Experimental research based on a C-band compact transit-time oscillator with a novel diode loading an embedded soft magnetic material and shielding structure

In order to reduce the external magnetic field and improve the conversion efficiency of high-power microwave generation devices with low external magnetic field,a novel diode with an embedded soft magnetic and shielding structure is proposed.The soft magnetic material is designed to enhance the local magnetic field in the diode region.Moreover,the diode applies a shielding structure which can reduce the radial electric field.From simulation research,it is found that the emission and transmission quality of the electron beam with low magnetic field is greatly improved when loading this diode.Through simulation research,it is verified that the diode can increase the conversion efficiency of the transit-time oscillator(TTO)from 30%to 36.7%.In our experimental study,under the conditions of a diode voltage of 540 kV and a current of 10.5 kA,the output microwave power is 1.51 GW when loading the novel diode and the microwave frequency is 4.27 GHz when an external guiding magnetic field of 0.3 T is applied.The corresponding conversion efficiency is improved from 20.0%to 26.6%,which is 6.6%higher than that of a device loaded with a conventional diode.Our experiments have verified that this novel diode can effectively improve the conversion efficiency of high-power microwave sources operating with low magnetic field,and contribute to the miniaturization and compactness of high-power microwave devices.

High performance carrier stored trench bipolar transistor with dual shielding structure

We propose a novel high performance carrier stored trench bipolar transistor(CSTBT)with dual shielding structure(DSS-CSTBT).The proposed DSS-CSTBT features a double trench structure with different trench profiles in the surface,in which a shallow gate trench is shielded by a deep emitter trench and a thick oxide layer under it.Compared with the conventional CSTBT(con-CSTBT),the proposed DSS-CSTBT not only alleviates the negative impact of the shallow gate trench and highly doped CS layer on the breakdown voltage(BV),but also well reduces the gate-collector capacitance CGC,gate charge Q_(G),and turn-off loss E_(OFF)of the device.Furthermore,lower turn-on loss E_(ON)and gate drive loss E_(DR)are also obtained.Simulation results show that with the same CS layer doping concentration N_(CS)=1.5×10^(16)cm^(-3),the BV increases from 1312 V of the con-CSTBT to 1423 V of the proposed DSS-CSTBT with oxide layer thickness under gate(T_(og2))of 1μm.Moreover,compared with the con-CSTBT,the C_(GC)at V_(CE)of 25 V and miller plateau charge(Q_(GC))for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm are reduced by 79.4%and 74.3%,respectively.With the VGEincreases from 0 V to 15 V,the total QGfor the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm is reduced by 49.5%.As a result,at the same on-state voltage drop(V_(CEON))of 1.55 V,the E_(ON)and E_(OFF)are reduced from 20.3 mJ/cm^(2)and 19.3 mJ/cm^(2)for the con-CSTBT to8.2 mJ/cm^(2)and 9.7 mJ/cm^(2)for the proposed DSS-CSTBT with T_(og2)of 1μm,respectively.The proposed DSS-CSTBT not only significantly improves the trade-off relationship between the V_(CEON)and E_(OFF)but also greatly reduces the E_(ON).

Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research Reactor.Via Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic requirements.Composite materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated polyethylene.Special-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation leakage.Our work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be achieved.This enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the sample.This shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in China.Following its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

A transparent electromagnetic-shielding film based on one-dimensional metal–dielectric periodic structures

In this study, we designed and fabricated optical materials consisting of alternating ITO and Ag layers. This approach is considered to be a promising way to obtain a light-weight, ultrathin and transparent shielding medium, which not only transmits visible light but also inhibits the transmission of microwaves, despite the fact that the total thickness of the Ag film is much larger than the skin depth in the visible range and less than that in the microwave region. Theoretical results suggest that a high dielectric/metal thickness ratio can enhance the broadband and improve the transmittance in the optical range. Accordingly, the central wavelength was found to be red-shifted with increasing dielectric/metal thickness ratio. A physical mechanism behind the controlling transmission of visible light is also proposed. Meanwhile, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the prepared structures was found to exceed 40 dB in the range from 0.1 GHz to 18 GHz, even reaching up to 70 dB at 0.1 GHz, which is far higher than that of a single ITO film of the same thickness.

Numerical Analysis on Neutron Shielding Structure of ITER Vacuum Vessel

The neutron shielding component of ITER （International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor） vacuum vessel is a kind of structure resembling a wall in appearance. A FE （finite element） model is set up by using ANSYS code in terms of its structural features. Static analysis, thermal expansion analysis and dynamic analysis are performed. The static results show that the stress and displacement distribution are allowable, but the high stress appears in the junction between the upper and lower parts. The modal analysis indicates that the biggest deformation exists in the port area. Through modal superposition, the single-point response has been found with the lower rank frequency of the acceleration seismic response spectrum. But the deformation and the stress values are within the permissible limit. The analysis results would benefit the work in the next step and provide some reference for the implementation of the engineering plan in the future.

Optimal design of structural parameters for shield cutterhead based on fuzzy mathematics and multi-objective genetic algorithm

In order to improve the strength and stiffness of shield cutterhead, the method of fuzzy mathematics theory in combination with the finite element analysis is adopted. An optimal design model of structural parameters for shield cutterhead is formulated,based on the complex engineering technical requirements. In the model, as the objective function of the model is a composite function of the strength and stiffness, the response surface method is applied to formulate the approximate function of objective function in order to reduce the solution scale of optimal problem. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to solve the cutterhead structure design problem and the change rule of the stress-strain with various structural parameters as well as their optimal values were researched under specific geological conditions. The results show that compared with original cutterhead structure scheme, the obtained optimal scheme of the cutterhead structure can greatly improve the strength and stiffness of the cutterhead, which can be seen from the reduction of its maximum equivalent stress by 21.2%, that of its maximum deformation by 0.75%, and that of its mass by 1.04%.

Reduced technique for modeling electromagnetic immunity on braid shielding cable bundles

In this paper, an efficient multi-conductor simplification technique is proposed to model the electromagnetic immunity on cable bundles within a braid shielding structure over a large frequency range. By grouping together the conductors based on the knowledge of Z-Smith chart, the required computation time is markedly reduced and the complexity of modeling the completely shielding cable bundles is significantly simplified with a good accuracy. After a brief description of the immunity problems in shielding structure, a six-phase procedure is detailed to generate the geometrical characteristics of the reduced cable bundles. Numerical simulation is carried out by using a commercial software CST to validate the efficiency and advantages of the proposed approach. The research addressed in this paper is considered as a simplified modeling technique for the electromagnetic immunity within a shielding structure.

Study on cosmogenic radioactive production in germanium as a background for future rare event search experiments

Rare event search experiments are one of the most important topics in the field of fundamental physics,and high-purity germanium(HPGe)detectors with an ultralow radioactive background are frequently used for such experiments.However,cosmogenic activation contaminates germanium crystals during transport and storage.In this study,we investigated the movable shielding containers of HPGe crystals using Geant4 and CRY Monte Carlo simulations.The production rates of 68Ge,65Zn,60Co,55Fe,and 3H were obtained individually for different types of cosmic rays.The validity of the simulation was confirmed through a comparison with the available experimental data.Based on this simulation,we found that the interactions induced by neutrons contribute to approximately 90%of the production rate of cosmogenic activation.In addition,by adding an optimized shielding structure,the production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides are reduced by about one order of magnitude.Our results show that it is feasible to use a shielding container to reduce the cosmogenic radioactivity produced during the transport and storage of high-purity germanium on the ground.