为1∶2和1∶3的螺杆在不同性能下各有优劣,螺杆的产量和机筒内压力在差速比为1∶2时具有优势,螺杆的混合能力在差速比为1∶3时具有优势。结论:对比传统双螺杆挤出机,差速双螺杆挤出机对聚乳酸材料的挤出性能为正向影响,可作为全新的聚乳酸改性设备。

双螺杆挤出机塑化系统电磁加热过程的数值模拟与实验研究及应用

探究电磁加热相比于铸铜加热对双螺杆挤出机塑化系统的影响,首先针对现有双螺杆机筒和线圈分布建立几何模型,使用comsol有限元软件研究了电磁加热过程机筒磁通量变化以及温度均匀性;另外,在数值模拟的指导下开展具体试验验证,对比了电磁加热和铸铜加热的机筒内壁及法兰温度均匀性、用电量及电磁辐射安全性。结果表明,电磁加热具有更高的控温精度,保证温度均匀性在±1℃以内,与模拟结果相吻合;在相同的加热时间内,电磁加热可以实现机筒和法兰同步加热,预热时间节约40%,生产过程节能50%;另外电磁辐射符合国家安全标准(GB 8702—2014),保证车间工人的人身安全。

紫皮马铃薯全粉-挤压膨化荞麦混粉流变学特性对无糖酥性饼干品质的影响

以紫皮马铃薯全粉和挤压膨化荞麦粉部分替代小麦粉制作无糖酥性饼干,探讨不同添加量的紫皮马铃薯全粉和挤压膨化荞麦粉(质量比1∶1)对混粉粉质特性、糊化特性、拉伸特性及饼干质构特性、感官评分的影响。结果表明:随着紫皮马铃薯全粉和挤压膨化荞麦粉添加量的增加,混粉面团形成时间、稳定时间、面团延伸性、拉伸面积均降低,而吸水率升高;混粉峰值黏度、保温黏度、终点黏度、回生值降低;以混粉质量为基准,当紫皮马铃薯全粉和挤压膨化荞麦粉添加量为20%时,所制作的酥性饼干硬度适中、质地酥脆蓬松,富有浓郁的马铃薯风味,口感最佳,感官评分最高。

挤压机板焊柱塞结构强度计算及优化设计

柱塞在挤压机工作时要承受很大的应力,设计时必须进行强度计算及校核。相比于传统锻焊式柱塞,板焊式柱塞在减轻自重的同时也更容易出现应力集中。对柱塞主结构进行受力分析,提取其主要载荷,使用弹性力学厚壁圆筒理论对柱塞结构中段进行强度计算,推导出第四强度理论下的等效应力计算公式。根据计算结果提出三个加筋方案,并使用有限元法分别对加筋后的柱塞结构进行强度计算,模拟柱塞受载后应力状态,校核强度并分析讨论最适合生产制造的设计方案。

双螺杆挤出机异形内筒结构强度影响因素分析

异形内筒的厚度δi、相交圆中心距e、相交圆直径d是影响双螺杆挤出机强度的3个主要结构参数(简称3因素),一次局部薄膜应力PL、一次局部薄膜应力+二次应力P_(L)+P_(b)+Q是压力容器应力强度评定的2个主要应力类别。对3因素设定4个水平,进行3因素4水平正交试验,利用极差分析方法与方差分析方法处理正交试验数据。研究结果表明,因素δi、e、d对双螺杆异形内筒上危险截面处的应力P_(L)、P_(L)+P_(b)+Q均具有显著影响,对PL影响的主次排序为δi、e、d,对P_(L)+P_(b)+Q影响的主次排序为δi、d、e,对PL、P_(L)+P_(b)+Q影响的最佳方案均为δi(4)d(1)e(1)。采用多元回归分析拟合出了异形内筒结构危险截面应力PL及P_(L)+P_(b)+Q的多元回归方程,可用于双螺杆挤出机异形内筒结构应力的估算。