Flow and transport simulation of Madeira River using three depth-averaged two-equation turbulence closure models

This paper describes a numerical simulation in the Amazon water system, aiming to develop a quasi-three-dimensional numerical tool for refined modeling of turbulent flow and passive transport of mass in natural waters. Three depth-averaged two-equation turbulence closure models, k-ε,k-w, and k-w, were used to close the non-simplified quasi-three-dimensional hydrodynamic fundamental governing equations. The discretized equations were solved with the advanced multi-grid iterative method using non-orthogonal body-fitted coarse and fine grids with collocated variable arrangement. Except for steady flow computation, the processes of contaminant inpouring and plume development at the beginning of discharge, caused by a side-discharge of a tributary, have also been numerically investigated. The three depth-averaged two-equation closure models are all suitable for modeling strong mixing turbulence. The newly established turbulence models such as the k-w model, with a higher order of magnitude of the turbulence parameter, provide a possibility for improving computational precision.

金盆水库上游降雨径流二维泥沙输移沉积模拟

为了探究降雨径流在不同流量、含沙量下对西安市金盆水库水体的影响规律,基于湍流流动模型,对2022年10月降雨径流时期西安市金盆水库上游的泥沙输移和沉积进行了数值模拟,并对所建立模型的可靠性进行了验证。通过对不同流量、含沙量下的径流进行模拟计算,表明在沿程前部断面处,流速越大底部含沙量越小;在沿程后部断面处,流速越大断面含沙量越高;径流含沙量越大,断面含沙量越大,泥沙分布厚度越大。因此,可以根据降雨径流时期来水的流量及含沙量分析泥沙输移沉积的过程,为水库的运行维护提供参考。

Study of limits to the rotation function in the SA-RC turbulence model

The Rotation and Curvature(RC)correction is an important turbulence model modifi-cation approach,and the Spalart-Allmaras model with the RC correction(SA-RC)has been exten-sively studied and used.As a multiplier of the modelling equation’s production term,the rotation function f_(r1)should have a cautiously designed value range,but its limit varies in different models and flow solvers.Therefore,the need of restriction is discussed theoretically,and the common range of f_(r1)is explored in Burgers vortexes.Afterwards,the SA-RC model with different limits is tested numerically.Negative f_(r1)always appears in the SA-RC model,and the difference between simula-tion results brought by the limits is not negligible.A lower limit of 0 enhances turbulence produc-tion,and therefore the vortex structures are dissipated faster and shrink in size,while an upper limit plays an opposite role.Considering that the lower limit of 0 usually promotes the simulation accu-racy and fixes the numerical defect,whereas the upper limit worsens the predictive performance in most cases,it is recommended to limit f_(r1)non-negative while utilizing the SA-RC model.In addi-tion,the RC-corrected model has a better prediction of the attached flow near curved walls,while the SA-Helicity model largely improves the simulation accuracy of three-dimensional large-scale vortices.The model combining both corrections has the potential to become more adaptive and more accurate.

Assessment of advanced RANS turbulence models for prediction of complex flows in compressors

Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) has been widely used in compressor design and analysis. However, reasonable prediction of compressor flow and its impact on compressor performance remains challenging. In this study, Menter’s Shear Stress Transport(SST) model and its variants, as well as the ω-based Reynolds stress model(Stress-BSL) are assessed. For a single rotor(Rotor 67), under the peak efficiency operating condition, all studied turbulence models predict its performance with reasonable accuracy;under the off-design conditions, SST with Helicity correction(SST-Helicity) shows superiority in predicting the effect of flow on the spanwise distribution of aerodynamic parameters. For Darmstadt’s 1.5-stage transonic axial compressor, SST-Helicity outperforms SST, SST with the Quadratic Constitutive Relation(SST-QCR) and Stress-BSL in predicting the performance as well as the spanwise distribution of aerodynamic parameters. At the design rotating speed, the stall margin given by SST-Helicity(20.90%) is the closest to the experimental measurement(24.81%), which is more than twice that by SST(8.71%) and 1.5 times that by SST-QCR(14.14%). This paper demonstrates that SSTHelicity model, together with a good quality and sufficiently refined grid, can capture the compressor flow features with reasonable accuracy, which results in a credible prediction of compressor performance and stage matching.

Derivation of a second-order model for Reynolds stress using renormalization group analysis and the two-scale expansion technique

With the two-scale expansion technique proposed by Yoshizawa,the turbulent fluctuating field is expanded around the isotropic field.At a low-order two-scale expansion,applying the mode coupling approximation in the Yakhot-Orszag renormalization group method to analyze the fluctuating field,the Reynolds-average terms in the Reynolds stress transport equation,such as the convective term,the pressure-gradient-velocity correlation term and the dissipation term,are modeled.Two numerical examples：turbulent flow past a backward-facing step and the fully developed flow in a rotating channel,are presented for testing the efficiency of the proposed second-order model.For these two numerical examples,the proposed model performs as well as the Gibson-Launder （GL） model,giving better prediction than the standard k-ε model,especially in the abilities to calculate the secondary flow in the backward-facing step flow and to capture the asymmetric turbulent structure caused by frame rotation.

Anomalous transport driven by ion temperature gradient instability in an anisotropic deuterium-tritium plasma

In this work,the anomalous transport driven by the ion temperature gradient instability is investigated in an anisotropic deuterium-tritium(D-T)plasma.The anisotropic factorα,defined as the ratio of perpendicular temperature to parallel temperature,is introduced to describe the temperature anisotropy in the equilibrium distribution function.The linear dispersion relation in local kinetic limit is derived,and then numerically evaluated to study the dependence of mode frequency on the anisotropic factorαof D and the fraction of T particleεTby choosing three sets of typical parameters,denoted as the cyclone base case,ITER and CFETR cases.Based on the linear results,the mixing length model approximation is adopted to analyze the quasi-linear particle and energy fluxes for D and T.It is found that choosing smallαand largeεTis beneficial for the confinement of particle and energy for D and T.This work may be helpful for the estimation of turbulent transport level in the ITER and CFETR devices.

CFD modeling of a headbox with injecting dilution water in a central step diffusion tube

For engineering applications of water dilution controlling system,the fluid dynamics of a mixed flow was studied with computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations and self-designed experimental set-up.In order to examine the predictability of CFD model for the headbox in industrial scale,two pulp suspensions before mixing were treated as homogeneous flows separately.Standard k-ε turbulence models with the mass diffusion in turbulent flows-species transport approach were applied in the simulations.A numerical simulation of this headbox model was analyzed with semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations scheme with pressure–velocity coupling.Results show that the model can predict hydrodynamic characteristics of headbox with injecting dilution water in a central diffusion tube,and the distribution of water content at the outlet of the slice lip is ideally normal at different speeds.

TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型及其检验

先进航空发动机燃烧室设计要求对湍流火焰精确控制,现有模拟方法需提高精度和效率。输运概率密度函数(TPDF)湍流燃烧模型精度高,代数二阶矩(ASOM)湍流燃烧模型计算成本低,类比离散涡模拟思想,基于Da数将湍流燃烧场区分“高精度”和“低成本”2个区域,在输运方程框架下采用随机场TPDF(高精度)和ASOM(低成本)方法重构TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,以提高模拟的整体精度和效率。在大涡模拟(LES)-TPDF程序平台创建ASOM并进一步实现TPDF-ASOM复合湍流燃烧模型,用Flame D实验数据检验所建模型和方法。结果表明:所建模型的预测结果与实验值接近,而且能够兼顾精度和计算效率。

随机场TPDF在非结构网格平台的开发及检验

为实现对燃烧室内部燃烧过程的高精度数值模拟,增强航空发动机燃烧室研究手段,采用开源的非结构网格平台Saturne,开发可以耦合详细化学反应机理,高精度解析湍流燃烧过程的概率密度函数输运方程(TPDF)湍流燃烧模型。采用随机场方法求解TPDF方程,在原有程序基础上研发了TPDF程序模块及配合的加速算法等模拟单元,发展了针对燃烧室燃烧过程模拟的软件功能。采用射流火焰Flame D和旋流火焰TECFLAM对新软件进行了测试,结果表明:模拟结果与试验数据趋势一致,精度尚可。对某型燃烧室性能模拟验证中,计算的出口温度分布与试验结果一致,平均温度误差小于3.8%,新的软件可进一步应用于燃烧室性能的研究。

基于曲线坐标系浸没边界方法的折流燃烧室模拟

航空发动机折流燃烧室几何结构复杂,其高保真数值模拟需要高效的网格与边界条件处理方法。采用曲线坐标系隐式浸没边界方法结合大涡模拟-概率密度函数输运方程湍流燃烧模型开发自研软件,并实现WP11中折流燃烧室的高保真模拟。流动模拟中准确解析了该燃烧室中的三股主要气流,且三股气流分别约占进口流量的75%,12.5%和12.5%。两相燃烧模拟中针对拉格朗日框架下的液滴运动和欧拉框架下的湍流燃烧采用不同网格标记,模拟得到的出口径向温度分布规律与实验一致,平均相对误差为17.95%,表明基于本方法开发的自研软件能准确模拟折流燃烧室中的两相湍流燃烧现象。

An inter-tidal transport equation coupled with turbulent K-ε model in a tidal and quasi-steady current system

This note attempts to derive an inter-tidal transport equation coupled with turbulent-closure model in a tidal and quasi-steady current system with convection dominant or in the order of turbulent diffusion.

A three-dimensional solid-liquid two-phase turbulence model with the effect of vegetation in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates

A three-dimensional k-ε-Ap solid-liquid two-phase two-fluid model with the effect of vegetation is solved numerically with a finite-volume method on an adaptive grid to study water-sediment movements and bed evolution in vegetated channels. The additional drag force and additional turbulence generation due to vegetation are added to the relevant control equations for simulating the interaction between vegetation and flow. The flow structure and the bed-topography changes in a 60° partly vegetated channel bend are calculated by the model. The numerical results agree well with the measured ones. Calculated and measured results show that the primary flow velocity reduces much in the vegetation zone and increases in the non-vegetation zone, the secondary flow velocity weakens in the vegetation zone and strengthens in the non-vegetation zone, the sediment movement and bed-topography change also weaken in the vegetation zone and strengthen in the non-vegetation zone, a well-planed vegetation arrangement can improve bank stabilization program, and the k-ε-Ap model can deal with bed-load transport with a more reasonable method than the one-fluid model.

提高k-ω SST模型对翼型失速特性的模拟能力

采用CFD软件fluent,k-ωSST模型对S825翼型进行了二维数值模拟.针对k-ωSST模型对翼型分离失速特性模拟不准的情况,对分离区域内湍流的强非平衡输运特性进行了分析.研究表明:原始模型由于不能准确模拟分离区内湍流的强非平衡输运特性,导致其对翼型失速特性模拟失效;提出了通过修正模型系数a1及β*∞,提高k-ωSST模型预测非平衡湍流输运特性的方法,从而提高对翼型失速特性的模拟精度.

输油管道油流带电的计算模型

给出了层流和紊流条件下新的管道油流带电计算模型。基于Gavis J的放电机理,对管壁-油界面处的边界条件提出了一种新的确定方法。分别推导出了两种流态下简单管道内电荷输运方程的表达式,并对方程的边界条件处理进行了研究。计算模型中考虑了油流速度、油的电导率和油温等因素对油流带电的影响,克服了以往模型中存在着难以确定的变量的缺点。利用计算模型对两条实验油道的油流带电量进行了计算,计算值和实验值的对比结果表明,计算值和实验值比较吻合。

明渠交汇口水流及污染物输移数值计算

针对明渠交汇口流动特性应用深度平均H L紊流模型和污染物传输方程建立了明渠交汇口水流流动及污染物输移模型;采用有限体积法离散格式及交错网格上的水深-速度校正算法进行了数值计算并应用实测资料对数值模型进行了验证。计算结果与实测资料吻合较好,表明所提出的模型能较好的预测交汇口水流分离区及污染混合区形状及大小。

潮汐水域电厂温排水的水流和热传输准三维数值模拟

本文采用浮力修正的k-ε湍流模型,三维离散型边界拟合坐标变换下的控制体积法,进行滨海电厂冷却水工程的潮汐水流和热传输的三维数值模拟研究。以泉州湾水域某核电厂冷却水工程为例,对表排深取的工程布置方案进行了数值计算。计算所得的该水域潮位、流速和流向与原体观测资料吻合良好;所得温排水的温升范围以电厂排水口为中心,沿泉州湾北岸成带状分布;对排水口近区垂向温度分布计算结果与物理模型试验值进行的比较分析表明,排水口附近区域有明显的热水分层现象,但其热水层比试验结果偏小,考虑到物理模型试验也存在着变态效应,总体上认为温度场的计算结果与试验资料趋势一致。

丁坝冲刷的三维紊流模拟研究

丁坝附近的流态和冲刷情况在工程中一直受到人们的重视。本文采用三维RNG紊流模型,结合璧面函数法,利用VOF方法和空度方法处理不规则边界、河床变形及自由水面,采用不平衡推移质输沙模型,同时考虑床面坡度对推移质输沙及临界启动切应力的综合影响,精细模拟了丁坝附近的流场、地形冲淤变化、冲刷坑形态等,并把计算结果与实验资料进行了对比分析,二者吻合较好。模型准确的反映了丁坝局部流态、冲刷的过程和特征。

大型载货汽车驾驶室与货厢间隙对气动力特性的影响

以简化的大型载货汽车模型GTS为研究对象,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和混合网格技术,分别模拟了气流流过驾驶室与货厢之间不同长度的间隙时产生的流场形态。通过分析不同间隙区域的流场形态分布和空气阻力系数的变化规律发现,间隙长度G≤55%时,对整车的气动力特性的影响较小;当G>55%时,气动力特性的变化对整车的影响逐步增大。同时研究发现,在GTS模型的驾驶室顶部加装导流罩可改善整车的气动力特性。

重型燃气轮机DLN燃烧室环形区的优化

为了研究一种引进的燃气轮机干式低污染燃烧室性能并探索其设计方法,采用数值方法计算了该燃烧室环形区的流场和温度场,发现环形区存在燃烧效率低、污染物生成高等不足之处．对可能的设计思路进行了分析,并进一步提出两种结构改进方案,数值计算表明,改进方案可显著提高燃烧效率并降低污染物生成．

S弯扩压器中四种湍流模型的比较

采用Realizableκ-ε,S-A(Spalart-Allmaras),SST(Shear stress transport剪切应力输运),RSM(Reynolds stress equation model雷诺应力模型)四种湍流模型对S弯扩压器内的分离流动进行了模拟,分析了不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响.将不同轴向位置的表面压力系数、分离区的大小、马赫数等三个量的实验值与计算值进行了比较,结果表明:分离区湍流模型对表面压力分布影响较大,未分离区不同湍流模型模拟精度相当;S-A模型对分离区的模拟较保守,RSM模型对分离的模拟精度较高,SST与RSM模拟结果很接近;各湍流模型计算的高速区域均比实验值大.扩压器的平均总压恢复系数受湍流模型影响不大,和实验结果吻合较好.