Vertical errors often present in multibeam swath bathymetric data. They are mainly sourced by sound refraction, internal wave disturbance, imperfect tide correction, transducer mounting, long period heave, static draf...Vertical errors often present in multibeam swath bathymetric data. They are mainly sourced by sound refraction, internal wave disturbance, imperfect tide correction, transducer mounting, long period heave, static draft change, dynamic squat and dynamic motion residuals, etc. Although they can be partly removed or reduced by specific algorithms, the synthesized depth biases are unavoidable and sometimes have an important influence on high precise utilization of the final bathymetric data. In order to. confidently identify the decimeter-level changes in seabed morphology by MBES, we must remove or weaken depth biases and improve the precision of multibeam bathymetry further. The fixed-interval profiles that are perpendicular to the vessel track are generated to adjust depth biases between swaths. We present a kind of postprocessing method to minimize the depth biases by the histogram of cumulative depth biases. The datum line in each profile can be obtained by the maximum value of histogram. The corrections of depth biases can be calculated according to the datum line. And then the quality of final bathymetry can be improved by the corrections. The method is verified by a field test.展开更多
The aim of this study is to shed light on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province with an emphasis on the geochemistry of major elements. Gui...The aim of this study is to shed light on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province with an emphasis on the geochemistry of major elements. Guiyang City bears abundant underground waters and it is also an important representative of the karst areas throughout the world. Ca+{2+} and Mg+{2+} are the dominant cations, accounting for 81%-{99.7%} of the total, and HCO+--3 and SO+{2-}-4 are the dominant anions. Weathering of limestones and dolostones is the most important factor controlling the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters, and weathering of sulfate and evaporite rocks is less important. Moreover, the precipitation and human activities also have a definite influence on the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters in the region studied.展开更多
This paper pnesents a third gneration shallow Whter disode spedtal wave nbotal medeIYE-WAM based on the spedtal action balance equation. The mode accounts for all edevan effectsof currents on waves, incuding tmpotally...This paper pnesents a third gneration shallow Whter disode spedtal wave nbotal medeIYE-WAM based on the spedtal action balance equation. The mode accounts for all edevan effectsof currents on waves, incuding tmpotally and spatialy varying depth and current inded refraction,sttalning and fequency shift and also explidtly takeS into aanunt all source terms, speclally adePth-limited breaking dheipation. In addition, an energy forcing scheme is propond and applied to themode’s open boundaries to areUn for the propagution of sedIs into the study spstem The upwinddiffeIenng scheme and a standard hybrid diffdrencing scheme for the propagaion terrn and a simpleEuler method for the source teme are employed.展开更多
Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rule...Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rules can be obtained.展开更多
This paper presents numerical simulations of dam-break flow over a movable bed. Two different mathematical models were compared: a fully coupled formulation of shallow water equations with erosion and deposition terms...This paper presents numerical simulations of dam-break flow over a movable bed. Two different mathematical models were compared: a fully coupled formulation of shallow water equations with erosion and deposition terms(a depth-averaged concentration flux model), and shallow water equations with a fully coupled Exner equation(a bed load flux model). Both models were discretized using the cell-centered finite volume method, and a second-order Godunov-type scheme was used to solve the equations. The numerical flux was calculated using a Harten, Lax, and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored(HLLC). A novel slope source term treatment that considers the density change was introduced to the depth-averaged concentration flux model to obtain higher-order accuracy. A source term that accounts for the sediment flux was added to the bed load flux model to reflect the influence of sediment movement on the momentum of the water. In a onedimensional test case, a sensitivity study on different model parameters was carried out. For the depth-averaged concentration flux model,Manning's coefficient and sediment porosity values showed an almost linear relationship with the bottom change, and for the bed load flux model, the sediment porosity was identified as the most sensitive parameter. The capabilities and limitations of both model concepts are demonstrated in a benchmark experimental test case dealing with dam-break flow over variable bed topography.展开更多
基金supported by the project of Shandong Provincial National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.JQ201113)SDUST's National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.2010KYJQ102)
文摘Vertical errors often present in multibeam swath bathymetric data. They are mainly sourced by sound refraction, internal wave disturbance, imperfect tide correction, transducer mounting, long period heave, static draft change, dynamic squat and dynamic motion residuals, etc. Although they can be partly removed or reduced by specific algorithms, the synthesized depth biases are unavoidable and sometimes have an important influence on high precise utilization of the final bathymetric data. In order to. confidently identify the decimeter-level changes in seabed morphology by MBES, we must remove or weaken depth biases and improve the precision of multibeam bathymetry further. The fixed-interval profiles that are perpendicular to the vessel track are generated to adjust depth biases between swaths. We present a kind of postprocessing method to minimize the depth biases by the histogram of cumulative depth biases. The datum line in each profile can be obtained by the maximum value of histogram. The corrections of depth biases can be calculated according to the datum line. And then the quality of final bathymetry can be improved by the corrections. The method is verified by a field test.
文摘The aim of this study is to shed light on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province with an emphasis on the geochemistry of major elements. Guiyang City bears abundant underground waters and it is also an important representative of the karst areas throughout the world. Ca+{2+} and Mg+{2+} are the dominant cations, accounting for 81%-{99.7%} of the total, and HCO+--3 and SO+{2-}-4 are the dominant anions. Weathering of limestones and dolostones is the most important factor controlling the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters, and weathering of sulfate and evaporite rocks is less important. Moreover, the precipitation and human activities also have a definite influence on the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters in the region studied.
基金Supported by the National Eighty-Five-Year Project D09920109 and Chinese Academy of Sciences and State Education Commission
文摘This paper pnesents a third gneration shallow Whter disode spedtal wave nbotal medeIYE-WAM based on the spedtal action balance equation. The mode accounts for all edevan effectsof currents on waves, incuding tmpotally and spatialy varying depth and current inded refraction,sttalning and fequency shift and also explidtly takeS into aanunt all source terms, speclally adePth-limited breaking dheipation. In addition, an energy forcing scheme is propond and applied to themode’s open boundaries to areUn for the propagution of sedIs into the study spstem The upwinddiffeIenng scheme and a standard hybrid diffdrencing scheme for the propagaion terrn and a simpleEuler method for the source teme are employed.
文摘Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rules can be obtained.
文摘This paper presents numerical simulations of dam-break flow over a movable bed. Two different mathematical models were compared: a fully coupled formulation of shallow water equations with erosion and deposition terms(a depth-averaged concentration flux model), and shallow water equations with a fully coupled Exner equation(a bed load flux model). Both models were discretized using the cell-centered finite volume method, and a second-order Godunov-type scheme was used to solve the equations. The numerical flux was calculated using a Harten, Lax, and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the contact wave restored(HLLC). A novel slope source term treatment that considers the density change was introduced to the depth-averaged concentration flux model to obtain higher-order accuracy. A source term that accounts for the sediment flux was added to the bed load flux model to reflect the influence of sediment movement on the momentum of the water. In a onedimensional test case, a sensitivity study on different model parameters was carried out. For the depth-averaged concentration flux model,Manning's coefficient and sediment porosity values showed an almost linear relationship with the bottom change, and for the bed load flux model, the sediment porosity was identified as the most sensitive parameter. The capabilities and limitations of both model concepts are demonstrated in a benchmark experimental test case dealing with dam-break flow over variable bed topography.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10472032,50879030,51179077)the Project Founded by Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
