Study on cumulative effects of biological craniocerebral trauma under repeated blast

Repeated blast impacts on personnel in explosive environments can exacerbate craniocerebral trauma.Most existing studies focus on the injury effects of a single blast,lacking in-depth analysis on the injury effects and cumulative effects of repeated blasts.Therefore,rats were used as the experimental samples to suffer from explosion blasts with different peak air overpressures(167 kPa~482 kPa)and varying number of repeated blasts.The cumulative effect of craniocerebral trauma was most pronounced for moderate repeated blast,showing approximately 95%increase of trauma severity with penta blast,and an approximately 85%increase of trauma severity with penta minor blast.The cumulative effect of craniocerebral trauma from severe,repeated blast has a smaller rate of change compared to the other two conditions.The severity of trauma from penta blast increased by approximately 69%compared to a single blast.Comprehensive physiological,pathological and biochemical analysis show that the degree of neurological trauma caused by repeated blasts is higher than that of single blasts,and the pathological trauma to brain tissue is more extensive and severe.The trauma degree remains unchanged after double blast,increases by one grade after triple or quadruple blast,and increases by two grades after penta blast.

Evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns

AIM:To evaluate chronic ocular sequelae in patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns and propose an objective grading system.METHODS:This was a retrospective,single-center clinical study.Patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns at least six months later were assessed.Chronic ocular sequelae were classified into 3 categories(eyelid,conjunctiva,and cornea)and 9 chronic ocular sequelae[friction factors,exposure factors,conjunctival hyperemia,length of symblepharon,scope of adhesion,lacrimal area adhesion,loss of the palisades of Vogt(POV),corneal neovascularization,and corneal opacification].Each ocular sequela was graded from 0 to 3,depending on the increasing severity.The 9 ocular sequelae were evaluated to obtain the total severity score for each eye.The total severity score was defined as Grade I(1-9),Grade II(10-18),and Grade III(19-27).Moreover,the correlation between the severity of chronic ocular sequelae and visual acuity,surgical strategy,and the prognosis was analyzed,respectively.RESULTS:Cases of 79 eyes with symblepharon caused by ocular burns were included in this study.Of these,20(25.32%)were defined as Grade I,43(54.43%)as Grade II,and 16(20.25%)as Grade III.Eyes with a high total severity score had reduced visual acuity,required complicated surger y strategies,and poor prognosis(P<0.001).Multivariate regression analysis showed that the scope of adhesion,corneal opacification,and corneal neovascularization significantly affected visual acuity,surgical strategy,and prognosis(all P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The evaluation of chronic ocular sequelae enabled the development of an objective grading system for patients with symblepharon caused by ocular burns.This grading system can be applied to guide the treatment and predict the prognosis.