ALTERNATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE SHEAR PLANE OF THE R-PHASE

A high density of {110} shear planes has been observed in the R-phase (Al5CuLi3)following phase transformation from the AlCuLi icosahedral Phase. The Present paper shows that the atomic arrangement in the vicinity of the shear planes can be described as a two-dimensional periodic array of atom clusters with 5-fold symmetry. This result is obtained by projecting along the [1. 618...01] direction of the atomic positions from four adjacent lattice planes that cross the shear plane. The projection reveals that the shear plane consists of pentagonal arrangements of double triacontahedra,each pentagon incorporating 606 atoms. The calculated diffraction pattern from the pentagon has approximate 10-fold symmetry characteristic of a quasicrystal.

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification of Crack Initiation Characteristics of Compression-Shear Plane Crack with Hydraulic Pressure

In this paper, the crack initiation characteristics of compression-shear plane crack with hydraulic pressure were studied by using theoretical analysis and experimental verification methods. The formula derivation process of stress intensity factor of crack tip and open-type crack initiation angle and initiation strength was expounded in detail. Cement mortar specimens prefabricated with open-type crack were made for biaxial compression test. The results show that the mode I stress intensity factor is inversely proportional to the dip angle of pre-exciting crack, water pressure and crack width. The fracture toughness is most easily achieved when the dip angle of pre-exciting crack is 60°. The mode II stress intensity factor is symmetrically distributed with the dip angle and independent of the water pressure and crack width. For open-type crack, the crack initiation angle decreases with the increase of the dip angle of pre-exciting crack, water pressure and crack width;the crack initiation strength is inversely proportional to the water pressure and proportional to the lateral pressure. The research results can provide ideas for the study of crack initiation under the coupling of ground stress and osmotic pressure in tunnel engineering.

THE NONLINEAR STABILITY OF PLANE PARALLEL SHEAR FLOWS WITH RESPECT TO TILTED

The nonlinear stability of plane parallel shear flows with respect to tilted perturbations is studied by energy methods.Tilted perturbation refers to the fact that perturbations form an angleθ∈(0,π/2)with the direction of the basic flows.By defining an energy functional,it is proven that plane parallel shear flows are unconditionally nonlinearly exponentially stable for tilted streamwise perturbation when the Reynolds number is below a certain critical value and the boundary conditions are either rigid or stress-free.In the case of stress-free boundaries,by taking advantage of the poloidal-toroidal decomposition of a solenoidal field to define energy functionals,it can be even shown that plane parallel shear flows are unconditionally nonlinearly exponentially stable for all Reynolds numbers,where the tilted perturbation can be either spanwise or streamwise.

Tunnel effect of fractal fault and transient S-wave velocity rupture (TSVR) of in-plane shear fault

Transient S wave velocity rupture (TSVR) means the velocity of fault rupture propagation is between S wave velocity α and P wave velocity β . Its existing in the rupture of in plane ( i.e . strike slip) fault has been proved, but in 2 dimensional classical model, there are two difficulties in transient S wave velocity rupture, i.e ., initialization difficulty and divergence difficulty in interpreting the realization of TSVR. The initialization difficulty means, when v ↑ v R (Rayleigh wave velocity), the dynamic stress strength factor K 2(t) →+0, and changes from positive into negative in the interval ( v R, β ). How v transit the forbidden of ( v R, β )? The divergence difficulty means K 2(t) →+∞ when v ↓ β . Here we introduce the concept of fractal and tunnel effect that exist everywhere in fault. The structure of all the faults is fractal with multiple cracks. The velocity of fault rupture is differentiate of the length of the fault respect to time, so the rupture velocity is also fractal. The tunnel effect means the dynamic rupture crosses over the interval of the cracks, and the coalescence of the intervals is slower than the propagation of disturbance. Suppose the area of earthquake nucleation is critical or sub critical propagation everywhere, the arriving of disturbance triggers or accelerates the propagation of cracks tip at once, and the observation system cannot distinguish the front of disturbance and the tip of fracture. Then the speed of disturbance may be identified as fracture velocity, and the phenomenon of TSVR appears, which is an apparent velocity. The real reason of apparent velocity is that the mathematics model of shear rupture is simplified of complex process originally. The dual character of rupture velocity means that the apparent velocity of fault and the real velocity of micro crack extending, which are different in physics, but are unified in rupture criterion. Introducing the above mentioned concept to the calculation of K 2 (t) , the difficulty of initialization can be overcome, and the integral equation of triggering the initialization of TSVR is given quantitatively. By solving this integral equation, the lower limit of TSVR is 1.105 3 β , not β , and the divergence difficulty is overcome. TSVR is unstable solution, and may degenerate to sub Rayleigh wave velocity rupture immediately where the non critical condition can be measured. The results of this paper show that the initialization and continuum depends on the condition of earthquake nucleation in seismogenic area.

Three-Dimensional Scattering of an Incident Plane Shear Horizontal Guided Wave by a Partly through-Thickness Hole in a Plate

We investigate the three-dimensional （3D） scattering problem of an incident plane shear horizontal wave by a partly through-thickness hole in an isotropic plate, in which the Lamb wave modes are also included due to the mode conversions by the scattering obstacle in the 3D problem. An analytical model is presented such that the wave fields are expanded in all of propagating and evanescent SH modes and Lamb modes, and the scattered far-fields of three fundamental guided wave modes are analyzed numerically for different sizes of the holes and frequencies. The numerical results are verified by comparing with those obtained by using the approximate Poisson/Mindlin plate model for small hole radius and low frequency. It is also found that the scattering patterns are different from those of the SO wave incidence. Our work is useful for quantitative evaluation of the plate-like structure by ultrasonic guided waves.

ELECTROELASTIC FIELD FOR AN IMPERMEABLE ANTI-PLANE SHEAR CRACK IN A PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS PLATE

Electroelastic behavior of a cracked piezoelectric ceramics plate subjected to four Cases of combined mechanical-electrical loads is analyzed. The integral transform method is applied to convert the problem involving an impermeable anti-plane crack to dual integral equations. Solving the resulting equations, the explicit analytic expressions for electroelastic field along the crack line and the intensity factors of relevant quantities near the crack tip and the mechanical strain energy release rate we obtained, The known results for an infinite piezoelectric ceramics plane containing an impermeable anti-plane crack are recovered from the present results only if the thickness of the plate h --> infinity.

Analytical and numerical solutions for shear mechanical behaviors of structural plane

The original descriptive model of shear stress and shear displacement only reflects the stress deformation characteristics of plastic structural plane.The index model was revised and piecewise index model was built to describe the stress deformation characteristics of plastic structural plane and brittle structural plane.The relation of stress and strain to the failure mode of structural plane considering the effect of its shape was investigated,and a model which could reflect the relation between undulate angle and shear strength was built.The result indicates that structural plane presents nonlinear characteristics,specifically,the value of undulate angle,as well as corresponding shear strength,becomes larger as the normal stress decreases.

Nonlinear Stability of Plane Rotating Shear Flow under Three-Dimensional Nondivergence Disturbances

Nonlinear stability criterion for plane rotating shear flow under three-dimensional nondivergence disturbances was obtained by using both variational principle and convexity estimate introduced by Arnold (1965) and Holm et al. (1985). The results obtained in this paper show that the effect of Coriolis force plays an important role in the nonlinear stability criterion, and the nonlinear stability property of the basic flow depends on both the distribution of basic states and the way the external disturbance acts on the states. The upper bound of the gradient of the mass density displacement from the equilibrium k2 = is determined by the basic states and one example was given to show the exact upper value of k. The remarks on Blumen's paper were also given at Section 4 of this paper.

Evaluation of in-plane shear test methods for composite material laminates

In-plane shear properties of composite material laminates are very important in structural design of composite material. Four commonly used in-plane shear test methods were introduced in this paper. In order to study the differences of various shear test methods, two ASTM standard in-plane shear test methods for composite material laminates were experimentally investigated. They are ±45° tensile shear test (ASTM D3518) and V-notched rail shear test (ASTM D7078). Five types of composite material laminates composed of E-glass fiber fabric and vinyl ester resin were utilized, whose stacking sequences are 03s, 0/903s, CSM/0/902s, ±453s and (0/90)2/(±45)2/(0/90)2s, respectively. The test results indicate that the ±45° tensile shear test can predict shear moduli of composite material laminates accurately. However, the predictions of shear strength using ±45° tensile shear test are significantly lower than those of V-notched rail shear test.

Out-of-plane shear flow effects on fast magnetic reconnection in a two-dimensional hybrid simulation model

The effects of out-of-plane shear flows on fast magnetic reconnection are numerically investigated by a two- dimensional （2D） hybrid model in an initial Harris sheet equilibrium with flows. The equilibrium and driven shear flows out of the 2D reconnection plane with symmetric and antisymmetric profiles respectively are used in the simulation. It is found that the out-of-plane flows with shears in-plane can change the quadrupolar structure of the out-of-plane magnetic field and, therefore, modify the growth rate of magnetic reconnection. Furthermore, the driven flow varying along the anti-parallel magnetic field can either enhance or reduce the reconnection rate as the direction of flow changes. Secondary islands are also generated in the process with converting the initial X-point into an O-point.

基于定制纤维铺放工艺的电加热织物制备及其半球成型性能

为开发既具有电热性能又满足对三维表面具有一定适应性的电加热织物,采用定制纤维铺放(TFP)工艺设计制备直线形、正弦波形、锯齿形和尖角形4种镍铬合金丝排布方式的电加热织物,研究电加热织物的电热性能和半球成型性能。结果表明:10 V直流电压下通电30 s,4种电加热织物表面最高平衡温度分别达到159.5、92.8、66.7和31.5℃,温度分布均匀;反作用力与镍铬合金丝排布方式密切相关;半球成型最终状态下,直线形电加热织物成型反作用力最小,表面褶皱和细观缺陷最少,且最大面内剪切角为32.26°;与未引入镍铬合金丝玻璃纤维基底织物相近,即直线形电加热织物半球成型性优于正弦波形、锯齿形和尖角形电加热织物。

糖尿病周围神经病变患者上肢动脉弹性及血流动力学研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者及合并周围神经病变患者上肢动脉弹性及血流动力学特点。方法选取T2DM患者116例,根据是否合并周围神经病变(DPN)分为单纯T2DM组及DPN组各58例,同时纳入健康对照组104例。比较三组实验室检查资料、临床基本信息。采用彩色多普勒超声结合平面波超敏感血流显像技术测量肱动脉(BA)、尺动脉(UA)、桡动脉(RA)、掌浅弓动脉(SPAA)、指掌侧固有动脉(PPDA)、指背动脉弓(DDAA)及甲床三级动脉弓(FN3AA)的收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)、单位时间均速(TAMV)、阻力指数(RI)、血流容积速度(VFlow);测定BA前壁及后壁的弹性杨氏模量最大值、最小值和平均值。结果与正常对照组比较,DPN组与单纯T2DM组BMI增高;甲床二三级动脉弓吻合支数显示减少、肱动脉内中膜增厚;肱动脉前壁及后壁的剪切波弹性值最大值、最小值、平均值均增高;UA、RA、PPDA、DDAA、FN3AA的RI值均增大(P<0.05)。与单纯T2DM组相比,DPN组肱动脉内中膜较厚且查见斑点例数较多,DPN组RA、SPAA、PPDA、DDAA、FN3AA的RI值均高于单纯T2DM组(P<0.05);DPN组SPAA、PPDA、DDAA的EDV、VFlow较单纯T2DM组减小(P<0.05)。DPN组的糖尿病患病时间、1周内最高空腹血糖、血肌酐值高于单纯T2DM组(P<0.05)。结论T2DM患者上肢动脉管壁变硬,且伴随微小动脉管腔内血流阻力增高;DPN患者外周动脉及微循环血流动力学较单纯T2DM患者受损更严重。

PPGF-灰岩胶结面剪切力学特性试验研究

为探究浆液—裂隙胶结面的剪切开裂破坏规律与力学响应机制,以新型石墨烯基注浆材料PPGF为研究对象,开展了不同石墨烯掺量、不同裂隙粗糙度以及不同法向载荷条件下的PPGF-灰岩胶结体直剪试验,得到了石墨烯、裂隙粗糙度与法向载荷对胶结面开裂、剪切应力与法向位移的影响规律。结果表明:随石墨烯掺量的增加,最大剪切应力呈先增大再减小的变化规律,并且掺量为0.036%时增幅最大。当胶结面的剪切破坏以爬坡滑移为主导时,石墨烯与法向载荷对剪胀位移的影响较小,当剪切破坏以剪断滑动为主导时,石墨烯和法向载荷对剪胀位移影响较大。石墨烯可以增加PPGF的黏结强度,延缓胶结面开裂。开裂剪切位移随粗糙度的增大而增大,随法向载荷的增加而减小。

共固化穿孔纤维增强阻尼薄膜结构面内力学性能研究

共固化穿孔纤维增强阻尼薄膜结构(CCPFRDFE)是一种大阻尼、高层间结合性能的新型阻尼处理模式,在空天技术、尖端武器、快速交通等领域具有广阔的应用前景。但复杂的结构为其力学性能的研究增加了难度,未知的力学性能限制了该新结构的开发与应用。介绍了CCPFRDFE的制作工艺,建立了CCPFRDFE有限元模型,并搭建实验平台对有限元模型进行了验证。利用有限元模型,分别研究了纤维增强阻尼层穿孔孔径、孔距和阻尼材料厚度对CCPFRDFE面内等效弹性参数的影响规律。结果表明,增加穿孔孔径、减小孔距、增加阻尼层厚度有利于提高CCPFRDFE面内等效剪切模量,但不利于提高面内等效弹性模量。所得结果将为非连续阻尼薄复合材料的振动特性研究与大挠度设计奠定基础。

四分之一空间内椭圆孔对SH(shearing horizontal,反平面剪切)波的散射

利用保角变换和多极坐标移动技术,求解四分之一空间内含有椭圆孔时椭圆孔对入射平面SH(shearing hori-zontal)波的稳态散射问题。首先利用四分之一空间两垂直边界处的应力自由条件,写出不含椭圆孔时空间介质内的反射波场;其次,通过保角映射技术考虑空间介质内含有任意主轴方向的椭圆孔时,由于椭圆孔对入射和反射波场的散射作用而产生的散射波场,并预先使得该散射波场满足四分之一空间介质两垂直边界处的应力自由条件,利用叠加原理,将入射波场、反射波场和散射波场叠加起来,即可得到问题的总位移波场。最后借助于椭圆孔边界处的应力自由条件和傅里叶级数展开列出求解散射波解中未知系数的无穷代数方程组,在满足计算精度的前提下将方程组进行有限项截断,得到一个有限线性方程组并求解。通过算例具体讨论四分之一空间内椭圆孔边界处的环向动应力集中系数随入射波入射角、无量纲波数、椭圆孔方位参数的变化情况。

基于机器学习的岩体结构面剪切破坏区域预测研究

剪切破坏区域是岩体结构面上下盘相对运动的主要接触区域,对抗剪强度具有重要影响。鉴于结构面剪切破坏区域与形貌特征的高度非线性关系,本文在分析结构面表面形貌特征及剪切机制的基础上,以粗糙度参数倾向、倾角、曲率、高差和孔径分布来描述结构面表面形貌特征。对结构面试样开展法向应力为1.0 MPa的直剪试验,通过图像分割技术提取剪切破坏区域,利用多种机器学习方法构建结构面剪切破坏区域预测模型,建立结构面粗糙度参数与破坏状态之间的非线性关系,并采用训练准确率和AUC(Area Under Curve)值等指标对模型预测性能进行评估。结果表明所建立的模型中集成装袋树预测性能最好,其次是K最近邻,其训练准确率最高分别可达98.02%和97.38%,AUC值最高分别可达0.78和0.74。通过敏感性分析发现孔径分布对剪切破坏区域的影响最大。本研究对有效分析结构面的剪切破坏机理和准确评价抗剪强度具有重要意义。

某堆填土欠稳定高边坡抗剪强度参数取值研究

梧州市某楼盘在建筑安全影响范围内有一削坡形成的高度20~45 m的堆填土高边坡,存在较大滑塌安全隐患,需对该欠稳定高边坡综合整治处理。为取得符合实际的、经济合理的边坡设计抗剪强度参数,采用了综合法确定抗剪强度参数,即采用现场原位直剪试验、室内重塑土样试验、多元线性回归法等,综合分析确定欠稳定高边坡的抗剪强度参数。结果表明:采用综合法参数取值能优化边坡设计、缩短治理工期、节约治理费用,治理效果显著。

某大跨度异形板的结构设计与分析

以广州某住宅楼大跨度异形板为例,针对大跨度异形板及周边剪力墙容易出现裂缝的问题,通过强度设计、挠度裂缝分析、温度应力分析、舒适度分析、剪力墙平面外强度分析等设计方法,提出防止出现裂缝问题的措施在于大跨度异形板不仅要加强构造,还应在计算中同时满足强度计、裂缝计算、温度应力计算、舒适度计算、剪力墙平面外强度计算,以此满足结构安全和使用舒适度要求。

Shear stress distribution and characteristics of deformation for shear band-elastic body system at pre-peak and post-peak

The distributed shear stress and the displacement across shear band, the evolution of plastic zones, and the load-carrying capacity of rock specimen were investigated in plane strain direct shear test according to Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC). And then the shear displacement distribution in normal direction of system composed of localized shear band and elastic rock was analyzed based on gradient-dependent plasticity. The adopted failure criterion was a composite of Mohr-Coulomb criterion, that is, the relation between tension cut-off and post-peak constitutive of rock was linear strain-softening. Numerical results show that shear stress field approximately undergoes three different stages. At first, shear stress is only concentrated in the middle of top and base of specimen. Next, shear stress in the middle of specimen tends to increase, owing to superposition of shear stresses. Interestingly, two peaks of shear stress appear far from the loading ends of specimen, and the peaks approach with the increase in timestep until elements at the center of specimen yield. Finally, relatively lower shear stress level is reached in large part of specimen except in the regions near the two ends. As flow stress decreases, the analytical shear displacement distribution in shear band based on gradient-dependent plasticity becomes steep; outside the band, it is linear and its slope tends to decrease. These theoretical results qualitatively agree with that of the present numerical predicted results. Main advantage of the analytical solution over the numerical results according to FLAC is that it is continuous, smooth and non-linear (except at elastic stage).

Dynamic anti-plane analysis for two symmetrically interfacial cracks near circular cavity in piezoelectric bi-materials

The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave （SH-wave）. An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green＇s function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.