The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and...The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and examined with varied design parameters:window to wall ratio(WWR)and external static shading devices.IES VE software was used to predict the annual energy consumption of the five archetypes for 40 permutations.The outcome of this research showed that the variation of the total energy use from one shape to another was relatively small.WWR appeared to have a stronger impact on the energy pattern of a building than its shape.Overall,the energy performance of the archetypes were observed to conform to their individual building aspect ratios.The findings are thus expected to provide useful guidelines for architects on utilizing building geometry as an energy saving measure in the design of office buildings.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of movable solar shading on energy performance in subtropical regions of China.An office building retrofitted with a novel internal roller shading system consi...The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of movable solar shading on energy performance in subtropical regions of China.An office building retrofitted with a novel internal roller shading system consisting of two shading layers was selected to carry out field measurements and numerous computer simulations were conducted in order to quantify the energy saving performance of this solar shading system,which was further compared with commonly used Low-E windows and regular fabric roller shades.The results show that the solar transmittance ratio is only 1.3%to 7%depending on used solar shading layers in summer and there is almost no negative impact on heating season in winter.The room base temperature reduction ranges from 4-14oC in summer,indicating a significant indoor thermal performance improvement.Meanwhile,the total energy saving for this shading system is 26.06%,24.42%and over 50%,respectively,compared to Low-E windows,fabric roller shades and the bare window case.Thus,this novel solar shading system is a high energy saving measure and can be widely used in a subtropical zone.展开更多
This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructu...This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructure community building is backward;the organizational building of community lags behind;the operating mechanism is in chaos.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:we should strengthen the funds guarantee of government for community building;we should reinforce the quality education for the rural residents;we should speed up the construction of rural infrastructure;we should improve organizational building of rural community.展开更多
A WiFi-ZigBee hybrid BAN solution, namely WiZBAN, is proposed and implemented to cater for the development of high traffic AMI for smart grid application. It is important to highlight that the major challenge of WiZBA...A WiFi-ZigBee hybrid BAN solution, namely WiZBAN, is proposed and implemented to cater for the development of high traffic AMI for smart grid application. It is important to highlight that the major challenge of WiZBAN is to handle the high density environment which results in heavy traffic loading and weak signal propagation. To overcome the captioned problem, Vertical Backbone Communication (VBC) and Horizontal Floor Communication (HFC) are defined for WiZBAN. The WiZBAN consists of WiZBAN Gateway (WiZGW), WiZBAN Meter Hub (WiZBAN) and WiZBAN In Home Display (WiZIHD) which caters for the smart grids services including smart metering and demand response. The WiZGW is the entrance of WiZBAN and connects WiZBAN to utilities. The WiZGW also teams up with WiZMH to enables VBC. On the other hand, WiZMH serves as the interception point of VBC and HFC. It interacts with smart meters and sets up the HFC together with WiZIHD to provide the user interface for end users. To shorten the transmission time, WiFi is adopted for VBC while ZigBee is applied to HCF to overcome the weak signal propagation. To investigate the performance of WiZBAN, a case study has been conducted based on an existing 23 floor residential building. From the measured and simulated results, the average round trip delay of demand response and smart metering are found to be 0.6 s and 9 s respectively.展开更多
Technology advancement has ensured a better means of livelihood essentially in certain parts of West Africa, specifically Nigeria, where the climate is predominantly hot in most parts throughout the year. Air-conditio...Technology advancement has ensured a better means of livelihood essentially in certain parts of West Africa, specifically Nigeria, where the climate is predominantly hot in most parts throughout the year. Air-conditioning has reduced the harshness of indoor discomforts to the barest minimum. It is no more uncommon to find it regularly in use in most homes and offices. Currently, the economy has the centrality of its power supply hinged on generator plants. The enigma of the current situation is how this alternative problem has catastrophic after effects on the environment. This and many more add up to the greatest of all the threats now evading our environment and the world -- Global warming. The threat of Global warming is real and the need to find less environmentally destructive sources of energy cannot be overemphasized. This paper is a contribution towards energy saving in buildings through the reduction of solar radiation incident on buildings. Sustainable Building calls for an integrated planning approach for operating buildings economically, substantially reducing their impact on the environment by reducing energy/power consumption, amongst others, and enhancing the well-being of their inhabitants. Only buildings that reconcile all of the above factors are fit for the future. A case study of the CMS （Catholic Mission School） Book Shop house in Lagos was carried out. The methodology involved the use of a solar chart and shadow angle protractor to determine the overheated periods represented by the shading masks and data collected. From this analysis, it was decided to accept the use of external sun shading and preliminary designs and specifications were prepared by the architects. The use of external solar screens made a saving of up to 75% of the energy input which would otherwise have been required by air-conditioning.展开更多
In this paper, the authors proposed a model, to build trust in the infrastructure between the Consumer-to-Consumer （C2C） and some proposals, to increase the trust in building the infrastructure for electronic commer...In this paper, the authors proposed a model, to build trust in the infrastructure between the Consumer-to-Consumer （C2C） and some proposals, to increase the trust in building the infrastructure for electronic commerce between consumers C2C through a comparison of previous studies, which have been applied in many countries like America, China, France, Korea, and Philippines. In their work the authors focused on the relation between consumers C2C which is more successful than the Business-to-Consumer （B2C）, Business-to-Business （B2B）, and is more systems suitable for developing countries and have been applied in China.展开更多
This paper presents the results of a combined study of building energy consumption and the electricity production from PV modules integrated into a shading device, taking account of different site layouts. Various com...This paper presents the results of a combined study of building energy consumption and the electricity production from PV modules integrated into a shading device, taking account of different site layouts. Various combinations of surrounding building configurations and the tilt angles of the shading device （that determines the PV module orientation） are examined.展开更多
This paper presents a realistic image synthesis system suitable to buildings. It includes anti-liasing, shadow testing, transparency processing and texture mapping. The Z-buffer algorithm is utilized for shading. A si...This paper presents a realistic image synthesis system suitable to buildings. It includes anti-liasing, shadow testing, transparency processing and texture mapping. The Z-buffer algorithm is utilized for shading. A simplified light buffer is used for shadow preprocessing and ray-cast method is used for shadow test so that the computation is accelerated and high quality If images is gotten.展开更多
文摘The project investigated the potential of building geometry to minimize energy consumption in office buildings.Five distinct geometries were modeled as mid-size office occupancies in the context of Toronto,Ontario,and examined with varied design parameters:window to wall ratio(WWR)and external static shading devices.IES VE software was used to predict the annual energy consumption of the five archetypes for 40 permutations.The outcome of this research showed that the variation of the total energy use from one shape to another was relatively small.WWR appeared to have a stronger impact on the energy pattern of a building than its shape.Overall,the energy performance of the archetypes were observed to conform to their individual building aspect ratios.The findings are thus expected to provide useful guidelines for architects on utilizing building geometry as an energy saving measure in the design of office buildings.
基金the natural science foundation of Ningbo city(2012A610158)Zhejiang Province(LQ13E080009)。
文摘The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of movable solar shading on energy performance in subtropical regions of China.An office building retrofitted with a novel internal roller shading system consisting of two shading layers was selected to carry out field measurements and numerous computer simulations were conducted in order to quantify the energy saving performance of this solar shading system,which was further compared with commonly used Low-E windows and regular fabric roller shades.The results show that the solar transmittance ratio is only 1.3%to 7%depending on used solar shading layers in summer and there is almost no negative impact on heating season in winter.The room base temperature reduction ranges from 4-14oC in summer,indicating a significant indoor thermal performance improvement.Meanwhile,the total energy saving for this shading system is 26.06%,24.42%and over 50%,respectively,compared to Low-E windows,fabric roller shades and the bare window case.Thus,this novel solar shading system is a high energy saving measure and can be widely used in a subtropical zone.
基金Supported by Youth Project Initial Funding Program in Jilin Agricultural University(201053)
文摘This paper analyses some problems existing in building of rural community in Jilin Province as follows:the funds for community building are short;the residents show sluggish participation in community;the infrastructure community building is backward;the organizational building of community lags behind;the operating mechanism is in chaos.Finally,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:we should strengthen the funds guarantee of government for community building;we should reinforce the quality education for the rural residents;we should speed up the construction of rural infrastructure;we should improve organizational building of rural community.
文摘A WiFi-ZigBee hybrid BAN solution, namely WiZBAN, is proposed and implemented to cater for the development of high traffic AMI for smart grid application. It is important to highlight that the major challenge of WiZBAN is to handle the high density environment which results in heavy traffic loading and weak signal propagation. To overcome the captioned problem, Vertical Backbone Communication (VBC) and Horizontal Floor Communication (HFC) are defined for WiZBAN. The WiZBAN consists of WiZBAN Gateway (WiZGW), WiZBAN Meter Hub (WiZBAN) and WiZBAN In Home Display (WiZIHD) which caters for the smart grids services including smart metering and demand response. The WiZGW is the entrance of WiZBAN and connects WiZBAN to utilities. The WiZGW also teams up with WiZMH to enables VBC. On the other hand, WiZMH serves as the interception point of VBC and HFC. It interacts with smart meters and sets up the HFC together with WiZIHD to provide the user interface for end users. To shorten the transmission time, WiFi is adopted for VBC while ZigBee is applied to HCF to overcome the weak signal propagation. To investigate the performance of WiZBAN, a case study has been conducted based on an existing 23 floor residential building. From the measured and simulated results, the average round trip delay of demand response and smart metering are found to be 0.6 s and 9 s respectively.
文摘Technology advancement has ensured a better means of livelihood essentially in certain parts of West Africa, specifically Nigeria, where the climate is predominantly hot in most parts throughout the year. Air-conditioning has reduced the harshness of indoor discomforts to the barest minimum. It is no more uncommon to find it regularly in use in most homes and offices. Currently, the economy has the centrality of its power supply hinged on generator plants. The enigma of the current situation is how this alternative problem has catastrophic after effects on the environment. This and many more add up to the greatest of all the threats now evading our environment and the world -- Global warming. The threat of Global warming is real and the need to find less environmentally destructive sources of energy cannot be overemphasized. This paper is a contribution towards energy saving in buildings through the reduction of solar radiation incident on buildings. Sustainable Building calls for an integrated planning approach for operating buildings economically, substantially reducing their impact on the environment by reducing energy/power consumption, amongst others, and enhancing the well-being of their inhabitants. Only buildings that reconcile all of the above factors are fit for the future. A case study of the CMS （Catholic Mission School） Book Shop house in Lagos was carried out. The methodology involved the use of a solar chart and shadow angle protractor to determine the overheated periods represented by the shading masks and data collected. From this analysis, it was decided to accept the use of external sun shading and preliminary designs and specifications were prepared by the architects. The use of external solar screens made a saving of up to 75% of the energy input which would otherwise have been required by air-conditioning.
文摘In this paper, the authors proposed a model, to build trust in the infrastructure between the Consumer-to-Consumer （C2C） and some proposals, to increase the trust in building the infrastructure for electronic commerce between consumers C2C through a comparison of previous studies, which have been applied in many countries like America, China, France, Korea, and Philippines. In their work the authors focused on the relation between consumers C2C which is more successful than the Business-to-Consumer （B2C）, Business-to-Business （B2B）, and is more systems suitable for developing countries and have been applied in China.
文摘This paper presents the results of a combined study of building energy consumption and the electricity production from PV modules integrated into a shading device, taking account of different site layouts. Various combinations of surrounding building configurations and the tilt angles of the shading device （that determines the PV module orientation） are examined.
文摘This paper presents a realistic image synthesis system suitable to buildings. It includes anti-liasing, shadow testing, transparency processing and texture mapping. The Z-buffer algorithm is utilized for shading. A simplified light buffer is used for shadow preprocessing and ray-cast method is used for shadow test so that the computation is accelerated and high quality If images is gotten.
