Shell characterization and effects on cavity volume of wild Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea ariakensis in different estuaries of China

Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea ariakensis,a species with economic and ecological value,is distributed along the estuaries and coasts of East Asia.With the decline in natural resources,the conservation and aquaculture of this species is urgent.However,studies characterizing their shell shape remain scarce.We investigated the morphological differences in the shells of wild Jinjiang oysters from six populations(Qinzhou,Shanghai,Nantong,Qingdao,and Binzhou hard or muddy bottom)along the coast of China.The color of the shell and adductor muscle scar showed associations with temperature gradient along its geographical distribution.Oyster shape was defined by shell height to shell length ratio,and the ratio varies among geographic locations of the populations.They were found nearly round(Qinzhou and Nantong populations),oval(Qingdao and Binzhou populations),or water-droplet-shaped(Shanghai population).Binzhou populations living on muddy substrates are more elongated than those on hard substrate.In addition,we developed a method to measure the cavity volume in oysters.Correlation and path analysis showed that shell height significantly influenced cavity volume.The synergistic effect of the two factors(the height,length,and width of the shell in pairs)on the cavity volume resulted in differences between northern and southern groups:samples from the southern group(Qinzhou and Shanghai)showed correlation between shell height and shell width,while those from the northern group(Nantong,Qingdao,and Binzhou)showed correlation between shell height and shell length.All populations showed significant correlation between shell height and cavity height,and shell length and cavity length,while the correlation between shell width and cavity width was minimal,which may have been resulted from uneven shell thickness.The linear equation for shell height and cavity volume under different ratios of shell height to length was obtained.In this study,we determined that shell height has the most influence on cavity volume,and specific cavity volume fitting linear equations are given for different shell types,which may provide a reference for future oyster breeding for shell shaping.

改进Alpha Shapes和快速凸壳算法的SVM故障诊断

现有的基于凸壳的支持向量机(SVM)算法处理机械装备产生的大规模原始数据时间太长。针对这一问题,通过结合轮廓提取算法(Alpha Shapes)和快速凸壳算法,提出一种结合改进快速凸壳算法的SVM用于故障诊断研究。该融合算法利用改进简化的Alpha Shapes算法提取点集的边界数据点,作为改进的快速凸壳算法的对象,减少凸壳算法递归的工作量。实验结果表明:该算法平均只提取了数据集0.26%的数据点,且计算的时间也相应降低。最后实验同样表明该算法的性能优于单一的SVM算法。

Numerical Simulation of the Shaped Charge Jet Velocity Effected by Warhead Shell

The numerical simulation for the process of shaped charge jet produced with the shell of explosives is performed by means of the ANSYS/LS-DYNA 3D software. The effect of warhead shell on shaped charge jet velocity has been analyzed qualitatively in this paper. The numerical simulation results are creditable and in agreement well with that of the corresponding experiment. The research results show that the jet velocity of explosive with metal shell is higher than that without shell; when the shell thickness increases, jet＇ s head speed also increases; when the shell thickness increased to certain value, the jet velocity will not change any longer; with the same shell thickness, the bigger material density the higher jet＇s head velocity.

Static shape control of a flat shell structure

The eight-node and forty-DOF piezoelectric shell element were applied to shape control of a flat shell structure. By the direct and converse effects, a distributed piezoelectric sensor layer was used to monitor the shape deformation and a distributed actuator layer was used to suppresse the deflection. A finite element model was for static response of laminated shell with piezoelectric sensors/actuators was derived. The model was verified by calculating piezoelectric polymeric PVDF bimorph beam. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by theoretical analysis of Tzou and Hwang . A case study of the static shape control of a flat shell structure is presented.

贝壳形屋盖风压系数密度峰值聚类分区研究

鉴于贝壳形屋盖表面风压分布的特殊性,提出基于快速搜索技术的密度峰值聚类风压系数分区方法。以某贝壳形屋盖表面风压分布试验结果为基础,进行密度峰值聚类风压系数分区,采用SD有效性指标验证分区数的合理性,并与改进k-means聚类分区结果进行对比。结果表明:密度峰值聚类风压系数分区以风压系数相对距离、局部密度和综合指数为特征参数,能较好反映屋面风压分布特性,有效保证类聚合性和类类分离性;相较于改进k-means分区法,不同风向角下密度峰值聚类得到的分区数与SD最优聚类数接近;密度峰值聚类分区结果能更准确反映贝壳形屋盖表面风压分布特性,充分体现测点风压系数局部密度和相对距离特征值较大的基本原则,对于贝壳形屋盖的风压系数分区具有更好的适用性;贝壳形屋盖密度峰值聚类分区最大负风压系数在-0.59~-1.74之间。

含调整器装药结构破片形成影响因素研究

为有效改善柱壳断裂位置并产生形状规则的大质量破片,该文设计了一种由柱壳装药以及嵌入其中的爆轰波调整器构成的新型破片战斗部结构,并研究了爆轰波调整器结构参数对破片输出的影响。采用AUTODYN-3D有限元计算软件,分析了爆轰波碰撞叠加切割柱壳形成破片的过程,找出了柱壳切割效果优良的调整器结构参数取值范围,并开展了最优结构的验证试验。研究结果表明:有效破片生成率随内外层装药厚度比、调整器厚度的增加以及沟槽数量的减小,由一定值逐渐达到100%;当内外层装药厚度比为5、调整器厚度为10 mm或15 mm且开有8或12个沟槽时,有效破片在生成率达到100%的同时兼具较大的平均质量;水井试验回收率为96.3%,获得的有效破片生成率为100%,破片平均长度和宽度分别为39.75 mm和14.2 mm,与仿真结果的误差分别为6.25%和11.25%。该文研究结果可为实现破片战斗部智能可选择化提供借鉴思路。

不同螺旋缠绕异形管换热器壳程性能数值研究

缠绕管的形状对螺旋缠绕管换热器的传热能力有重要影响,本文建立了具有不同截面形状的螺旋缠绕管换热器模型,数值研究了八种不同截面形状的缠绕管对螺旋缠绕管换热器壳程流动与传热性能的影响。相比于传统圆管,三叶管和水滴管对壳程流体造成的扰动较大,增强了螺旋缠绕管换热器的综合换热性能,而三叶管则具有最大换热能力。进一步分析了不同冲刷方式对螺旋三叶管换热器和螺旋水滴管换热器壳程性能的影响,结果表明:在相同的进口工况下,螺旋三叶管换热器壳程努塞尔数相比于传统圆管提高了11.8%~15.5%,阻力系数增大了41.9%~49.6%;螺旋水滴管换热器壳程努塞尔数相比于传统圆管提高了2.8%~4.3%,阻力系数增大了3.2%~6.8%;在雷诺数为2 603~5 206的工况条件下,管截面与流动方向夹角为0°的三叶管换热器综合换热性能最好,而管截面与流动方向呈逆流形式的水滴管换热器综合换热性能优于顺流形式。

管壳式换热器弓形折流板的结构优化

为研究某高温烟气急冷器空气二次冷却系统的流动与传热特性,建立了管壳式换热器简化模型,运用ANSYS软件进行数值模拟,分析了折流板数量、相对缺口高度、折流板间距和换热器进出口管布置方式对换热器性能的影响。结果表明:折流板数量越多,相对缺口高度越小,换热器压降越大,换热系数越大,综合性能指标越小;高温区域折流板间距小、低温区域折流板间距大的换热器比等间距折流板换热器平均换热系数提高了4.3%,平均综合性能指标提高了2.3%;空气出口管布置在热流体进口侧比布置在热流体出口侧平均换热系数提高了6.5%,平均综合性能指标提高了4.3%。

基于AUTODYN的EFP动能干扰协同作用仿真研究

为提高传统特种能源成型干扰器(EFP)侵彻部的侵彻范围和干扰效果,通过对EFP侵彻部进行结构优化,在不影响EFP成型的基础上,将预制破片和EFP侵彻部这2种干扰元进行融合,形成EFP动能干扰复合侵彻部。采用AUTODYN有限元分析软件将动能干扰侵彻部的壳体结构和药型罩外形对破片运动状态和药型罩变形情况的影响进行数值模拟。结果表明,采用球缺形药型罩有利于形成EFP;当壳体与水平角度在-8°~-10°范围内,预制破片和形成的EFP速度最大,可增大侵彻部的干扰效果。

外包钢壳混凝土异形索塔及其施工临时支撑研究

斜拉桥外包钢壳混凝土异形索塔结构受力复杂,在施工阶段存在变形和应力过大等问题。为保障该类索塔的施工安全和线形标准,设计了三种支撑方案以减小索塔的应力和变形,并利用有限元法对不同支撑方案的技术性能进行分析。分析结果表明,异形索塔的拱形轴线对塔柱应力和变形影响很大,不同建模方法计算的索塔应力和变形差异较大;三种方案的支撑均可显著减小索塔变形和腔内混凝土拉应力,而四道双管方案对降低施工难度和误差最有效;塔柱变形及混凝土拉应力对风压很敏感,施工时应加强塔柱抗风措施设计。

超深地连墙异形槽段多导管同步浇筑系统设计

某长江大桥南航道桥主跨设计长度为2300m,锚碇结构采用支护转结构复合地下连续墙基础,最大成槽深度83 m。一期槽段创新性的采用现浇钢壳混凝土成墙技术,施工时需要配套新工艺、新装备来解决异形多根导管同步性浇筑的难题。为此,文中提出了多导管一体化同步浇筑解决方案。首先,分析该长江大桥南航道桥锚碇基础结构特点,明确十字形槽段浇筑空间和设计参数;其次,详细设计多导管同步浇筑系统,采用自动化流量分料系统搭配一体化多导管浇筑平台来实现异形槽段的同步浇筑;最后,介绍超深锚碇地连墙异形槽段浇筑工序,在槽位处开展多导管同步浇筑系统功能性试验,顺利完成封底混凝土和二次混凝土浇筑,为今后同类型超深地连墙异形槽段的浇筑提供了参考和借鉴。

GENERAL SOLUTION FOR U-SHAPED BELLOWS OVERALL-BENDING PROBLEMS

The formulae for stresses and angular displacements of U-shaped bellows overall bending in a meridian plane under pure bending moments are presented based on the general solution for slender ring shells proposed by Zhu Weiping, et al. and the solution for ring plates. The results evaluated in this paper are compared with those on EJMA (standards of the expansion joint manufacturers association) and of the experiment given by Li Tingxilz, et al.

Post-Buckling Behavior of Laminated Composite Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Axial, Bending and Torsion Loads

In present work, post-buckling behavior of imperfect (of eigen form) laminated composite cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios subjected to axial, bending and torsion loads has been investigated by using an equilibrium path approach in the finite element analysis. The Newton-Raphson approach as well as the arc-length approach is used to ensure the correctness of the equilibrium paths up to the limit point load. Post-buckling behavior of imperfect cylindrical shells with different L/D and R/t ratios of interest is obtained and the theoretical knock-down factors are reported for the considered cylindrical shells.

Study on applicability of modal analysis of thin finite length cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach

Donnell’s thin shell theory and basic equations based on the wave propagation method discussed in detail here, is used to investigate the natural frequencies of thin finite length circular cylindrical shells under various boundary conditions. Mode shapes are drawn to explain the circumferential mode number n and axial mode number m, and the natural frequencies are cal-culated numerically and compared with those of FEM (finite element method) to confirm the reliability of the analytical solution. The effects of relevant parameters on natural frequencies are discussed thoroughly. It is shown that for long thin shells the method is simple, accurate and effective.

Study of rotational bands of ^(129)La using the projectedshell model

The projected shell model is applied to the nucleus 129La. The present results of theoretical calculations about the one-quasiproton bands are compared with experimental data. The agreement with both the yrast πh11/2 band πg7/2 band is satisfactory. We also assign the πg7/2 [νh11/2]2 configuration with an oblate shape for one of bands in 129La.

蓄电池塑料箱自动缠膜包装机设计

目的 针对蓄电池外壳塑料箱贮存、物流运输过程中出现的粉尘污染、破损等问题,在注塑成型后,需经覆膜处理。由于蓄电池外壳较薄,热缩工艺防护手段变形严重,对产品质量产生较大影响,迫切需要设计一种高效、便捷的蓄电池外壳防护包装工艺。方法 依据功能模块化设计理念提出托盘式塑料箱缠膜的解决方法,针对缠膜包装制定了集整形、缠膜、物料输送为一体的塑料箱自动缠膜工艺和各功能模块机械系统设计,并通过数字化手段验证工艺的合理性。结果 该设备实现了对多种规格的蓄电池外壳塑料箱的整形、缠膜、物料输送一体化生产,效率达到42s/件,相较于人工方式的效率提升了1.4倍。结论 该设备结构合理,在保证缠膜包装质量的前提下,提高了缠膜包装效率,推动了企业自动化进程,为塑料箱自动缠膜包装提供了解决方案。

基于异型件连接的胶合木网壳节点受力性能研究

为了减轻节点自重同时提高结构美观性,有必要开展新型木网壳节点连接形式研究。以已提出的新型K6网壳销式连接节点作为原始方案,进行2次改进。通过轴压性能试验确定改进方案1的有效性后,对改进节点进行抗弯性能试验。在此基础上提出改进方案2,并采用有限元分析的方法研究因试验条件受限导致的难以同时施加轴压力和竖向荷载的问题。结果表明:改进方案1受安装偏差影响较小,其实际承载力未像原始方案那样低于预期承载力设计值;节点中的异型钢连接件自重较目前应用较多的网壳节点轻20%~50%,在轴压性能试验中具有较好的弹性变形性能,抗弯性能试验中具有一定的塑性变形性能;改进方案2节点在轴压和竖向荷载共同作用时的受力性能明显优于竖向荷载单独作用时,说明轴压力对节点抗弯承载力有利;改进方案2节点抗弯承载力较改进方案1更有优势,经数据优化后提出的钢板厚度建议可为工程设计提供参考。

压缩机级间冷却器异形铸铁壳体应力分析与结构优化

针对铸铁制造的冷却器异形壳体设计中存在的规则设计方法过于保守问题,改用有限元分析方法进行冷却器异形壳体的结构强度分析。在满足结构强度的条件下,采用ANSYS参数化设计,以加强筋的高度和厚度、筒体厚度、平板厚度作为优化变量,以质量最小作为优化设计的目标函数,对冷却器异形壳体进行结构优化设计。有限元分析结果表明,结构优化后的冷却器异形壳体质量减少了23.35%,达到了结构轻量化和节约成本的目的。