The aim of this article is to study the effects of the shading rate on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules. The study concerns a new flexible CIGS type photovoltaic module with a power of 90</s...The aim of this article is to study the effects of the shading rate on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules. The study concerns a new flexible CIGS type photovoltaic module with a power of 90</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">W, manufactured by the company Shenzhen Shine Solar Co</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, Ltd. This module, reference SN-CIGS90, is tested under the initial conditions to ensure its correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before shading. After this characterization test, the module is exposed under the actual operating conditions of the Renewable Energies Study and Research Center (CERER), located in Dakar, then 4 types of shading are performed with the same mask: partial shading 25% partial shading, 50% partial shading, 75% partial shading, and 100% full shading. The variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out determine that the shading phenomenon constitutes a factor that influences negatively on the electrical parameters of a CIGS-based PV module. Indeed, for 25% of the surface of the shaded module, there is a reduction of 58.139% of the maximum power and of 60.507% of the efficiency and for shading of 100%, the module loses 84.436% of its maximum power and 84.135% of its performance.展开更多
In this paper, a comparative study of the maximum power on the shading rate on the maximum power of thin film PV modules. Thus two thin film PV modules of type Copper indium gallium selenide, CIGS, of 90W power and a ...In this paper, a comparative study of the maximum power on the shading rate on the maximum power of thin film PV modules. Thus two thin film PV modules of type Copper indium gallium selenide, CIGS, of 90W power and a CdTe (Cadmium telluride)/CdS (Cadmium sulfide) module, of maximum power 75 W. These modules, reference SN-CIGS90 and CX3 75 were tested under the conditions of the installation site to ensure their proper functioning and to determine the initial values of electrical parameters before shading. The results obtained are as follows: for the CIGS: Pm (80.717 W);Vco (23.06 V), Icc (3.5 A) and for the CdTe:Pm (54.914 W);Vco (35.52 V), Icc (1.546 A). After this characterization test, the modules are exposed to real operating conditions at the Center for Study and Research on the renewable energy (CERER), Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. Four types of shading are performed on each module with the same mask: partial shading at 25%, 50%, 75% and complete shading at 100%. The comparison of the variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out on each module, shows that, the phenomenon of shading constitutes an environmental factor which influences negatively the maximum power of the thin film PV modules. But this reduction depends on the surface of the shaded module, the nature of the mask but also the technology used. Indeed, for a shading of 25% of the surface of the two modules, we note a reduction of 21.32% of power for the CIGS, against 40.53% for the CdTe/CdS, that is to say a difference which approaches 20%.展开更多
在盆栽试验条件下，研究在3个遮阴水平和5个施氮水平处理组合下，水稻分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期冠层叶片叶绿素计测定值（soil and plant analyzer development value，SPAD value）的空间分布规律及其差异，为弱光条件下实时进行水稻叶...在盆栽试验条件下，研究在3个遮阴水平和5个施氮水平处理组合下，水稻分蘖期、孕穗期和抽穗期冠层叶片叶绿素计测定值（soil and plant analyzer development value，SPAD value）的空间分布规律及其差异，为弱光条件下实时进行水稻叶片氮素营养诊断及优化提供依据.结果表明，同对照相比，在遮阴条件下水稻冠层 SPAD值波动幅度受到明显抑制.遮光使水稻冠层叶片 SPAD值下降，并抑制施氮水平对水稻叶片向上位叶输送氮素的正向作用.经变异系数分析发现，L4叶对施氮水平变化反应最为敏感.另外，在中度和重度遮阴条件（遮光率分别为65%和85%）下可利用叶片相对叶色差值（relative SPAD value，RSPAD）进行氮素营养状态的诊断.相对叶色差值SPADL3-L2，SPADL4-L3与施氮水平呈显著线性正相关关系（R2L3-L2=0.87~0.97，R2L4-L3=0.85~0.97），这一关系不受生育期和施氮水平的影响.在正常光照条件下，宜选用 SPADL3-L2指示水稻整个生育期氮素营养状况.在日照较弱的季节或受林木遮光影响较大的田块，宜选择 SPADL4-L3作为诊断指标.展开更多
文摘The aim of this article is to study the effects of the shading rate on the electrical performance parameters of CIGS PV modules. The study concerns a new flexible CIGS type photovoltaic module with a power of 90</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">W, manufactured by the company Shenzhen Shine Solar Co</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, Ltd. This module, reference SN-CIGS90, is tested under the initial conditions to ensure its correct operation and to determine the initial values of the electrical parameters before shading. After this characterization test, the module is exposed under the actual operating conditions of the Renewable Energies Study and Research Center (CERER), located in Dakar, then 4 types of shading are performed with the same mask: partial shading 25% partial shading, 50% partial shading, 75% partial shading, and 100% full shading. The variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out determine that the shading phenomenon constitutes a factor that influences negatively on the electrical parameters of a CIGS-based PV module. Indeed, for 25% of the surface of the shaded module, there is a reduction of 58.139% of the maximum power and of 60.507% of the efficiency and for shading of 100%, the module loses 84.436% of its maximum power and 84.135% of its performance.
文摘In this paper, a comparative study of the maximum power on the shading rate on the maximum power of thin film PV modules. Thus two thin film PV modules of type Copper indium gallium selenide, CIGS, of 90W power and a CdTe (Cadmium telluride)/CdS (Cadmium sulfide) module, of maximum power 75 W. These modules, reference SN-CIGS90 and CX3 75 were tested under the conditions of the installation site to ensure their proper functioning and to determine the initial values of electrical parameters before shading. The results obtained are as follows: for the CIGS: Pm (80.717 W);Vco (23.06 V), Icc (3.5 A) and for the CdTe:Pm (54.914 W);Vco (35.52 V), Icc (1.546 A). After this characterization test, the modules are exposed to real operating conditions at the Center for Study and Research on the renewable energy (CERER), Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar. Four types of shading are performed on each module with the same mask: partial shading at 25%, 50%, 75% and complete shading at 100%. The comparison of the variation rates obtained on the experimental values of the 4 types of shading carried out on each module, shows that, the phenomenon of shading constitutes an environmental factor which influences negatively the maximum power of the thin film PV modules. But this reduction depends on the surface of the shaded module, the nature of the mask but also the technology used. Indeed, for a shading of 25% of the surface of the two modules, we note a reduction of 21.32% of power for the CIGS, against 40.53% for the CdTe/CdS, that is to say a difference which approaches 20%.
