Advancements in machine learning for material design and process optimization in the field of additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing technology is highly regarded due to its advantages,such as high precision and the ability to address complex geometric challenges.However,the development of additive manufacturing process is constrained by issues like unclear fundamental principles,complex experimental cycles,and high costs.Machine learning,as a novel artificial intelligence technology,has the potential to deeply engage in the development of additive manufacturing process,assisting engineers in learning and developing new techniques.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research and applications of machine learning in the field of additive manufacturing,particularly in model design and process development.Firstly,it introduces the background and significance of machine learning-assisted design in additive manufacturing process.It then further delves into the application of machine learning in additive manufacturing,focusing on model design and process guidance.Finally,it concludes by summarizing and forecasting the development trends of machine learning technology in the field of additive manufacturing.

Research Progress of Additives to Improve Hydration Resistance of Magnesia-calcium Materials

Magnesia-calcium materials have stable hot performance,good resistance to the erosion and corrosion of liquid steel and steel slag,and a special role in purifying liquid steel,so they are widely used in iron and steel industry.However,hydration of magnesia-calcium materials seriously restricts their use,so researches have been done to improve their hydration resistance,obtaining a series of achievements.In this paper,the improvements on the hydration resistance of magnesia-calcium materials by additives in recent 20 years were presented,and their mechanisms were summarized.

Research Progress of Additive Manufacturing Technology in Energetic Material Field at Home and Abroad

As a subversive manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing technology has many technical advantages such as high freedom of design and not limited by complex structure of parts. The application of additive manufacturing technology to the charge molding of energetic materials will subvert the traditional manufacturing concept of energetic materials, realize the advanced charge design concept, shorten the research and development time of weapons and equipment, and improve the comprehensive performance of weapons and equipment, which is of great significance for the rapid development of high-tech weapons and equipment. This paper analyzes the research progress of additive manufacturing technology in the field of energetic materials at home and abroad and puts forward some suggestions for future research of this technology. .

Additional Mass: Orthotropic Membrane Material with Four Sides Fixed in Air Flow

When the membrane material in the air field vibrates, it will drive the movement of the surrounding air. The aerodynamic force generated by the moving air will act on the membrane material in turn, resulting in the change of dynamic characteristics such as membrane vibration frequency. In this paper, the additional air mass produced by membrane vibration in air is studied. Firstly, under the assumption that the incoming flow is uniform and incompressible ideal potential flow, the additional air mass acting on the surface is derived by using the thin airfoil theory and potential flow theory respectively. Then, according to the first law of thermodynamics and the principle of aeroelasticity, the analytical expression of the additional air mass is derived. Finally, through a specific example, the variation of the additional air mass with the membrane material parameters and pretension, as well as the influence of the aerodynamic force on the vibration frequency and amplitude of the membrane is obtained.

Research perspective and prospective of additive manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium-based materials

Biodegradable metals such as magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability.However,traditional casting,extrusion,and commercial processing have limitations in manufacturing components with a complex shape/structure,and these processes may produce defects such as cavities and gas pores which can degrade the properties and usefulness of the products.Compared to conventional techniques,additive manufacturing(AM)can be used to precisely control the geometry of workpieces made of different Mg-based materials with multiple geometric scales and produce desirable medical products for orthopedics,dentistry,and other fields.However,a detailed and thorough understanding of the raw materials,manufacturing processes,properties,and applications is required to foster the production of commercial Mg-based biomedical components by AM.This review summarizes recent advances and important issues pertaining to AM of Mg-based biomedical products and discusses future development and application trends.

Review of functionally graded materials processed by additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing(AM)technology makes parts through layer-by-layer deposition,which can regulate the microstructure and properties of different parts of a single part well.It provides a new idea for the preparation of functionally gradient materials(FGM),and has become a research hotspot at present.By referring to and analyzing the recent research achievements in the additive manufacturing tech-nology of FGM,the latest research progress at domestic and abroad from four aspects were summaried:selective laser melting additive man-ufacturing,electron beam additive manufacturing,arc additive manufacturing,path planning,and material texture.Moreover,the existing problems in the research are pointed out,and the future research direction and focus are prospected.

Deformation Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Ti/Al Bimetallic Composite Materials Fabricated by Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacturing

We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing,and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared.After compression deformation,allαstructures of titanium were compacted with the emergence of Widmanstatten structures.Coarsened coloniesαof titanium were elongated and waved along the original growth direction,resulting in anisotropy of grains.Pores and Ti/Al intermetallic compounds of aluminum are significantly decreased after hot compression.Meanwhile,a good bonding interface between titanium and aluminum is obtained after hot compression,and the element diffusion is more intense.In addition,the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of Ti/Al composite material with different clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of titanium to that of the Ti/Al composite material are investigated by uniaxial tensile test.The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strength of Ti/Al composite material is between that of single deposited titanium and aluminum,while the elongation of Ti/Al composite material with low clad ratio is lower than that of single aluminum due to the metallurgical reaction.As the clad ratio increases,the two component layers are harder to separate during deformation,which is resulted from the decrease of the inward contraction stress of three-dimensional stress caused by necking of aluminum.This work may promote the engineering application of Ti/Al bimetallic structures.

Recycled, Bio-Based, and Blended Composite Materials for 3D Printing Filament: Pros and Cons—A Review

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM), known as “3D printing”, has experienced exceptional growth thanks to the development of mechatronics and materials science. Fused filament deposition (FDM) manufacturing is the most widely used technique in the field of AM, due to low operating and material costs. However, the materials commonly used for this technology are virgin thermoplastics. It is worth noting a considerable amount of waste exists due to failed print and disposable prototypes. In this regard, using green and sustainable materials is essential to limit the impact on the environment. The recycled, bio-based, and blended recycled materials are therefore a potential approach for 3D printing. In contrast, the lack of understanding of the mechanism of interlayer adhesion and the degradation of materials for FDM printing has posed a major challenge for these green materials. This paper provides an overview of the FDM technique and material requirements for 3D printing filaments. The main objective is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using recycled, bio-based, and blended materials based on thermoplastics for 3D printing filaments. In this work, solutions to improve the mechanical properties of 3D printing parts before, during, and after the printing process are pointed out. This paper provides an overview on choosing which materials and solutions depend on the specific application purposes. Moreover, research gaps and opportunities are mentioned in the discussion and conclusions sections of this study.

金属增材制造工艺、材料及成形机理的研究与应用

作为一种快速、精密、自由制造的关键成形工艺,3D打印在推动工业化和产业发展方面发挥了重要作用。通过介绍金属3D打印技术,主要围绕选择性激光、电化学和电子束增材制造技术等工艺原理和关键技术,深入探讨了增材制造技术制备金属材料零部件的特性及其应用,同时详细阐述了它们的成形机理并探讨了金属3D打印技术所面临的主要问题和挑战。最后,对金属增材制造技术领域未来的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。

固相搅拌摩擦沉积增材制造技术研究进展

搅拌摩擦沉积增材(Additive friction stir deposition,AFSD)是一种先进的固相增材制造(Additive manufacturing, AM)技术。与传统基于熔融的增材制造技术相比,它具有增材结构致密、材料低变形和过程高效节能等优势,在航空装备制造、交通运输、机械制造等领域拥有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了AFSD技术的原理、优势、组织演变特点和应用情况。重点介绍了AFSD过程中“工艺条件-微观组织-力学性能”相关性的研究现状,沉积材料力学性能受材料流动状态、界面连接机制、微观组织演变情况的综合影响。列举了AFSD技术在大型构件整体制造、高性能涂层、表面缺陷修复等领域的应用。最后,对AFSD技术进行了展望,指出该技术在工艺与组织变化耦合、原位变形条件模拟、工具头设计和新材料增材等方面需进一步研究和突破。

高分子材料3D打印应用与案例

高分子材料3D打印是增材制造的重要部分,其3D打印方式较多,发展前景广阔。本文以高分子材料在3D打印领域应用为主,讲述了常用的三种高分子材料3D打印方式原理和实际应用案例,介绍了其他四种高分子材料3D打印方式原理及技术要点,了解了我国聚合物3D打印机向超大型高温型发展的动态以及3D打印丝材转向使用粒料节约材料成本,兼容多种高性能3D打印材料,让聚合物3D打印更好地为国民经济发展增添新动能。

外加剂对碱激发胶凝材料干燥收缩性能的影响

为了进一步改善碱激发胶凝材料的收缩特性,探索了单掺有机减缩剂(聚乙二醇和乳胶)、无机膨胀剂(CaO、MgO和石膏)对矿渣粉煤灰复合碱激发(AASF)体系水化产物组成、孔隙结构和收缩特性的影响。结果表明,在所有的外加剂中,聚乙二醇减缩效果最显著,外掺1%(质量分数)聚乙二醇的AASF试样的91 d干燥收缩仅为1 683με,相较于对照组最大降低29.7%,这主要归因于孔隙结构的显著粗化。聚乙二醇和乳胶对AASF的抗压强度有一定的负面影响,主要源于水化反应程度的降低和整体孔隙率的增加。三种无机膨胀剂在AASF体系中发挥出的收缩补偿效果不强,但对抗折强度有显著的增益效果。

增材制造材料铣削加工特性和表面完整性研究进展综述

激光熔覆等增材制造技术目前已被广泛应用,然而这类技术获得的熔覆层表面质量较差,难以满足零件的尺寸精度和表面质量等要求,铣削加工作为一种精加工方式可以有效地解决精度不足等问题。文章综述了不同铣削参数、切削方向、增材制造材料的处理方式、熔覆层的构筑方向等影响因素对加工特性和表面完整性的影响,加工特性通过切削力和刀具磨损表征,而表面完整性主要包括表面形貌(表面粗糙度、表面纹缺陷、毛刺形成等)和力学性能(残余应力和显微硬度),通过对不同影响因素下的熔覆层加工特性和表面完整性评价,使研究人员对增材制造材料的铣削性能具有更全面的了解,最后对增材制造材料铣削过程中存在的问题归纳梳理,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

选区激光熔化成形铝合金材料体系研究进展

铝合金是工业生产中运用最为广泛的金属材料,高比强度、良好的耐蚀性使其适用于生产各种复杂结构件。选区激光熔化技术不仅具有定制化成形能力,高加工精度与短生产周期也可大幅推进铝合金构件的成形与应用。本文介绍了近年来选区激光熔化铝合金的研究进展,简述了选区激光熔化技术所生产铝合金的工艺缺陷及形成机理,聚焦于不同合金的组织演变和力学性能,着重分析不同合金体系下元素对微观形貌的影响及强化效应。针对选区激光熔化铝合金的应用现状与存在壁垒,指出实现普及的关键在于通过成分设计实现成形性能与力学性能的平衡。

搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造研究现状

基于搅拌摩擦焊与增材制造技术开发的搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造为金属增材制造提供了一种独特的固相加工路线,其具有适用材料范围广、构件综合性能良好、效率高、成本低等优点,在航空航天、武器装备等领域金属及金属基复材结构件制备方面具有广阔的应用潜力。鉴于搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造的独特优势,本文首先对搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造技术的基本原理、完全耦合的热变形过程以及沉积层宏观成形进行了简单介绍,之后对增材沉积层微观组织演变和力学性能进行了重点论述,大量研究表明搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造中独特固相成形可使增材构件产生类锻造态显微组织,该技术已被逐步应用于结构件制备、修复、涂层加工等领域中。最后对搅拌摩擦固相沉积增材制造技术进行了展望,指出该技术未来需在仿真模拟、制造工艺、技术优化、质量监测、复杂构件制备等领域中进一步研究和突破。

聚醚醚酮的性能及其在口腔修复中的应用

聚醚醚酮(PEEK)作为一种新型生物材料近年来在口腔修复领域有较多的性能研究和临床应用报道,该文从PEEK材料机械性能、加工性能、粘接性能和美学性能四个方面对对其材料研究进行了综述,然后分别从可摘式与固定式PEEK口腔修复体两个方面对其临床应用现状进行了介绍。

航空航天领域用增材制造金属材料的研究进展

从航空航天领域对增材制造金属材料的需求出发,介绍了增材制造金属材料在航空航天领域的应用以及市场规模。评述了铁基合金、镍基合金、钛合金、铝合金等增材制造合金的微观组织和力学性能。总结了4种增材制造合金在航空航天领域关键零件中的典型应用实例。指出了航空航天领域用增材制造金属材料存在的问题及未来的研究方向。

Microstructure of TA2/TA15 graded structural material by laser additive manufacturing process

TA2/TA15 graded structural material（GSM） was fabricated by the laser additive manufacturing（LAM） process. The chemical composition, microstructure and micro-hardness of the as-deposited GSM were investigated. The results show that the TA2 part of exhibiting near-equiaxed grains was Widmanst？tten α-laths microstructure. The TA15 part containing large columnar grains was fine basket-weave microstructure. The graded zone was divided into four deposited layers with 3000 μm in thickness. As the distance from the TA2 part increases, the alloy element contents and the β phase volume fraction increase, the α phase volume fraction decreases and the microstructure shows the evolution from Widmanst？tten α-laths to basket-weave α-laths gradually. The micro-hardness increases from the TA2 part to the TA15 part due to the solid solution strengthening and grain boundary strengthening.

快堆MOX燃料中模浮动压制生坯性能与缺陷研究

生坯压制成型是MOX燃料制备的关键步骤,本文采用中模浮动压制技术进行MOX燃料原料氧化铝的生坯压制和芯块烧结,对比两种氧化铝粉末的中模浮动压制性能,并研究生坯外观缺陷产生的原因和解决措施。结果表明,科密欧氧化铝生坯和煅烧氧化铝生坯的成型性和压缩性相反;随着压制压力的增加,科密欧氧化铝生坯和煅烧氧化铝生坯密度和强度逐渐增加,但压制粉末性能对生坯密度和强度的影响程度大于压制参数。生坯密度和强度与粉末性能和压制压力有关,与加压时间、降压时间和脱模维持压力无关,两种氧化铝生坯压制曲线均较好地符合黄培云双对数方程;随着压制压力的增加和脱模维持压力的减小,生坯掉盖、爆头和破碎减少;随着硬脂酸锌添加量的增加,生坯侧面划痕消失,但芯块密度逐渐降低。

3D打印技术在牙周组织工程中的应用

背景:3D打印是牙科领域的一项新兴技术。它使用一种分层制造技术来创建可用于牙周组织工程应用的支架。通过3D打印的组织支架能够创建具有可控的特性,如内部结构、孔隙度和互联性,这使得它成为一种非常理想的牙周组织工程策略。目的:综述3D打印支架在牙周再生过程中的应用进展。方法:以“3D printing,periodontal tissue engineering,additive manufacturing,regenerative medicine,bioengineering,scaffold,bioprinting,periodontitis;3D打印,增材制造,牙周组织工程,支架,生物墨水,生物打印,组织工程学”为检索词,运用计算机检索PubMed、CNKI数据库中2000-2023年发表的相关文献。结果与结论:随着过去几十年3D打印技术的突飞猛进,它在组织工程和生物医学领域中都取得了巨大的突破和进展。3D打印技术能够提供高度个性化的治疗方案,提高治疗支架的适配性与治疗效果,在牙周组织工程中具有广阔的应用前景。在牙周组织工程领域中,3D打印的应用可以更好地模拟生物组织复杂的结构,并且能够制造出具有合适力学、流变学等特性的生物支架材料。3D打印技术通过组织工程支架的逐层构建不仅可以为牙周疾病治疗创建精确而复杂的支架模型,并且能在支架中创建复杂的微结构和通道,以促进细胞生长和组织再生。