Impacts of Disk Rock Sample Geometric Dimensions on Shear Fracture Behavior in a Punch Shear Test

Punch shear tests have been widely used to determine rock shear mechanical properties but without a standard sample geometric dimension suggestion.To investigate the impacts of sample geometric dimensions on shear behaviors in a punch shear test,simulations using Particle Flow Code were carried out.The effects of three geometric dimensions(i.e.,disk diameter,ratio of shear surface diameter to disk diameter,and ratio of disk height to shear surface diameter)were discussed.Variations of shear strength,shear stiffness,and shear dilatancy angles were studied,and the fracture processes and patterns of samples were investigated.Then,normal stress on the shear surface during test was analyzed and a suggested disk geometric dimension was given.Simulation results show that when the ratio of the shear surface diameter to the disk diameter and the ratio of disk height to the shear surface diameter is small enough,the shear strength,shear stiffness,and shear dilatancy angles are extremely sensitive to the three geometric parameters.If the ratio of surface diameter to disk diameter is too large or the ratio of disk height to surface diameter is too small,a part of the sample within the shear surface will fail due to macro tensile cracks,which is characterized by break off.Samples with a greater ratio of disk height to shear surface diameter,namely when the sample is relatively thick,crack from one end to the other while others crack from both ends towards the middle.During test,the actual normal stress on the shear surface is greater than the target value because of the extra compressive stress from the part of sample outside shear surface.

Punching Shear Behavior of RC Slab-Column Connections with Nonrectangular Columns

This paper present an experimental study on the RC slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns, namely cross-shaped column, T-shaped column and L-shaped column. The punching shear deformation and strength characteristics of slab-column connections with nonrectangular columns under punching shear load are investigated. Nine specimens with the three kinds of nonrectangular columns and two reference specimens with square columns are tested. The tested ultimate loads, deformations, and failure modes of specimens are presented and discussed. Test results reveal that the punching shear strength and ductility of the connections with nonrectangular columns are higher than those of the corresponding connections with square columns, and also prove that the application of nonrectangular columns to flat-plate structure was feasible. Based on the test results, one method of calculating punching shear strength of connections with nonrectangular columns is proposed, which conforms with the current design practice of China. The test results on the punching shear strength are compared with the predictions of the formulas proposed by codes of several different countrie; and the predictions given by ACI code and China code are found to be conservative as the reinforcement ratio is increased.

Effect of the Shear Reinforcement Type on the Punching Resistance of Concrete Slabs

Punching shear failure of flat concrete slabs is a complex phenomenon with brittle failure mode, meaning sudden structural failure and rapid decrease of load carrying capacity. Due to these reasons, the application of appropriate punching shear reinforcement in the slabs could be essential. To obtain the required structural strength and performance in slab-column junctions, the effect of the shear reinforcement type on the punching resistance must be known. For this purpose, numerous nonlinear finite element simulations were carried out to determine the behavior and punching shear strength of flat concrete slabs with different punching shear reinforcement types. The efficiency of different reinforcement types was also determined and compared. Accuracy of the numerical simulations was verified by experimental results. Based on the comparison of numerical results,?the partial factor for the design formula used in Eurocode 2 was calculated and was found to be higher than the actual one.

Energy Absorption of Nano-Reinforced and Sandwich Composites in Ballistic and Low-Velocity Punch-Shear

This paper presents an investigation on energy absorption characteristics of nano-reinforced panels, laminated face sheets and sandwich composites in high velocity ballistic and low velocity punch-shear experiments. The vinyl ester panels were reinforced with 1.25 and 2.5 wt. percent nanoclay and exfoliated graphite platelets. Three different face sheets were manufactured with E-glass, Owens Corning HP ShieldStrand? glass and T-700 Carbon woven fabric in vinyl ester;and one with the E-glass and graphite platelets impregnated vinyl ester matrix. The sandwich composites were fabricated with balsa, PVC foam, 3D-fiber reinforced Tycor? and fire resistant fly-ash based Eco-Core? cores in between E-glass/vinyl ester face sheets. Ballistic tests were conducted according to NIJ level III using a universal receiver equipped with a barrel to launch 0.308 caliber M80 ball round projectile at about 890 m/s. Low velocity punch-shear tests were performed at around 3 m/s according to ASTM D3763 Standard using a drop-weight impact test system. The tortuosity of the fractured surface in nanocomposite specimens has been investigated using digital microscope. In ballistic tests, the 3-D fiber reinforced Tycor? core provided the most resistance when projectile strikes at the web-flange interface region. The 2.5 wt. pct. graphite platelet reinforced nanocomposite, HP ShieldStrand? glass vinyl ester face sheets, and E-glass/Eco-Core? sandwich composite showed the best energy absorption under low velocity punch-shear.

钢筋混凝土板柱节点冲切性能研究进展

为提高板柱节点冲切性能从而促进其工程应用,比较了各类抗冲切元件的不同布置形式、形状尺寸、几何参数以及组合形式对节点抗冲切承载力的影响,概括了受损板柱节点修复与加固的研究现状,梳理了不同开洞尺寸、距离、数量、形状及偏心荷载作用下开洞板柱试件抗冲切性能的研究成果,归纳了有无抗冲切钢筋和配置型钢剪力架板柱节点的抗冲切承载力计算方法以及基于机器学习的板柱节点冲切承载力预测方法。结果表明:各类抗冲切元件可通过改变布置形式、形状尺寸、几何参数以及元件组合从而改善板柱节点的冲切性能;板件开洞的尺寸越大、距离越远、数量越多,对节点的抗冲切性能越不利;基于数值模拟和规范改进得出的冲切承载力计算公式仅对特定试验有较高的预测精度,尚未形成较为统一的承载力计算公式,而基于机器学习的冲切承载力预测模型是未来研究的重点;需进一步开展关于受损板柱节点修复与加固方法的研究,对完善板柱节点抗冲切性能研究理论体系具有重要意义。

FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切强度公式评估

为评价现有FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切强度计算公式的精度,采用数理统计的方法对收集到的38组FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切强度试验数据进行评估。结果表明,影响FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切强度的主要因素有混凝土强度、临界冲切截面周长、有效板厚、FRP筋配筋率及其弹性模量、尺寸效应;在所评价的10个计算公式中,规范公式的预测结果大多比较保守,且其精度均低于文献公式;Ospina公式预测结果与试验结果最为接近,且精度最高,预测结果与试验结果比值的均值为1.03,标准差为16.04%,变异系数为15.53%。研究结果为FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切强度计算公式的进一步优化提供了参考。

不同配筋率下钢筋混凝土板柱节点抗冲切承载力试验研究

为研究纵筋配筋率对普通钢筋混凝土板柱节点抗冲切承载力的影响,制作了4个配筋率分别为0.3%、0.7%、1.2%及1.8%的无腹筋板柱中节点并进行冲切试验,试验结果表明:随着配筋率的增加,板柱节点的初始刚度和极限承载力明显增加,试件的延性降低,破坏模式由弯曲破坏逐渐向冲切破坏转变;收集并整理了国内外269个板柱节点冲切试验的数据,通过与采用中国规范、美国规范、欧洲规范和日本规范抗冲切承载力计算公式计算结果的对比分析,进一步说明了在冲切承载力计算公式中考虑纵筋配筋率的必要性;通过对试验数据的回归分析,考虑包含纵筋配筋率在内的主要影响因素,建立了适用于钢筋混凝土无腹筋板柱抗冲切承载力的计算公式。

NC–UHPC组合梁抗冲击性能的数值研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)材料已成为极具前景的高性能材料,并在冲击和爆炸等防护工程领域中取得了良好的效果.对于普通钢筋混凝土(NC)梁在受到冲击荷载时较易发生局部冲剪破坏,而纯UHPC梁虽可改善其冲击性能,但高昂的造价限制了其进一步的应用.为了实现结构抗冲击性能和经济的平衡,提出UHPC局部替换和包裹的方案改善钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击性能.本文设计了NC梁、UHPC梁和NC–UHPC组合梁等不同的研究工况,然后对比分析各个试件的抗冲击性能.结果表明:相比普通钢筋混凝土梁,UHPC局部替换方案可以有效的避免梁的局部冲剪破坏,而UHPC包裹在冲击荷载下梁的破坏模式由冲剪破坏转变为弯曲破坏,两种方案均可有效的减少梁跨中的峰值位移和残余位移;UHPC局部替换相较于包裹方案,梁的跨中峰值位移和残余位移较小,且具有更高的跨中承载能力,在实际过程中建议UHPC局部替换长度取大于2倍梁高以避免局部冲剪破坏.

配置抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点受冲切承载力计算

为计算配有常用抗冲切钢筋(箍筋和栓钉)的钢筋混凝土(RC)板柱节点的受冲切承载力,结合梁斜拉破坏机理和修正压力场理论(MCFT)提出一种配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载计算方法.首先根据MCFT推导出配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的临界斜裂缝倾角计算式;然后,假定冲切破坏时临界截面周长范围内的抗冲切钢筋达到屈服强度,将临界斜裂缝倾角代入MCFT推导出板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算方法;最后,使用该方法和美国规范(ACI 318-19)方法计算62个配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点试验的冲切承载力,并分析了混凝土强度、板有效厚度、柱截面边长、抗弯钢筋配筋率及抗冲切钢筋配筋率对节点抗冲切承载力的影响.结果表明:由MCFT推导出的节点受冲切承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好,均值为0.96,变异系数为0.20;节点的冲切承载力与上述影响因素呈非线性正相关.该方法可用于配有抗冲切钢筋的RC板柱节点的受冲切承载力计算.

凸模底部刃型对微冲裁落料件侧面光亮带的影响研究

微冲裁是一种具有大批量、高效率、低成本等特点的微加工技术。结合数值模拟仿真和实验数据分析,研究了凸模底部刃型对异形微冲裁落料件侧面成形质量的影响。首先,基于实验收集的冲裁位移-冲裁力数据,建立微冲裁有限元仿真模型;接着,基于仿真结果获取Mises应力数据,与测量的落料件侧面光亮带高度值建立关系并分析原因;然后,为设计提高落料件局部光亮带高度的非平刃凸模方案提供依据,再利用仿真分析选出最优的非平刃凸模设计方案;最后,利用微细电火花-微冲裁复合机床,在线制备了底部窄梁刃型高度为50μm的非平刃一凸模,并在厚度为80μm的3J21弹性合金箔料上进行冲裁实验。结果表明:凸模窄梁部位的非平刃一设计方案可提高局部位置的光亮带高度,从而提高落料件成形质量。

Engineering punching shear strength of flat slabs predicted by nature-inspired metaheuristic optimized regression system

Reinforced concrete(RC)flat slabs,a popular choice in construction due to their flexibility,are susceptible to sudden and brittle punching shear failure.Existing design methods often exhibit significant bias and variability.Accurate estimation of punching shear strength in RC flat slabs is crucial for effective concrete structure design and management.This study introduces a novel computation method,the jellyfish-least square support vector machine(JS-LSSVR)hybrid model,to predict punching shear strength.By combining machine learning(LSSVR)with jellyfish swarm(JS)intelligence,this hybrid model ensures precise and reliable predictions.The model’s development utilizes a real-world experimental data set.Comparison with seven established optimizers,including artificial bee colony(ABC),differential evolution(DE),genetic algorithm(GA),and others,as well as existing machine learning(ML)-based models and design codes,validates the superiority of the JS-LSSVR hybrid model.This innovative approach significantly enhances prediction accuracy,providing valuable support for civil engineers in estimating RC flat slab punching shear strength.

混凝土板柱结构地下车库设计方法的若干讨论

针对混凝土板柱结构地下车库的若干设计方法展开讨论,目的是澄清规范释义、消除认识歧义和完善规范内容。讨论包括三方面:①建议在规范中增加直剪设计内容;②梳理了增强抗冲切承载力的四种措施,介绍了其特点和涉及的规范内容,初步分析了它们设计表达式的安全裕度系数;③澄清地下室顶板作为上部结构嵌固部位的条件,以算例说明相关范围最小取地上结构投影范围是合理可行的。研究工作对在地下车库中科学合理地推广板柱结构具有积极作用。

约束条件对钢筋混凝土平板冲切承载力的影响

本文在实验的基础上建立不同约束条件的钢筋混凝土平板数值模拟试件,通过研究不同约束条件下钢筋混凝土平板的极限承载力及破坏形式,发现约束条件对钢筋混凝土极限承载力及破坏形式影响显著。简支及固支约束条件与支撑约束条件相比可大幅提升钢筋混凝土平板的极限承载力。对破坏形式的影响,发现约束条件越多试件的破坏形式越接近脆性破坏,当约束达到一定数量后再增加约束,试件的极限承载力及破坏形式的影响不再明显。

PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆设计

依托成都某PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆项目,介绍了PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆的设计计算方法。依据《建筑工程抗浮技术标准》(JGJ 476—2019)、《高压喷射扩大头锚杆技术规程》(JGJ/T 282—2012)、《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)(2015年版)等国家标准规范从PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆承载力计算、锚杆材料选用及强度计算、预应力损失及预应力张拉计算、锚墩区受压截面尺寸验算、筏板基础抗冲切验算等方面对PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆进行了计算。结果表明采用以上方法对PSB精轧螺纹钢预应力扩大头抗浮锚杆进行设计计算,能够满足行业内各规范的规定。

泡沫芯材开槽打孔方式对风电叶片轻量化的影响

风电叶片的大型化对叶片质量及成本提出更高的要求,在保证叶片质量的同时降低叶片重量,成为近年来叶片行业降本增效的重要方向。对腹板平板及壳体轮廓板泡沫芯材采用不同的开槽打孔方式,并对其灌注固化后吸胶量、密度及剪切性能进行计算测试。研究发现,增大十字开槽、打孔的间距及采用一字开槽、打孔方式可有效降低芯材吸胶量及密度,G13方向芯材剪切性能均满足要求,G23方向一字槽轮廓板剪切性能较弱;腹板平板主要受到点阵增强柱的影响,40 mm×40 mm双面十字浅槽及打孔试样吸胶后密度最低,减重最多,壳体轮廓板受到点阵增强及板格结构的交互作用,40 mm×40 mm十字深槽间距、20 mm×20 mm孔间距试样剪切性能符合要求,减重效果较好。

节点柔性理论对导管架平台强度分析的影响研究

本文研究了海上导管架平台的管节点柔性模拟方法,分析其对结构内力及位移的影响,及其导致的不同构件刚度和强度变化。通过南海西部典型导管架平台的分析,分别对比3种理论的差别;与刚性假定的结果对比,总结出节点柔性技术对结构强度、疲劳寿命以及极限强度的影响的一般结论。

FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力计算模型研究

为了得到较准确的FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力的计算模型,以FRP筋混凝土双向板为研究对象,运用文献综述、数据统计、模型分析和回归计算等研究方法,借助常用的FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力计算模型,对98块FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切试验数据进行计算和评估,并运用双向板临界冲切截面系数反演的方法,提出了一种新的FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力的计算模型,该模型对FRP筋混凝土结构在集中荷载作用下冲切承载力的预测具有较高的精度,计算结果与试验数据库吻合较好。该研究对FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力的设计具有指导意义,并对今后进一步提高FRP筋混凝土双向板冲切承载力计算模型的精度提供了重要参考。

玄武岩纤维混凝土板冲切试验与承载力分析

为探究玄武岩纤维对混凝土板抗冲切性能的增强效果,基于我国现行规范对此类构件冲切承载力计算方法提出修正建议。以纤维体积掺量(0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%)与纤维长度(12 mm、18 mm)为变量,对7个混凝土板试件进行冲切试验,研究各参数对试件极限承载力的影响,建立经试验验证的有限元模型并进行扩参数分析。结果表明:玄武岩纤维混凝土板的极限承载力随体积掺量的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,掺入长度为12 mm、18 mm的玄武岩纤维的试件较对比试件冲切承载力提升显著,最大提高幅度分别为40.9%和37.3%;纤维长度为12 mm,体积掺量为0.4%时,对混凝土板的抗冲切性能改善效果最佳。我国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)的冲切承载力计算值较试验结果偏于保守,考虑玄武岩纤维阻裂作用对临界截面周长的影响,对规范中的冲切承载力计算公式进行修正。

有效高度对GFRP筋混凝土板冲切性能的影响

相比于传统的钢筋混凝土板,玻璃纤维增强聚合物(Glass fiber reinforced polymer,GFRP)筋混凝土板具有较高的耐腐蚀性能和较长的使用寿命,被广泛应用于水利工程和港口工程中。有效高度是影响GFRP筋混凝土板冲切承载力的重要因素,为量化其影响规律,完成了3块不同有效高度GFRP筋混凝土板的冲切试验。通过分析板的破坏形式、荷载—变形曲线、GFRP筋应变和混凝土应变,获得了GFRP筋混凝土板有效高度与冲切承载力之间的定量关系。试验结果表明:3块板均被冲切破坏,当有效高度分别增大23%和57%时,虽然抗冲切承载力分别对应提高51%和116%,但是GFRP筋应变和混凝土压应变反而比例减小;增大有效高度虽然一定程度上会减小板的变形,但不是决定极限挠度的唯一因素,在实际设计中应适当考虑有效高度的影响。